ASTM B686/B686M-18

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B686/B686M − 14 B686/B686M − 18
Standard Specification for
Aluminum Alloy Castings, High-Strength
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B686/B686M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers aluminum-alloy high-strength castings designated as shown in Table 1.
1.2 Castings covered by this specification are intended for use in airframe, missile, and other critical applications where high
strength, ductility, and sound castings are required.
1.3 Alloy and temper designations are in accordance with ANSI H35.1/H35.1 (M). The equivalent Unified Numbering System
alloy designations are in accordance with Practice E527.
1.4 Unless the order specifies the “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.
1.5 For acceptance criteria for inclusion of new aluminum and aluminum alloys and their properties in this specification, see
Annex A1 and Annex A2.
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regularregulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the date of purchase form a part of this specification to the extent
referenced herein:
2.2 ASTM Standards:
B179 Specification for Aluminum Alloys in Ingot and Molten Forms for Castings from All Casting Processes
B275 Practice for Codification of Certain Zinc, Tin and Lead Die Castings
B557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
B557M Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products (Metric)
B660 Practices for Packaging/Packing of Aluminum and Magnesium Products
B666/B666M Practice for Identification Marking of Aluminum and Magnesium Products
B881 Terminology Relating to Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
B917/B917M Practice for Heat Treatment of Aluminum-Alloy Castings from All Processes
B985 Practice for Sampling Aluminum Ingots, Billets, Castings and Finished or Semi-Finished Wrought Aluminum Products for
Compositional Analysis
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.01 on Aluminum
Alloy Ingots and Castings.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014May 15, 2018. Published October 2014June 2018. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20112014 as
B686/B686M – 11.B686/B686M – 14. DOI: 10.1520/B0686_B0686M-14.10.1520/B0686_B0686M-18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B686/B686M − 18
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition Limits
NOTE 1—When single units are shown, they indicate the maximum amounts permitted.
NOTE 2—Analysis shall be made for the elements for which limits are shown in this table.
NOTE 3—The following applies to all specified limits in this table: For purposes of determining conformance to these limits, an observed value or a
calculated value obtained from analysis shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the specified limit
in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
Composition, %
Others
Man- Alu-
ANSI ASTM Magne-
Former Silicon Iron Copper ga- Zinc Titanium mi-
To-
A
H35.1 E527 sium
Each
B
nese num
tal
C
A201.0 A12010 0.05 0.10 4.0–5.00.20–0.400.15–0.35 0.15–0.35 0.03 0.10 re-
main-
der
354.0 A03540 SC92A 8.6–9.4 0.20 1.6–2.00.10 0.40–0.6 0.10 0.20 0.05 0.15 re-
main-
der
C355.0 A33550 SC51B 4.5–5.5 0.20 1.0–1.50.10 0.40–0.6 0.10 0.20 0.05 0.15 re-
main-
der
A356.0 A13560 SG70B 6.5–7.5 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.25–0.45 0.10 0.20 0.05 0.15 re-
main-
der
D
A357.0 A13570 6.5–7.5 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.40–0.7 0.10 0.04–0.20 0.05 0.15remainder
A,B,C,D
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition Limits
E
Others Al.
G
Desig. Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Ni Zn Ti Ag Be Pb Zr FNs
F
Each Total Min.
A201.0 0.05 0.10 4.0–5.0 0.20–0.400.15–0.35 . . . . . . . . . 0.15–0.35 0.40–1.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.03 0.10 Rem.
354.0 8.6–9.4 0.20 1.6–2.0 0.10 0.40–0.6 . . . . . . 0.10 0.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05 0.15 Rem.
C355.0 4.5–5.5 0.20 1.0–1.5 0.10 0.40–0.6 . . . . . . 0.10 0.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05 0.15 Rem.
A356.0 6.5–7.5 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.25–0.45 . . . . . . 0.10 0.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05 0.15 Rem.
A357.0 6.5–7.5 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.40–0.7 . . . . . . 0.10 0.04–0.20 . . . 0.04–0.07 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05 0.15 Rem.
