ASTM D5430-13(2017)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5430 − 13 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Methods for
Visually Inspecting and Grading Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5430; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric Test
1.1 These test methods describe a procedure to establish a
Methods, General, refer to Terminology D4850.
numerical designation for grading of fabrics from a visual
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
inspection.
critical defect, defect, in inspection and grading, grade,
1.2 These test methods may be used for the delivery and
inspection, major defect, minor defect.
acceptance of fabrics with requirements mutually agreed upon
3.2 For all terminology related to Fabric Defects, refer to
by the purchaser and the supplier.
Terminology D3990.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3 For all other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminol-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ogy D123
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-
4. Summary of Test Method
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Rolls or bolts of fabric are visually inspected and
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
individually graded at an examination station using an agreed
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
upon point system.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 4.2 Fabric is normally inspected and graded on one side
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
only. Certain types of end use fabrics may be inspected and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. gradedonbothsidesasagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserand
supplier.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Test Method D5430 is considered satisfactory for ac-
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
ceptance testing a commercial shipments since the method has
D3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric Defects
been used extensively in the trade for grading of fabric and
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
fabric acceptance determination.
Methods
5.2 The penalty points obtained in grading the same rolls or
2.2 ANSI Standards:
bolts of fabric may vary considerably when using each of the
ANSI/ASQC Standard A1-1978 Definitions, Symbols,
three options listed herein. For this reason, the same point
Formulas, and Tables for Control Charts
assignment option should be used in cases of disagreement
ANSI/ASQC Standard Z1.4-1981 Sampling Procedures and
arising from differences of values reported by the purchaser
Tables for Inspection by Attributes.
and the supplier.
5.3 If there are differences of practical significance between
reported test results for two laboratories (or more), compara-
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
tive test should be performed to determine if there is a
Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test
Methods, General.
statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-
Current edition approved July 15, 2017. Published August 2017. Originally
tance.As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5430–03. DOI:
homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from
10.1520/D5430-13R17.
which the disparate test results ere obtained, and are randomly
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
testresultsfromthetwolaboratoriesshouldbecomparedusing
the ASTM website.
a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen
AmericanSocietyforQualityControl,310W.WisconsinAve.,Milwaukee,WS
53203. prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5430 − 13 (2017)
must be found and corrected, or future test results for that 10. Procedure
material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
10.1 Pass the fabric longitudinally through the inspection
area at a visual inspection speed, agreed upon between the
6. Apparatus
purchaser and supplier.
6.1 A suitable fabric inspection machine providing a flat
10.2 Visually inspect and grade from a viewing distance of
viewing area and an interruptible speed controlled fabric
one metre or yard while the fabric is in motion. Fabric may be
rewind. Examination and grading are usually done with over-
stoppedtogradewhennecessarytoaffirmmarginaldefectsand
head direct lighting. The inspection machine may be equipped
defects may be flagged.
with the option of back lighting (transmitted) light providing
10.3 Inspect and grade the total length of each roll or bolt
the choice by prior agreement depending on the fabric end use.
sampled.
The overhead direct lighting source shall be mounted parallel
to the viewing surface so as to illuminate with direct perpen-
10.4 Detect and assign points to defects observed as agreed
dicular impinging light rays. The surface illumination level
upon in 9.1 – 9.4 using optionsA(10.6), B (10.7), or C (10.8).
shall be a minimum of 1075 lux (100 foot candles).
10.5 Assign points to the defects based upon their length
6.2 The lighting source should be cool white preheat rapid within the plane of the fabric according to one of the following
startfluorescentlampswithwhitereflectorsandwithoutbaffles options of assigning points, as agreed upon between the
or glues, or by agreement between the purchaser and supplier. purchaser and the supplier.
10.6 Point Assignment Option A:
7. Sampling
Defect Length
Greater Than Up to and Including Assigned
7.1 Withshipmentswhichtotal1000morydorless,inspect
SI Units English Units SI Units English Units Points
and grade the total number of rolls or bolts.
0mm 0 in. 75mm 3 in. 1
75 mm 3 in. 150 mm 6 in. 2
7.2 For shipments exceeding 1000 m or yd, select samples
150 mm 6 in. 230 mm 9 in. 3
as agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier. In the absence of 230 mm 9 in. 4
such a specification, a reliable statistical sampling plan such as
10.6.1 Assign no more than a total of 4 points to any one
Practice D2903 or MIL-STD 105E may be used.
linear metre or yard of fabric, regardless of the number or size
of the detected individual defects.
8. Conditioning
10.6.2 Assign 4 points to each consecutive linear metre or
yard in which a continuous running defect exceeds 230
8.1 No conditioning is required.
millimetres or 9 inches.
10.6.3 Assign 4 points to each linear metre or yard of fabric
9. Defects and Tolerances
where the useable width is less than the minimum specified.
9.1 The purchaser and the supplier shall ag
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