ASTM B911/B911M-22
(Specification)Standard Specification for ACSR Twisted Pair Conductor (ACSR/TP)
Standard Specification for ACSR Twisted Pair Conductor (ACSR/TP)
ABSTRACT
This specification covers ACSR twisted pair conductor for use as overhead electric conductors. The conductors shall conform to the required values of equivalent size AWG, outer dimensions, nominal mass, rated strength, resistance and shall conform to the required component composition of aluminum and steel. . Tests for the electrical and mechanical properties shall be made on the component conductors.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ACSR Twisted Pair Conductor (ACSR/TP) for use as overhead electric conductors (see Notes 1 and 2).
Note 1: The conductor is fabricated from two component ACSR conductors of the same size twisted helically around each other. This conductor is identified by the code name of the component ACSR conductor followed by /TP or the size and type of the component ACSR conductor followed by /TP.
Note 2: There are registered trademark symbols that are also used to identify the twisted pair notation. Consult cable manufacturers for additional details.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2.1 For conductor sizes designated by AWG or kcmil, the requirements in SI units have been numerically converted from corresponding values stated or derived in inch-pound units. For conductor sizes designated by SI units only, the requirements are stated or derived in SI units. For density, resistivity, and temperature, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-May-2022
- Technical Committee
- B01 - Electrical Conductors
- Drafting Committee
- B01.07 - Conductors of Light Metals
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2009
- Effective Date
- 10-Mar-2001
- Effective Date
- 10-Mar-2001
- Effective Date
- 10-Mar-2001
Overview
ASTM B911/B911M-22 is the globally recognized standard specification for ACSR Twisted Pair (ACSR/TP) Conductors used in overhead electric power transmission. Developed by ASTM International, this standard establishes requirements for the construction, physical properties, and testing of conductors comprised of two Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR) components helically twisted together. The robust design and clear manufacturing specifications ensure reliability, safety, and compatibility across utility and infrastructure projects worldwide.
Compliance with ASTM B911/B911M-22 supports utility engineers, transmission planners, and manufacturers in delivering consistent quality and enhanced performance for overhead electric conductors.
Key Topics
- Conductor Composition: Defines requirements for both aluminum and steel elements used within the twisted pair conductor, ensuring standardization of materials and physical properties.
- Dimensional Requirements: Specifies conductor sizes in both AWG/kcmil and SI units, including detailed measurement rules for minor and major outer dimensions to guarantee correct fit and installation.
- Mechanical and Electrical Testing: Mandates electrical resistance, rated strength, and other parameters to be tested according to referenced ASTM standards, ensuring the integrity and performance of both component and completed conductors.
- Twisting and Construction: Outlines details for twisting process-left-hand direction and specified twist length-and states the prohibition of joints in finished component conductors.
- Inspection and Identification: Covers procedures for inspection, marking, packaging, and package labeling, including customer-specific requirements for traceability and safe handling.
- Ordering Information: Lists the required information when specifying conductors for purchase, such as size, mass, coating, packaging type, and inspection location.
Applications
The ACSR twisted pair conductors standardized by ASTM B911/B911M-22 are primarily used as overhead electrical conductors in transmission and distribution lines. Their dual-conductor, steel-reinforced structure provides:
- Enhanced Strength for long-span installations and regions prone to severe weather.
- Superior Conductivity for reliable bulk power transfer over extended distances.
- Mitigation of Aeolian Vibration and Galloping, ensuring stability and longevity in challenging environments.
Common uses include:
- High-voltage transmission lines
- Distribution grid upgrades and expansions
- Utility infrastructure resilience projects
- Retrofit and modernization of aging powerlines
- Rural and remote area electrification
These conductors are selected for their performance in environments where loads, vibration, and weather events demand rigorous adherence to quality and specification.
Related Standards
To ensure comprehensive compliance and interoperability, ASTM B911/B911M-22 frequently references or is used in conjunction with several related standards, including:
- ASTM B232/B232M - Specification for concentric-lay stranded ACSR conductors, which provides baseline requirements for the component conductors employed in the twisted pair construction.
- ASTM Standard Electrical and Mechanical Test Methods - Referenced for methods of testing conductor properties.
