ASTM D4705-18(2023)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Stitch Tear Strength of Leather, Double Hole
Standard Test Method for Stitch Tear Strength of Leather, Double Hole
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is designed to measure the load required to tear leather through two holes in the test specimen. Tanners and leather buyers have found that this test gives an indication of the resistance of leather to tearing. It is of particular value in estimating the durability of leather to withstand tearing stresses encountered in the manufacture of shoes, garments, and upholstered products. The thickness of the specimen and direction of tear relative to the backbone will affect the uniformity of the test results. This test method may not apply when the conditions of the test employed differ widely from those specified in the test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the stitch tearing resistance of leather using a double hole tear. It is particularly applicable to lightweight leathers. This test method does not apply to wet blue.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Dec-2022
- Technical Committee
- D31 - Leather
- Drafting Committee
- D31.07 - Physical Properties
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2013
- Refers
ASTM D1610-01(2013) - Standard Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing - Effective Date
- 01-May-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2010
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2010
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2008
- Refers
ASTM D1610-01(2007) - Standard Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing - Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2007
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2005
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2004
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2003
- Effective Date
- 10-May-2001
- Effective Date
- 10-May-2001
- Effective Date
- 10-Sep-2000
- Effective Date
- 10-May-2000
- Effective Date
- 10-Apr-1997
Overview
ASTM D4705-18(2023), titled Standard Test Method for Stitch Tear Strength of Leather, Double Hole, is an internationally recognized ASTM standard developed to assess the stitch tear resistance of leather using a double hole tear technique. This test method measures the force required to propagate a tear through two pre-punched holes in a leather specimen, offering valuable insights into the durability and tear resistance of lightweight leathers. It is primarily used by tanners, leather buyers, and manufacturers to estimate the suitability of leather products for applications where stitching and tearing stresses are common.
Key Topics
- Stitch Tear Strength: The primary focus is evaluating how resistant a leather sample is to tearing when subjected to force, particularly around stitched holes.
- Applicability: This method is especially relevant for lightweight leather and does not apply to wet blue leather or situations where test conditions diverge significantly from those outlined in the standard.
- Test Variables: The leather's thickness and the orientation of the sample relative to the backbone can influence test repeatability and results.
- Sample Preparation: Standardized specimen dimensions and hole placement ensure consistency and enable meaningful comparison across samples and laboratories.
- Test Procedure:
- Use of a testing machine, thickness gauge, and steel die as per referenced ASTM standards.
- Proper specimen conditioning and handling to simulate real-world use conditions.
- Precise measurement and reporting of both leather thickness and tear strength.
Applications
ASTM D4705-18(2023) has practical applications across multiple sectors that utilize leather, including:
- Footwear Manufacturing: Provides critical data for shoe manufacturers to select leathers capable of withstanding repeated stitches and stress in areas subject to frequent movement.
- Apparel Production: Designers and producers of leather garments rely on tear strength data to ensure product durability, especially at seams and points of attachment.
- Upholstery: Used in the selection and quality assurance of leathers for furniture and automotive interiors, where strong seams are essential for longevity and customer satisfaction.
- Leather Quality Control: Tanners and buyers use this method during procurement and production to classify leathers based on their mechanical strength and durability.
- Research and Development: Supports innovation by enabling consistent evaluation of new tanning, finishing, or processing techniques' impact on the mechanical performance of leather.
Related Standards
- ASTM D1610: Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing
- ASTM D1813: Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather Test Specimens
- ASTM D2209: Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather
- ASTM D2813: Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and Chemical Tests
These referenced standards provide essential procedures for sample preparation, thickness measurement, and tensile testing, forming an integrated framework for comprehensive physical performance assessment of leather materials.
By using ASTM D4705-18(2023), stakeholders in the leather supply chain can ensure their products meet rigorous international quality benchmarks for stitch tear strength, leading to improved customer confidence, reduced failure rates, and enhanced product reputation in competitive markets.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D4705-18(2023) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Stitch Tear Strength of Leather, Double Hole". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 This test method is designed to measure the load required to tear leather through two holes in the test specimen. Tanners and leather buyers have found that this test gives an indication of the resistance of leather to tearing. It is of particular value in estimating the durability of leather to withstand tearing stresses encountered in the manufacture of shoes, garments, and upholstered products. The thickness of the specimen and direction of tear relative to the backbone will affect the uniformity of the test results. This test method may not apply when the conditions of the test employed differ widely from those specified in the test method. SCOPE 1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the stitch tearing resistance of leather using a double hole tear. It is particularly applicable to lightweight leathers. This test method does not apply to wet blue. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 This test method is designed to measure the load required to tear leather through two holes in the test specimen. Tanners and leather buyers have found that this test gives an indication of the resistance of leather to tearing. It is of particular value in estimating the durability of leather to withstand tearing stresses encountered in the manufacture of shoes, garments, and upholstered products. The thickness of the specimen and direction of tear relative to the backbone will affect the uniformity of the test results. This test method may not apply when the conditions of the test employed differ widely from those specified in the test method. SCOPE 1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the stitch tearing resistance of leather using a double hole tear. It is particularly applicable to lightweight leathers. This test method does not apply to wet blue. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D4705-18(2023) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 59.140.30 - Leather and furs. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D4705-18(2023) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D1813-13, ASTM D1610-01(2013), ASTM D1813-00(2010), ASTM D2209-00(2010), ASTM D2813-03(2008), ASTM D1610-01(2007), ASTM D1813-00(2005), ASTM D2209-00(2004), ASTM D2813-03, ASTM D1610-00, ASTM D1610-01, ASTM D2209-00, ASTM D1813-00, ASTM D2813-97. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D4705-18(2023) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4705 − 18 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Stitch Tear Strength of Leather, Double Hole
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4705; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Tanners and leather buyers have found that this test gives an
indication of the resistance of leather to tearing. It is of
1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the
particular value in estimating the durability of leather to
stitch tearing resistance of leather using a double hole tear. It is
withstand tearing stresses encountered in the manufacture of
particularly applicable to lightweight leathers.This test method
shoes, garments, and upholstered products. The thickness of
does not apply to wet blue.
the specimen and direction of tear relative to the backbone will
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
affect the uniformity of the test results. This test method may
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
not apply when the conditions of the test employed differ
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
widely from those specified in the test method.
and are not considered standard.
4. Apparatus
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Testing Machine, as described in Test Method D2209.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 ThicknessGauge, a dead weight type of thickness gauge
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
as described in Method D1813.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.3 Steel Die, to cut test specimens (as described in 5.1).
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.4 Paper Clip, Smooth, with wire diameter 0.041 in. 6
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
0.002 in. (1.04 mm 6 0.05 mm).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Sampling Test Specimen
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Unless otherwise specified, sample the leather according
2. Referenced Documents to Practice D2813.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.2 The specimen shall be a rectangle of leather 2 in.
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod- (50.8 mm) in length and 1 in. (25.4 mm) in width with two
ucts for Testing holes ( ⁄64 in. (1.98 mm)) in diameter on one end of the
D1813 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather specimen. The centers of the holes shall be ⁄4 in. (6.35 mm)
Test Specimens from the end, ⁄4 in. (6.35 mm) apart, and located equidistant
D2209 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather from the center line (length wise) of the specimen. See Fig. 1.
D2813 Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and
5.3 The specimen shall be cut with the long dimension
Chemical Tests
perpendicular to the backbone.
3. Significance and Use
6. Conditioning
3.1 This test method is designed to measure the load
6.1 All specimen shall be conditioned and tested in an
required to tear leather through two holes in the test specimen.
atmosphere as described in Practice D1610.
This
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