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ASTM C1148-92a(2008)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Drying Shrinkage of Masonry Mortar

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Drying Shrinkage of Masonry Mortar

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method is a measure of the decrease in length of test specimens under controlled drying conditions, after an initial period of moist curing.
Since test specimens are not completely unrestrained during the initial period of moist curing, measurements of drying shrinkage by this test method are most useful for comparative purposes rather than as absolute values.
The drying shrinkage of unrestrained laboratory tested mortar samples is different from that experienced in a masonry wall where influences include restraint, masonry unit absorption, ambient temperature and humidity, thickness of joint, length of continuous wall, etc.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of unrestrained drying shrinkage of masonry mortars.
1.2 This test method is applicable to Specification C 270 Type N, Type S, and Type M mortars under the property or proportion specifications. Due to the tendency to damage lower strength specimens during demolding, it is not applicable to lower strength mortars, such as Type O mortars.
1.3 This test method is intended for research purposes only.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2008
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C12 - Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry
Drafting Committee
C12.02 - Research and Methods of Test
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1148-92a(2002) - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Drying Shrinkage of Masonry Mortar
Effective Date
01-Nov-2008
Replaced By
ASTM C1148-92a(2014) - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Drying Shrinkage of Masonry Mortar (Withdrawn 2019)
Effective Date
15-Dec-2014
Referred By
ASTM C1180-22 - Standard Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit Masonry
Effective Date
01-Nov-2008

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ASTM C1148-92a(2008) - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Drying Shrinkage of Masonry MortarASTM C1148-92a(2008) - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Drying Shrinkage of Masonry Mortar
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ASTM C1148-92a(2008) - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Drying Shrinkage of Masonry Mortar
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1148 − 92a(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Drying Shrinkage of Masonry Mortar
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1148; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of unre-
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
strained drying shrinkage of masonry mortars.
C778 Specification for Sand
1.2 This test method is applicable to Specification C270
Type N, Type S, and Type M mortars under the property or
3. Significance and Use
proportionspecifications.Duetothetendencytodamagelower
3.1 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this
strength specimens during demolding, it is not applicable to
test method is a measure of the decrease in length of test
lower strength mortars, such as Type O mortars.
specimens under controlled drying conditions, after an initial
1.3 This test method is intended for research purposes only.
period of moist curing.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2 Since test specimens are not completely unrestrained
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
during the initial period of moist curing, measurements of
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
drying shrinkage by this test method are most useful for
tion only and are not considered standard.
comparative purposes rather than as absolute values.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3 The drying shrinkage of unrestrained laboratory tested
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mortar samples is different from that experienced in a masonry
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
wall where influences include restraint, masonry unit
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
absorption, ambient temperature and humidity, thickness of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
joint, length of continuous wall, etc.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Apparatus
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Scales and Weights, Glass Graduates, and Length
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Comparator, conforming to requirements of Specification
C490.
Specimens)
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened
4.2 Molds (for test specimens), providing for 25 by 25 by
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
285-mm (1 by 1 by 11.25-in.) prisms having an effective gage
C270 Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry
length of 250 mm (10 in.), and conforming to the requirements
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
of Specification C490.
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
4.3 Studs, conforming to the requirements of Specification
C490 Practice for Use ofApparatus for the Determination of
C490.
Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and
Concrete
4.4 Tamper and Demolding Apparatus , conforming to
requirements of Test Method C157/C157M.
4.5 Trowel, having a straight edged steel blade 100 to 150
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C12 on Mortars
mm (4 to 6 in.) in length.
and Grouts for Unit Masonry and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C12.02 on Research and Methods of Test.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally
5. Temperature and Humidity
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C1148 – 92a(2002).
DOI: 10.1520/C1148-92AR08.
5.1 Molding Room—The temperature of the molding room,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
drymaterials,mixingwater,andtherelativehumidityoftheair
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in the molding room shall conform to the requirements of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Specification C490.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1148 − 92a(Reapproved 2008)
5.2 Moist Storage Facility—The temperature and humidity
of the air in the moist storage facility shall conform to the
requirements of Specification C511.
C1148 − 92a (2008)
NOTE 1—The initial measurement of specimen length may be taken
5.3 Drying Room and Controls—The drying room and
either immediately after demolding or at alternative initial moist curing
controls shall conform to the requirements of Test Me
...