- National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) - Guides installation and operational safety.
- IEC Standards for Overhead Conductors - For international compatibility where required.
Adherence to ASTM B911/B911M-22 ensures compatibility with both domestic and global industry requirements for overhead electric conductors.
Keywords: ACSR twisted pair, overhead electrical conductor, ASTM B911, steel reinforced conductor, transmission line, electric conductor specification, ACSR/TP standard, aluminum conductor, conductor strength, aeolian vibration, overhead power conductors, standard for electric utilities.
Buy Documents
ASTM B911/B911M-22 - Standard Specification for ACSR Twisted Pair Conductor (ACSR/TP)
REDLINE ASTM B911/B911M-22 - Standard Specification for ACSR Twisted Pair Conductor (ACSR/TP)
Get Certified
Connect with accredited certification bodies for this standard
TL 9000 QuEST Forum
Telecommunications quality management system.
ANCE
Mexican certification and testing association.
Intertek Slovenia
Intertek testing, inspection, and certification services in Slovenia.
Sponsored listings
Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM B911/B911M-22 is a technical specification published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Specification for ACSR Twisted Pair Conductor (ACSR/TP)". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This specification covers ACSR twisted pair conductor for use as overhead electric conductors. The conductors shall conform to the required values of equivalent size AWG, outer dimensions, nominal mass, rated strength, resistance and shall conform to the required component composition of aluminum and steel. . Tests for the electrical and mechanical properties shall be made on the component conductors. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers ACSR Twisted Pair Conductor (ACSR/TP) for use as overhead electric conductors (see Notes 1 and 2). Note 1: The conductor is fabricated from two component ACSR conductors of the same size twisted helically around each other. This conductor is identified by the code name of the component ACSR conductor followed by /TP or the size and type of the component ACSR conductor followed by /TP. Note 2: There are registered trademark symbols that are also used to identify the twisted pair notation. Consult cable manufacturers for additional details. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.2.1 For conductor sizes designated by AWG or kcmil, the requirements in SI units have been numerically converted from corresponding values stated or derived in inch-pound units. For conductor sizes designated by SI units only, the requirements are stated or derived in SI units. For density, resistivity, and temperature, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ABSTRACT This specification covers ACSR twisted pair conductor for use as overhead electric conductors. The conductors shall conform to the required values of equivalent size AWG, outer dimensions, nominal mass, rated strength, resistance and shall conform to the required component composition of aluminum and steel. . Tests for the electrical and mechanical properties shall be made on the component conductors. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers ACSR Twisted Pair Conductor (ACSR/TP) for use as overhead electric conductors (see Notes 1 and 2). Note 1: The conductor is fabricated from two component ACSR conductors of the same size twisted helically around each other. This conductor is identified by the code name of the component ACSR conductor followed by /TP or the size and type of the component ACSR conductor followed by /TP. Note 2: There are registered trademark symbols that are also used to identify the twisted pair notation. Consult cable manufacturers for additional details. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.2.1 For conductor sizes designated by AWG or kcmil, the requirements in SI units have been numerically converted from corresponding values stated or derived in inch-pound units. For conductor sizes designated by SI units only, the requirements are stated or derived in SI units. For density, resistivity, and temperature, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM B911/B911M-22 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 33.120.20 - Wires and symmetrical cables. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM B911/B911M-22 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM B232/B232M-24, ASTM B232/B232M-11, ASTM B232/B232M-09, ASTM B232/B232M-01e1, ASTM B232/B232M-01, ASTM B232/B232M-99. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM B911/B911M-22 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B911/B911M −22
Standard Specification for
ACSR Twisted Pair Conductor (ACSR/TP)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B911/B911M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the
1.1 This specification coversACSRTwisted Pair Conductor
dateofmaterialpurchaseformapartofthisspecificationtothe
(ACSR/TP) for use as overhead electric conductors (see Notes
extent referenced herein:
1 and 2).
2.2 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—The conductor is fabricated from two component ACSR
B232/B232M Specification for Concentric-Lay-Stranded
conductors of the same size twisted helically around each other. This
conductor is identified by the code name of the component ACSR Aluminum Conductors, Coated-Steel Reinforced (ACSR)
conductor followed by /TP or the size and type of the component ACSR
conductor followed by /TP.