A
When single units are shown, they indicate the maximum amounts permitted.
B
Analysis shall be made for the elements for which limits are shown in this table.
C
The following applies to all specified limits in this table: For purposes of determining conformance to these limits, an observed value or a calculated value obtained from
analysis shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the specified limit in accordance with the rounding-off method of
Practice E29.
D
In case of discrepancy between the values listed in Table 1 and those listed in the “Designations and Composition Limits for Aluminum Alloys in the Form of Castings
and Ingot (known as the ‘Pink Sheets’)”, the composition limits registered with the Aluminum Association and published in the “Pink Sheets” shall be considered the
controlling composition.
E
“Others” includes listed elements for which no specific limit is shown as well as unlisted metallic elements. The producer may analyze samples for trace elements not
specified in the specification. However, such analysis is not required and may not cover all metallic “Others” elements. Should any analysis by the producer or the purchaser
establish that an “Others” element exceeds the limit of “Each” or that the aggregate of several “Others” elements exceeds the limit of “Total,” the material shall be considered
nonconforming.
F
Other Elements—Total shall be the The sum of unspecified those “Others” metallic elements 0.010 % or more, rounded more each, expressed to the second decimal
before determining the sum.
G
Silver 0.40 to 1.0 %. For a cross reference of current and former alloy designations see the Aluminum Association’s “Designations and Composition Limits for Aluminum
Alloys in the Form of Castings and Ingot (known as the ‘Pink Sheets’)”.
D
Beryllium 0.04–0.07.
E34 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum-Base Alloys (Withdrawn 2017)
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radiographic Film
E155 Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Castings
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)
E607 Test Method for Atomic Emission Spectrometric Analysis Aluminum Alloys by the Point to Plane Technique Nitrogen
Atmosphere (Withdrawn 2011)
E716 Practices for Sampling and Sample Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys for Determination of Chemical
Composition by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
E1251 Test Method for Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
E2422 Digital Reference Images for Inspection of Aluminum Castings
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
2.3 AMS Standard:
AMS 2771 Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Castings
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
B686/B686M − 18
2.4 ANSI Standards:
H35.1/H35.1 (M)-2006 Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Aluminum
Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes
2.5 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
2.6 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
2.7 Aluminum Associations Standard
Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Aluminum Alloys in the Form of Castings and Ingot (The Pink Sheets)
2.8 Other Standards:
CEN EN 14242 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys—Chemical Analysis—Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission
Spectral Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology B881 for definitions of product terms used in this specification.
4. Classification
4.1 Castings shall be classified by inspection classes.
4.1.1 Classes (Inspection):
4.1.1.1 Class 1—A class of casting, the single failure of which would result in the loss of a missile, aircraft, or other vehicle.
4.1.1.2 Class 2—Class 1 castings not included in Class 1, the single failure of which would cause significant danger to operating
personnel or would result in a significant operational penalty. In the case of missiles, aircraft, and other vehicles, this includes loss
of major components, loss of control, unintentional release of inability to release armament stores, or failure of weapon installation
components.
4.1.1.3 Class 3—Castings having a margin of safety of 200 % or less.
4.1.1.4 Class 4—Castings having a margin of safety of greater than 200 %, or for which no stress analysis is required. All target
drone castings and aerospace ground support equipment fall in this category, except for such critical parts, the failure of which
would make the equipment unsatisfactory and cause the vehicles which they are intended to support to be inoperable.
4.1.2 Grades (Radiographic Quality):
NOTE 1—Caution should be exercised in specifying the grade of maximum permissible radiographic discontinuity level to be met in the casting.
Radiographic quality has only a qualitative relationship to mechanical properties. In general, the highest property levels of an alloy will require the higher
grades of radiographic quality. However, section size and shape parameters may be able to tolerate certain discontinuities without significant reduction
in functional integrity. Too severe soundness requirements may cause the part producibility to be impractical or uneconomical.