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1.1 This specification pertains to admixtures for masonry mortars. Admixtures are substances other than Specification C270 prescribed materials of water, aggregate, and cementitious materials that are used to improve one or more of the recognized desirable properties of conventional masonry mortar.  
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 During preconstruction and construction evaluations, use of these test methods establishes specific and overall performance characteristics for the mortar system.  
5.2 Preconstruction testing of mortars prebatched by weight provides information for the selection of the individual mortar system best suited for the masonry to be constructed. The recommended tests and their significance are as follows:  
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5.2.3 Mortar water-content determinations (Annex A4) allow measurement of the water content of the mortar mixture. Mortars prebatched using moist masonry sand may be mathematically analyzed for mortar water content; however, this test, when used for preconstruction evaluation, establishes the effectiveness of the test method and serves as the control or base for tests performed at the construction site.  
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1.1 This specification covers mortar for the repair of masonry constructed with methods and materials that pre-date the origination of current standards of construction. The mortar may be used for non-structural purposes such as repointing of the masonry, or for structural purposes such as, but not restricted to, re-construction or repair of mortar joints that contribute to the structural integrity of the masonry.  
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4.1 This test method provides a laboratory procedure for determining the relative water absorption properties over time of mortars used for masonry construction. Because the specimens are made under laboratory conditions and do not take into account the effect of the masonry substrate or field mixing procedures, this method is not intended for field use. Data generated from this test method may be useful for determining the relative effectiveness of water repellent admixtures or the effect of other admixtures or mortar components on the water repellency of a mortar. However, use caution in interpreting the results. While the resistance of masonry to water penetration may be related to the water absorption of the mortar, it also depends on other factors, such as the workmanship, extent of bond, and the properties of the masonry units and mortar.
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1.3.1 Inch-pound units are given in parentheses for temperature specification and are for information only.  
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1.2 The definitions and descriptions of terms in this terminology pertain to Test Methods C780, C1019, C1148, C1324, and C1403; Specifications C144, C270, C404, C476, C887, and C1384; Practice C946; and Guide C1586.  
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4.1 This test method provides procedures for petrographic examination and chemical analysis of mortar for components of masonry mortar. These components may include portland cement, hydrated calcitic or dolomitic lime, masonry cement, aggregates, and air.  
4.2 The test method consists of procedures and sub-procedures, each requiring a substantial degree of petrographic and chemical skills and relatively elaborate instrumentation.  
4.3 The chemical data considered together with results of petrographic examination of a mortar provide for calculation of component proportions and thus allow a determination of mortar composition as represented by Types M, N, S, and O in Table 1 (Proportion Specification Requirements) of Specification C270.  
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4.5 The maleic acid method of analysis is not applicable for the analysis of mortar because it is greatly influenced by carbonation and does not provide for the determination of calcium.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for petrographic examination and chemical analysis of samples of masonry mortars. Based upon such examination and analysis, proportions of components in masonry mortars can be determined.
Note 1: This method is also applicable to hydraulic cement-based stucco and plaster. Some historic mortars may contain non-resolvable constituents that may interfere. However, significant information may be obtained by petrographic examinations.  
1.2 Interpretations and calculations of chemical results are dependent upon results of the petrographic examination. The use of the chemical results alone is contrary to the requirements of this test method.  
1.3 Procedures for sampling, petrographic examination, chemical analysis, and calculations of component proportions are given in the following sections:    
Section  
Sampling  
7  
Petrographic examination  
8  
Chemical analysis  
9  
Mortar proportion calculations  
10  
Report  
11  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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Standard Test Method for Sampling and Testing Grout for Masonry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Grout used in masonry is a fluid mixture of cementitious materials and aggregate with a high water content for ease of placement.  
3.1.1 During construction, grout is placed within or between absorptive masonry units. Excess water must be removed from grout specimens in order to provide compressive strength test results more nearly indicative of the grout strength in the wall. In this test method, molds are made from masonry units having the same absorption and moisture content characteristics as those being used in the construction.  
3.2 This test method is used to either help select grout proportions by comparing test values or as a quality control test for uniformity of grout preparation during construction.  
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Standard Guide for Quality Assurance of Mortars

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This document is intended to provide guidance and clarification to designers, specifiers, inspectors, testing agencies, producers, and users in specifying and evaluating masonry mortar.  
3.2 Users of documents Specification C270 and Test Method C780 often confuse and sometimes inadvertently misuse parts of the two documents when specifying or evaluating masonry mortar. This guide seeks to address specific items within Specification C270 and Test Method C780 to help promote their proper use and interpretation.
SCOPE
1.1 This document provides guidance regarding the proper use of Specification C270 and Test Method C780 for evaluating masonry mortar produced in the laboratory and at the construction site.  
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