3. Terminology
NOTE 2—There are registered trademark symbols that are also used to
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
identify the twisted pair notation. Consult cable manufacturers for
3.1.1 component conductors—thetwoconductorstwistedto
additional details.
fabricate the finished ACSR/TP.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
4. Ordering Information
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
4.1 Ordersformaterialunderthisspecificationshallinclude
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
the following information:
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
4.1.1 Quantity of each size,
with the standard.
4.1.1.1 Conductor Size—kcmil area of the fabricated
1.2.1 For conductor sizes designated byAWG or kcmil, the
ACSR/TP (2 × kcmil area of one of the component
requirementsinSIunitshavebeennumericallyconvertedfrom
conductors),
correspondingvaluesstatedorderivedininch-poundunits.For
4.1.2 Conductor type and the number of wires of the
conductor sizes designated by SI units only, the requirements
component conductors,
are stated or derived in SI units. For density, resistivity, and
4.1.3 The type of steel core wire and type of coating,
temperature, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.1.4 Place of inspection,
standard.
4.1.5 Package size and type,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.1.6 Special package markings, if required, and
4.1.7 Heavy wood lagging, if required.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Requirements for Component Conductors
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 Before twisting, the component conductors shall con-
form to the requirements of Specification B232/B232M.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
6. Twist
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
6.1 The component conductors shall be twisted about them-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical selveswithacompletetwistevery9ft 61ft.Thistwistlength
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
shall be measured between the twisting machine and the
take-up reel with normal take-up tension on the ACSR/TP.
NOTE 3—The twist length can be altered as theACSR/TP is wound up
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B01 on
Electrical Conductors and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B01.07 on
Conductors of Light Metals. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2022. Published June 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as B911/B911M–12 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
(2016). DOI: 10.1520/B0911_B0911M-22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B911/B911M − 22
onto the take-up reel. It may not have the same twist length as when the
twisting process a mark (using felt tip pin or spray paint) is to
TP is removed from the reel.
be made at the same longitudinal location on each of the
6.2 The direction of the twist shall be left hand. component conductors before the component conductors have
passed through the twisting process. These two marks shall be
7. Construction Requirements
observed and followed visually during the twisting and to the
7.1 Construction requirements are given in Table 1 for take-up reel. If the marks move back and forth relative to each
ACSR/TP. other less than 1.5in. [3.8cm] the component tensions and
lengths shall be considered equal and the ACSR/TP is accept-
7.2 The twisted pair components shall be continuous
able.Ifonemarkmovessteadilyawayfromtheothermarkthe
throughout the reel. No joints in the finished component
component tensions and lengths shall be considered unequal
conductors are allowed.
and twisting machine adjustments must be made and another
7.3 The major and minor dimensions of the conductor shall
marking test made. This marking test is to be made in the first
be defined as indicated in Fig. 1.
100ft[30m]ofeachreelofACSR/TPproduced.Ifcomponent
tensions cannot be adjusted equally after three tries, 300ft
[90m], the completed ACSR/TP is to be scrapped, tension
adjustments made, and the production started over.
12. Inspection
12.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase
FIG. 1 Dimensions
order, the manufacturer shall be responsible for the perfor-
mance of all inspection and test requirements specified.
8. Rated Strength of TP Conductor
12.2 All inspections and tests shall be made at the place of
8.1 The rated strength of a completed ACSR/TP conductor
manufacture unless otherwise agreed upon between the manu-
shall be two times the rated strength of one of the component
facturer and the purchaser at the time of the purchase.
stranded conductors as given in Specification B232/B232M.
12.3 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector represent-
9. Mass Per Unit Length
ing the purchaser all reasonable manufacturer’s facilities to
9.1 The mass per unit length of a completed ACSR/TP
satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance
conductorshallbetwotimesthemassperunitlengthofoneof
with this specification.
the component conductors as given in Specification B232/
B232M.
13. Packaging and Package Marking
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 13.1 Package sizes and kind of package, reels or coils, shall
be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
10.1 The conductor shall be free of all imperfections not
consistent with good commercial practice.