4.1.2.1 Grade A—A grade in which there is no discernible discontinuity visible on the radiograph of the specified area of the
casting.
4.1.2.2 Grade B—A premium grade of casting for critical applications or specified area of a casting with low margins of safety.
4.1.2.3 Grade C—A high-quality grade of casting or area of a casting for general applications.
4.1.2.4 Grade D—A grade included for less important areas of a casting.
5. Ordering Information
5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the following information:
5.1.1 This specification designation (which includes the number, the year, and the revision letter, if applicable),
NOTE 2—For inch-pound application, specify Specification B686 and for metric application specify Specification B686M. Do not mix units.
5.1.2 Alloy number (Section 7.1 and Table 1), radiographic grade (4.1.2 and Table 2), inspection class of castings (4.1.1 and
Table 3 [Table 4]), and class of mechanical properties (Table 5 and [Table 6]),
5.1.3 Tensile property requirements on the drawing or purchase order (9.1.5, 15.4, 15.5, Table 3 [Table 4], and Table 5 [Table
6]),
5.1.4 Identification of product information (Section 11),
5.1.5 Applicable drawings or part number, and
5.1.6 The quantity in either pieces or [kilograms].
5.2 Additionally, orders for material to this specification shall include the following information when required by the
purchaser:
5.2.1 Whether heat treatment is to be performed in accordance with AMS 2771 (10.2),
Available from Aluminum Association, Inc., 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 600,1400 Crystal Drive Suite 430 Arlington, VA 22209,22202, http://www.aluminum.org.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 Rue de Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cenorm.be.
B686/B686M − 18
TABLE 2 Discontinuity-Level Requirements for High-Strength Aluminum Castings—Maximum Permissible in Accordance with
(Film Reference Radiographs E155 or Digital Reference Radiographs E2422)
NOTE 1—When two or more types of discontinuities are present within a 2 by 2-in. [50 by 50-mm] area to an extent equal to or not significantly better
than the acceptance standards for respective discontinuities, the castings shall be rejected.
NOTE 2—When two or more types of discontinuities are present within a 2 by 2-in. [50 by 50-mm] area and the predominating discontinuity is not
significantly better than the acceptance standard, the casting shall be considered borderline.
NOTE 3—Borderline castings shall be reviewed for acceptance or rejection by competent engineering personnel from the manufacturer and purchaser.
NOTE 4—Gas holes, sand spots, and inclusions allowed by this table shall be cause for rejection when closer than twice their maximum dimension to
an edge or extremity of a casting.
NOTE 5—Castings with the following characteristics apply to Alloy A201.1 only:
1. Banding or striated segregation shall be acceptable to the extent that the mechanical properties in the affected section meet the requirements of
Table 3.
2. Healed hot tears or discrete segregation cracks, evidenced by linear irregular white lines, shall be rejected.
3. Spheroidal segregation, evidenced by white spheroids, shall be evaluated for size and concentration by using the standards for gas holes.
Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D
Discontinuity Radiograph Section Thickness, in.
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4
[6 mm] [19 mm] [6 mm] [19 mm] [6 mm] [19 mm] [6 mm] [19 mm]
Gas holes 1.1 none 1 1 2 2 5 5
Gas porosity (round) 1.21 none 1 1 3 3 7 7
Gas porosity (elongated) 1.22 none 1 1 3 4 5 5
A A A
Shrinkage cavity 2.1 none 1 2 3
Shrinkage porosity or sponge 2.2 none 1 1 2 2 4 3
Foreign material (less dense 3.11 none 1 1 2 2 4 4
material)
Foreign material (more dense 3.12 none 1 1 2 1 4 3
material)
Segregation . none none none none
Cracks . none none none none
Cold shuts . none none none none
Laps . none none none none
Surface irregularity . not to exceed drawing tolerance
Core shift . not to exceed drawing tolerance
A
Not available. Use ⁄4 in. [6 mm] for all section thicknesses.
