ASTM D8080-21

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D8080 −21
Standard Specification for
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Liquefied Natural Gas
(LNG) Used as a Motor Vehicle Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8080; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This specification defines the minimum fuel quality
requirements for gaseous fuels consisting primarily of methane
2. Referenced Documents
when used as an internal combustion engine fuel.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This specification defines the criteria for compressed
D1142 Test Method for Water Vapor Content of Gaseous
natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), or biogas
Fuels by Measurement of Dew-Point Temperature
when used as a fuel for internal combustion engines in motor
D1945 Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas
vehicles.
Chromatography
D3588 Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility
1.3 This specification covers the needs of internal combus-
tion engines designed for use in motor vehicles. Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
D4150 Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
1.4 Fuels that have been enriched with hydrogen are outside
D4468 Test Method for Total Sulfur in Gaseous Fuels by
the scope of this specification.
Hydrogenolysis and Rateometric Colorimetry
1.5 This specification applies to the fuel as delivered into
D5454 Test Method for Water Vapor Content of Gaseous
the on-board fuel tanks of a motor vehicle either as a
Fuels Using Electronic Moisture Analyzers
compressed gas or cryogenic liquified gas.
D5504 TestMethodforDeterminationofSulfurCompounds
in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatogra-
1.6 This specification may serve as a guide to gaseous fuel
phy and Chemiluminescence
quality requirements for internal combustion engines used in
D6228 TestMethodforDeterminationofSulfurCompounds
stationary applications.
in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatogra-
1.7 This specification is not a natural gas pipeline standard;
phy and Flame Photometric Detection
those requirements are determined by national and regional
D6968 Test Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Sul-
tariffs.
fur Compounds and Minor Hydrocarbons in Natural Gas
1.8 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography and Atomic
as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are Emission Detection
provided for information only and are not considered standard. D7165 Practice for Gas Chromatograph Based On-line/At-
line Analysis for Sulfur Content of Gaseous Fuels
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D7493 Test Method for Online Measurement of Sulfur
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Chromatograph and Electrochemical Detection
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D7551 Test Method for Determination of Total Volatile
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Sulfur in Gaseous Hydrocarbons and Liquefied Petroleum
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
Gases and Natural Gas by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D7607 Test Method for Analysis of Oxygen in Gaseous
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Fuels (Electrochemical Sensor Method)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D7651 Test Method for Gravimetric Measurement of Par-
ticulate Concentration of Hydrogen Fuel
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D03 on
Gaseous Fuels and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D03.92 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Terminology Classification and Specifications. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published May 2021. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D8080-21. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D8080−21
D7833 Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons and 4.5 Sample Size—Avolume of sample suitable for perform-
Non-Hydrocarbon Gases in Gaseous Mixtures by Gas ing fuel quality measurements as listed in Table 1 is required.
Chromatography This should be determined in consultation with the testing
D7904 Test Method for Determination of Water Vapor laboratory.
(Moisture Concentration) in Natural Gas by Tunable
4.6 Follow all safety procedures when sampling natural gas.
Diode Laser Spectroscopy (TDLAS)
4.6.1 Never store LNG in a sealed container.
D8221 Practice for Determining the Calculated Methane
NOTE 1—Warning: Natural gas is a highly flammable substance and
Number (MN ) of Gaseous Fuels Used in Internal Com-
C
poses an asphyxiation hazard. Always perform measurements in a
bustion Engines
well-ventilated location in the absence of flames or spark sources. CNG
D8230 Test Method for Measurement of Volatile Silicon-
and LNG containers can pose an explosion hazard if not handled properly.
Containing Compounds in a Gaseous Fuel Sample Using
CNG is stored at high pressures and can pose both an explosion and
freezing hazard because of a sudden release of gas. LNG is a cryogenic
Gas Chromatography with Spectroscopic Detection
liquid and can pose a freezing hazard and an explosion hazard as result of
2.2 ISO Standard:
liquid vaporization.
ISO 6976 Natural gas – Calculation of calorific values,
5. Detailed Chemical Composition, and Other
density, relative density and Wobbe index from composi-
Requirements
tion
5.1 Natural gas used as a fuel for internal combustion
2.3 ASHRAE Standard:
engines in motor vehicles fuel shall conform to the detailed
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Condi-
requirements of Table 1.
tioning Engineer’s (ASHRAE) Handbook 1989 Funda-
mentals Volume
5.2 The criteria contained within this specification were
primarily constructed from data collected from North Ameri-
3. Terminology
can natural gas distribution systems and engine and vehicle
manufacturers. As the data ensemble increases, this specifica-
3.1 For definitions of general terms used in D03 Gaseous
tion may be revised based upon the additional data.
Fuels standards, refer to Terminology D4150.
3.2 Acronyms:
6. Workmanship
3.2.1 CFR—cooperative fuel research
6.1 The gaseous fuel shall be free of any adulterants or
3.2.2 CNG—compressed natural gas
contaminants that can render the fuel unacceptable for its
3.2.3 HHV—higher heating value
intended use in an internal combustion engine.
3.2.4 LHV—lower heating value
7. Test Methods
3.2.5 LNG—liquified natural gas
7.1 Requirements satisfying this specification shall be de-
3.2.6 MN—methane number
termined in accordance with the methods listed below.
3.2.7 MNc—calculated methane number
7.2 Composition—Test Method D7833 or D1945. Test
3.2.8 MON—motor octane number
Method D7833 is preferred. All composition values shall be
calculated in % by Volume. The volume composition of the
4. Sampling
gaseous fuel shall be determined for component amount of 0.1
% or more.
4.1 Review relevant test methods prior to sampling to
understand the importance and effects of sampling technique,
7.3 Calculated Methane Number MNc—Practice D8221.
proper containers, and any special handling required for each
The MNc is determined from the composition of the fuel.
test method.
7.4 Wobbe Index—ISO 6976-95. The Wobbe Index shall be
4.2 Samples shall be collected directly from the fuel dis-
calculated based on the higher heating value at the reference
penser.
conditions of 101.325 kPa and 15.55 °C.
4.3 CNG samples shall be representative of the product as
7.5 Lower Heating Values—Test Method D3588. Calcula-
dispensedintoanon-boardmotorvehiclefueltankandshallbe
tions shall be made at the reference conditions of 101.325 kPa
collected by a suitable sampling procedure.
and 15.55 °C.
4.4 LNG samples shall be representative of the product as
7.6 Hydrogen—Test Methods D7833 or D1945. Test
dispensedintoanon-boardmotorvehiclefueltankandshallbe
Method D7833 is preferred.
collected by a suitable sampling procedure.
7.7 Oxygen—Test Methods D7833, D1945,or D7607. Test
Method D7833 is preferred.
7.8 Water Dew Point—Test Methods D1142, D5454,or
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
D7904.
Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Switzerland, https://www.iso.org.
7.9 Total Sulfur—Test Methods D4468, D5504, D6228,
Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
D6968, D7165, D7493,or D7551. The conce
...