13.2 There shall be only one length of conductor on a reel.
11. Mechanical and Electrical Tests
13.3 The conductor shall be protected against damage in
ordinary handling and shipping. If heavy wood lagging is
11.1 Tests for the electrical and mechanical properties shall
required,thepurchasershallspecifyitatthetimeofplacingthe
be made on the component conductors as required in the
purchase order.
appropriate ASTM Specifications.
13.4 The net mass, length, size, kind of conductor,
11.2 Tests for the demonstration of rated strength of the
stranding, type of core coating, if any, and any other necessary
completedACSR/TP conductor are not required by this speci-
identification shall be marked on a tag attached to the end of
fication but may be made if agreed upon between the manu-
facturer and the purchaser at the time of placing an order. If the conductor inside the package. This same information,
together with the purchase order number, the manufacturer’s
tested, the breaking strength of the completed ACSR/TP shall
be determined by performing a breaking test of each of the serial number (if any) and all shipping marks and other
information required by the purchaser shall appear on the
component conductors before twisting as given in the appro-
priatecomponentconductor’sASTMSpecification.Thebreak- outside of the package.
ing strength of the completedACSR/TPshall be two times the
breaking strength of the component conductor that had the 14. Keywords
lowest breaking strength.
14.1 aeolian vibration; aluminum; aluminum conductor;
11.3 The critical aspect of ACSR/TP conductor is that the ASCR; electrical conductors; galloping; overhead conductors;
component conductors be of equal length and tension in the steel-reinforced conductors; stranded aluminum conductors;
completed ACSR/TP. To test for this condition during the TP; twisted pair
B911/B911M − 22
TABLE 1 Construction Requirements for TP Type Conductor Using Aluminum Conductor, Steel Reinforced (ACSR)
Component Composition Outer Dimensions in.
Equivalent
D
Resistance
A
Code Word Size AWG or B
AWG or
Nominal Mass Ohms/1000 ft
C
kcmil
kcmil Aluminum Steel minor major lb/
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B911/B911M − 12 (Reapproved 2016) B911/B911M − 22
Standard Specification for
ACSR Twisted Pair Conductor (ACSR/TP)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B911/B911M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers ACSR Twisted Pair Conductor (ACSR/TP) for use as overhead electric conductors (see Notes 1 and
2).
NOTE 1—The conductor is fabricated from two component ACSR conductors of the same size twisted helically around each other. This conductor is
identified by the code name of the component ACSR conductor followed by /TP or the size and type of the component ACSR conductor followed by
/TP.
NOTE 2—There are registered trademark symbols that are also used to identify the twisted pair notation. Consult cable manufacturers for additional details.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2.1 For conductor sizes designated by AWG or kcmil, the requirements in SI units have been numerically converted from
corresponding values stated or derived in inch-pound units. For conductor sizes designated by SI units only, the requirements are
stated or derived in SI units. For density, resistivity, and temperature, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the date of material purchase form a part of this specification to the extent
referenced herein:
2.2 ASTM Standards:
B232/B232M Specification for Concentric-Lay-Stranded Aluminum Conductors, Coated-Steel Reinforced (ACSR)
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B01 on Electrical Conductors and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B01.07 on Conductors
of Light Metals.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016June 1, 2022. Published October 2016June 2022. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20122016 as
B911/B911MB911/B911M – 12 (2016). –12. DOI: 10.1520/B0911_B0911M-12R16.10.1520/B0911_B0911M-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B911/B911M − 22
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 component conductors—the two conductors twisted to fabricate the finished ACSR/TP.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the following information:
4.1.1 Quantity of each size,
4.1.1.1 Conductor Size—kcmil area of the fabricated ACSR/TP (2 × kcmil area of one of the component conductors),
4.1.2 Conductor type and the number of wires of the component conductors,
4.1.3 The type of steel core wire and type of coating,
4.1.4 Place of inspection,
4.1.5 Package size and type,
4.1.6 Special package markings, if required, and
4.1.7 Heavy wood lagging, if required.
5. Requirements for Component Conductors
5.1 Before twisting, the component conductors shall conform to the requirements of Specification B232/B232M.
6. Twist
6.1 The component conductors shall be twisted about themselves with a complete twist every 9 ft 6 1 ft. 1 ft. This twist length
shall be measured between the twisting machine and the take-up reel with normal take-up tension on the ACSR/TP.