5.2.2 Where the preproduction samples shall be sent, activity responsible for testing, and instructions concerning submittal of
the test reports (14.2.1 and 14.2.2),
5.2.3 Penetrant inspection standards (15.2),
5.2.4 Whether Practices B660 apply and, if so, the levels of preservation, packaging, and packing required (16.317.4),
5.2.5 Whether marking in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123, Practice D3951, or MIL-STD-129 applies (16.317.4), and
5.2.6 Whether certification is required (Section 1718).
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 The responsibility of furnishing castings that can be laid out and machined to the finished dimensions within the permissible
variations specified, as shown on the blueprints or drawings, shall rest with the producer, except where pattern equipment is
furnished by the purchaser and any dimensional discrepancies can be clearly attributed to the pattern equipment as furnished.
6.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, only aluminum alloy conforming to the requirements of Specification B179 or producer’s
foundry scrap (identified as being made from alloy conforming to Specification B179) shall be used in the remelting furnace from
which molten metal is taken for pouring directly into castings. Additions of small amounts of modifiers and grain refining elements
or alloys are permitted.
6.1.2 Pure materials, recycled materials, and master alloys may be used to make alloys conforming to this specification,
provided chemical analysis can be taken and adjusted to conform to Table 1 prior to pouring any castings.
7. Chemical Composition and Sampling
7.1 The product shall conform to the chemical composition limits prescribed in Table 1. Conformance shall be determined by
the producer by taking samples at the time castings are poured in accordance with Practices E716 and analyzed in accordance with
Test Methods E34, E607, or E1251, or CEN EN 14242. If the producer has determined the composition of the material during
casting, they shall not be required to sample and analyze the finished product.
7.1.1 A sample for determining of chemical composition shall be taken to represent the following:
7.1.1.1 Not more than 2000 lb [1000 kg] of clean castings (gates and risers removed) or a single casting poured from one
furnace.
7.1.1.2 Castings poured continuously from one furnace for not more than eight consecutive hours.
B686/B686M − 18
A
TABLE 3 Mechanical Properties of Specimens Cut from
B
Designated Areas of Casting (Inch-Pound Units)
Alloy Number
Tensile Yield Strength, 0.2Elongation in
Class
Strength, % Offset, min, 2 in. or 4D,
ASTM E527
Number
ANSI H35.1 Former
min, ksi ksi min, %
(UNS)
C
A201.0 A12010 1 60.0 50.0 3
D
2 60.0 50.0 5
354.0 A03540 SC92A 1 47.0 36.0 3
D
2 50.0 42.0 2
C355.0 A33550 SC51 1 41.0 31.0 3
2 44.0 33.0 3
D
3 50.0 40.0 2
A356.0 A13560 SC70B 1 38.0 28.0 5
2 40.0 30.0 3
D
3 45.0 34.0 3
A357.0 A13570 1 45.0 35.0 3
D
2 50.0 40.0 5
A
TABLE 3 Mechanical Properties of Specimens Cut from
B
Designated Areas of Casting (Inch-Pound Units)
Yield
Tensile Elongation
Class Strength,
E
Desig. Strength, in 2 in. or
Number 0.2 % Offset,
min, ksi 4D, min, %
min, ksi
C
A201.0 1 60.0 50.0 3
D
2 60.0 50.0 5
354.0 1 647.0 36.0 3
D
2 50.0 42.0 2
C355.0 1 41.0 31.0 3
2 44.0 33.0 3
D
3 50.0 40.0 2
A356.0 1 38.0 28.0 5
2 40.0 30.0 3
D
3 45.0 34.0 3
A357.0 1 45.0 35.0 3
D
2 50.0 40.0 5
A
For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, each value for
tensile strength and yield strength shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 ksi, and
each value for elongation shall be rounded to the nearest 0.5 %, both in
accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
B
For any casting process utilized, special mold, or sand mold permanent mold
with chills may be used. Properties in other areas may vary with mold process and
foundry techniques used but will be inspected under foundry control (0.1.2).
Special negotiated properties may be called for by the drawing note.