NOTE 3—The twist length can be altered as the ACSR/TP is wound up onto the take-up reel. It may not have the same twist length as when the TP is
removed from the reel.
6.2 The direction of the twist shall be left hand.
7. Construction Requirements
7.1 Construction requirements are given in Table 1 for ACSR/TP.
7.2 The twisted pair components shall be continuous throughout the reel. No joints in the finished component conductors are
allowed.
7.3 The major and minor dimensions of the conductor shall be defined as indicated in Fig. 1.
FIG. 1 Dimensions
B911/B911M − 22
TABLE 1 Construction Requirements for TP Type Conductor Using Aluminum Conductor, Steel Reinforced (ACSR)
Component Composition Outer Dimensions in.
Equivalent
D
Nominal
Resistance Ohms/1000ftOhms/1000 ft
A
Code Word Size AWG or B
AWG or
Mass lb/ dc at
C
kcmil
kcmil Aluminum Steel minor major 1000ftlb/1000 ft Rated Strg. lb 20°C20 °C
Swan / TP 1 4 6 × 0.0834 1 × 0.0834 0.250 × 0.500 115 3700 0.2016
Swanate / TP 1 4 7 × 0.0772 1 × 0.1029 0.257 × 0.514 115 4720 0.1994
Swallow / TP 1/0 3 6 × 0.0937 1 × 0.0937 0.281 × 0.562 145 4600 0.1601
Sparrow / TP 2/0 2 6 × 0.1052 1 × 0.1052 0.316 × 0.632 182 5660 0.1267
Sparate / TP 2/0 2 7 × 0.0974 1 × 0.1299 0.325 × 0.650 213 7260 0.1253
Robin / TP 3/0 1 6 × 0.1181 1 × 0.1181 0.354 × 0.708 230 7120 0.1005
Raven / TP 4/0 1/0 6 × 0.1327 1 × 0.1327 0.398 × 0.796 290 8760 0.0796
Quail / TP 266.2 2/0 6 × 0.1489 1 × 0.1489 0.447 × 0.894 336 10600 0.0633
Pigeon / TP 335.6 3/0 6 × 0.1672 1 × 0.1672 0.502 × 1.004 461 13200 0.0502
Penguin / TP 423.2 4/0 6 × 0.1878 1 × 0.1878 0.563 × 1.126 582 16700 0.0398
Jaeger / TP 456.4 228.2 18 × 0.1126 1 × 0.1126 0.563 × 1.126 495 12100 0.0376
Waxwing / TP 533.6 266.8 18 × 0.1217 1 × 0.1217 0.609 × 1.218 579 13700 0.0322
Spoonbill / TP 533.6 266.8 22 × 0.1101 7 × 0.0612 0.624 × 1.248 642 17400 0.0321
Scaup / TP 533.6 266.8 24 × 0.1054 7 × 0.0703 0.633 × 1.266 687 20000 0.0320
Partridge / TP 533.6 266.8 26 × 0.1013 7 × 0.0788 0.642 × 1.284 734 22600 0.0319
Junco / TP 533.6 266.8 30 × 0.0943 7 × 0.0943 0.660 × 1.320 835 27800 0.0316
Ostrich / TP 600.0 300.0 26 × 0.1074 7 × 0.0835 0.680 × 1.360 825 25400 0.0283
Merlin / TP 672.8 336.4 18 × 0.1367 1 × 0.1367 0.683 × 1.366 730 17400 0.0255
Trogon / TP 672.8 336.4 20 × 0.1297 7 × 0.0576 0.692 × 1.384 757 19000 0.0256
Woodcock / TP 672.8 336.4 22 × 0.1237 7 × 0.0687 0.701 × 1.402 809 21800 0.0255
Widgeon / TP 672.8 336.4 24 × 0.1184 7 × 0.0789 0.710 × 1.420 866 25000 0.0254