C
Alloy A201.0 is intended for use in the –T7 temper, which provides a high level
of resistance to stress-corrosion cracking when properly heat treated. In other
tempers, alloy A201.0 may exhibit susceptibility to stress-corrosion cracking.
Additionally, its tendency for hot shortness may make alloy A201.0 unsuitable in
some casting designs.
D
This class is obtainable in favorable casting configurations and must be
negotiated with the foundry for particular configuration desired. See Note 1 and
8.3.
E
ASTM alloy designations are in Practice B275.
7.2 If it becomes necessary to analyze castings for conformance to chemical composition limits, the method used to sample
castings for the determination of chemical composition shall be in accordance with Practice B985. Analysis shall be performed in
accordance with Practices E716, Test Methods E34, E607, or E1251, or CEN EN 14242 (ICP method).
8. Preproduction Sample
8.1 In advance of production, unless otherwise specified in the contract or order, two castings heat treated and straightened to
drawing requirements shall be submitted as directed by the purchaser for examination and written approval. One casting shall be
completely laid out by the foundry and identified as the “dimensional sample” for dimensional approval. The other casting shall
be identified as the “foundry control sample” and shall be for all other inspections and requirements as necessary for approval.
8.2 The submitted castings shall be fully representative of the foundry practice that will be used in production. If temporary
gating was used to develop suitable foundry practice, the submitted casting shall be made after the gating has been installed. If
chills are required, their size and location shall also be permanently identified and recorded. Pouring temperature of the submitted
casting shall be recorded. All details of manufacture and processing shall be recorded and documented by photographs, sketches,
specifications, and manufacturing procedures.
B686/B686M − 18
A
TABLE 4 Mechanical Properties of Specimens Cut from
B C
Designated Areas of Casting (SI Units) [Metric]
Alloy Number
Tensile Yield Strength, 0.2
Class Elongation in
Strength, % Offset, min,
ASTM E527
Number 5D, min, %
ANSI H35.1 Former
min, MPa MPa
(UNS)
D
A201.0 A12010 1 415 345 3
E
2 415 345 5
354.0 A03540 SC92A 1 325 250 3
E
2 345 290 2
C355.0 A33550 SC51 1 285 215 3
2 305 230 3
E
3 345 275 2
A356.0 A13560 SC70B 1 260 195 5
2 275 205 3
E
3 310 235 3
A357.0 A13570 1 310 240 3
E
2 345 275 5
A
TABLE 4 Mechanical Properties of Specimens Cut from
B C
Designated Areas of Casting (SI Units) [Metric]
Yield
Tensile Elongation
Class Strength,
F
Desig. Strength, in 5D, min,
Number 0.2 % Offset,
min, MPa %
min, MPa
D
A201.0 1 415 345 3
E
2 415 345 5
354.0 1 325 250 3
E
2 345 290 2
C355.0 1 285 215 3
2 305 230 3
E
3 345 275 2
A356.0 1 260 195 5
2 275 205 3
E
3 310 235 3
A357.0 1 310 240 3
E
2 345 275 5
A
For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, each value for
tensile strength and yield strength shall be rounded to the nearest 1 MPa, and
each value for elongation shall be rounded to the nearest 0.5 %, both in
accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
B
For any casting process utilized, special mold or sand mold, or permanent mold,
with chills may be used. Properties in other areas may vary with mold process and
foundry techniques used but will be inspected under foundry control (8.3). Special
negotiated properties may be called for by the drawing note.
C
Guidelines for metric conversion from the Tempers for Aluminum and Aluminum
Alloys, Metric Edition (Tan Sheets) were used to convert the tensile and yield
values to SI units. Section 15.4 and 15.5.3 state that the “coupons must meet the
tensile property requirements specified,” therefore there has been no reduction in
elongation values during metric conversion.
D
Alloy A201.0 is intended for use in the –T7 temper, which provides a high level
of resistance to stress-corrosion cracking when properly heat treated. In other
tempers, alloy A201.0 may exhibit susceptibility to stress-corrosion cracking.
Additionally, its tendency for hot shortness may make alloy A201.0 unsuitable in
some casting designs.
E
This class is obtainable in favorable casting configurations and must be
negotiated with the foundry for particular configuration desired. See Note 1 and
8.3.
F
ASTM alloy designations are in Practice B275.
8.3 The user of this specification is specifically cautioned to verify the capability of the foundry to competently produce parts
to the specification. On-site survey should be performed to verify the producers’ technical, manufacturing, and quality control
capabilities. Verification of properties of sample test parts is suggested. The ability to produce guaranteed property castings requires
technical knowledge, foundry technique, and vigorous controls uncommon to conventional foundries.
9. Radiographic Soundness and Mechanical Property Control
9.1 Prior to production, radiographic and mechanical property control shall be established. Castings shall be examined by
radiographic methods for internal discontinuities. Sectioning and etching may be performed to determine the presence of internal
discontinuities. Full-size casting or tension specimens machined from castings shall be tested for conformance to the required
mechanical properties. This control shall be continued until the gating and other foundry practices have been established to produce
castings conforming to this specification.
B686/B686M − 18
A
TABLE 5 Mechanical Properties of Specimens Cut from Any
B
Area of Casting (Inch-Pound Units)
Class of
Alloy Number
Tensile Yield Strength, 0.2Elongation in
Mechanical
Strength, % Offset, min, 2 in. or 4,
ASTM E527
Property
C
ANSI H35.1 Former
min, ksi ksi min, %
C
(UNS)
(see 5.1.2)
D
A201.0 A12010 10 60.0 50.0 3
11 56.0 48.0 1.5
354.0 A03540 SC92A 10 47.0 36.0 3
11 43.0 33.0 2
C355.0 A33550 SC51 10 41.0 31.0 3
11 37.0 30.0 1
12 35.0 28.0 1
A356.0 A13560 SG70B 10 38.0 28.0 5
11 33.0 27.0 3
12 32.0 22.0 2
A357.0 A13570 10 38.0 28.0 5
11 41.0 31.0 3
A
TABLE 5 Mechanical Properties of Specimens Cut from Any
B
Area of Casting (Inch-Pound Units)
Class of Yield
Tensile Elongation
Mechanical Strength,
E
Desig. Strength, in 2 in. or 4,
Property 0.2 % Offset,
min, ksi min, %
C C
(see 5.1.2) min, ksi
D
A201.0 10 60.0 50.0 3
11 56.0 48.0 1.5
354.0 10 47.0 36.0 3
11 43.0 33.0 2
C355.0 10 41.0 31.0 3
11 37.0 30.0 1
12 35.0 28.0 1
A356.0 10 38.0 28.0 5
11 33.0 27.0 3
12 32.0 22.0 2
A357.0 10 38.0 28.0 5
11 41.0 31.0 3
A
For any casting process utilized, special mold or sand mold, or permanent mold,
with chills may be used. Properties in other areas may vary with mold process and
foundry techniques used but will be inspected under foundry control (8.3). Special
negotiated properties may be called for by the drawing note.
B
For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, each value for
tensile strength and yield strength shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 ksi, and
each value for elongation shall be rounded to the nearest 0.5 %, both in
accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
C
For any alloy, yield strength will be reasonably consistent throughout the casting.
This should be considered when selecting combinations of classes from Table 3
and Table 5. See Note 1 and 8.3.
D
Alloy A201.0 is intended for use in the –T7 temper, which provides a high level
of resistance to stress-corrosion cracking when properly heat treated. In other
tempers, alloy A201.0 may exhibit susceptibility to stress-corrosion cracking.
Additionally, its tendency for hot shortness may make alloy A201.0 unsuitable in
some casting designs.
E
ASTM alloy designations are in Practice B275.
9.1.1 Radiographic Requirements—After the foundry control methods have been established as specified in 8.1, 8.2, and 8.3,
castings shall be radi
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