Linnet / TP 672.8 336.4 26 × 0.1137 7 × 0.0884 0.720 × 1.440 925 28200 0.0253
Oriole / TP 672.8 336.4 30 × 0.1059 7 × 0.1059 0.741 × 1.482 1053 34600 0.0251
Chickadee / TP 795.0 397.5 18 × 0.1486 1 × 0.1486 0.743 × 1.486 862 19900 0.0216
Ptarmigan / TP 795.0 397.5 20 × 0.1410 7 × 0.0627 0.752 × 1.504 895 22200 0.0216
Stork / TP 795.0 397.5 22 × 0.1344 7 × 0.0747 0.762 × 1.524 956 25800 0.0216
Brant / TP 795.0 397.5 24 × 0.1287 7 × 0.0858 0.772 × 1.544 1023 29200 0.0215
Ibis / TP 795.0 397.5 26 × 0.1236 7 × 0.0961 0.783 × 1.566 1093 32600 0.0214
Lark / TP 795.0 397.5 30 × 0.1151 7 × 0.1151 0.806 × 1.612 1244 40600 0.0212
Pelican / TP 954.0 477.0 18 × 0.1628 1 × 0.1628 0.814 × 1.628 1035 23600 0.0180
Tailorbird / TP 954.0 477.0 20 × 0.1544 7 × 0.0686 0.823 × 1.646 1074 26200 0.0180
Toucan / TP 954.0 477.0 22 × 0.1472 7 × 0.0818 0.834 × 1.668 1148 30400 0.0180
Flicker / TP 954.0 477.0 24 × 0.1410 7 × 0.0940 0.846 × 1.692 1227 34400 0.0179
Hawk / TP 954.0 477.0 26 × 0.1354 7 × 0.1053 0.858 × 1.716 1312 39000 0.0178
Hen / TP 954.0 477.0 30 × 0.1261 7 × 0.1261 0.883 × 1.766 1493 47600 0.0177
Heron / TP 1000.0 500.0 30 × 0.1291 7 × 0.1291 0.904 × 1.808 1565 50000 0.0169
Nightingale/TP 1034.0 517.0 18 × 0.1694 1 × 0.1694 0.848 × 1.696 1121 25400 0.0166
Creeper / TP 1034.0 517.0 20 × 0.1607 7 × 0.0714 0.858 × 1.716 1164 28400 0.0166
Osprey / TP 1113.0 556.5 18 × 0.1758 1 × 0.1758 0.879 × 1.758 1207 27400 0.0154
Tody / TP 1113.0 556.5 20 × 0.1668 7 × 0.0741 0.890 × 1.780 1253 30600 0.0155
Sapsucker / TP 1113.0 556.5 22 × 0.1590 7 × 0.0883 0.901 × 1.802 1339 35200 0.0154
Parakeet / TP 1113.0 556.5 24 × 0.1523 7 × 0.1015 0.914 × 1.828 1432 39600 0.0153
Dove / TP 1113.0 556.5 26 × 0.1463 7 × 0.1138 0.927 × 1.854 1530 45200 0.0153
Eagle / TP 1113.0 556.5 30 × 0.1362 7 × 0.1362 0.953 × 1.906 1741 55600 0.0152
Kittiwake / TP 1192.0 596.0 18 × 0.1820 1 × 0.1820 0.910 × 1.820 1293 29400 0.0144
Skua / TP 1210.0 605.0 20 × 0.1739 7 × 0.0773 0.928 × 1.856 1362 33200 0.0142
Peacock / TP 1210.0 605.0 24 × 0.1588 7 × 0.1059 0.953 × 1.906 1557 43200 0.0141
Squab / TP 1210.0 605.0 26 × 0.1525 7 × 0.1186 0.966 × 1.932 1664 48600 0.0141
Wood Duck/ TP 1210.0 605.0 30 × 0.1420 7 × 0.1420 0.994 × 1.988 1893 57800 0.0140
Teal / TP 1210.0 605.0 30 × 0.1420 19 × 0.0852 0.994 × 1.988 1877 60000 0.0140
Swift / TP 1272.0 636.0 36 × 0.1329 1 × 0.1329 0.930 × 1.860 1286 27600 0.0135
Kingbird / TP 1272.0 636.
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...