ASTM C940-22

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Designation: C940 − 16 C940 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Expansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts for
Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C940; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the amount of expansion and accumulation of bleed water at the surface of freshly mixed
hydraulic-cement grout commonly used in the production of preplaced-aggregate (PA) concrete and cementitious post-tensioning
tendon grouts.
1.2 It is for use with hydraulic cement grout whether or not it includes fine aggregate or supplemental cementitious materials or
both.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of
the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety
safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic and Other Inorganic Cements
C937 Specification for Grout Fluidifier for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete
C1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
E1272 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cylinders
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology C125 and Terminology C219.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Grout is placed in a graduated cylinder. Changes in total volume and accumulation of bleed water, if any, on the surface of
the grout are observed over a period of time.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.41 on
Hydraulic Cement Grouts.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016Oct. 1, 2022. Published March 2016October 2022. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20102016 as
C940–10a.–16. DOI: 10.1520/C0940-16.10.1520/C0940-22.
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C940 − 22
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is useful for determining the expansion and bleeding characteristics of freshly mixed fluid hydraulic cement
grout commonly used in PA concrete and cementitious post-tensioning tendon grouts.
6. Interferences
6.1 Failure to obtain a uniformly smooth mixture, free of lumps, will cause excessive bleeding and may result in reduced
expansion.
6.2 The capability of most admixtures to produce expansion and the tendency to bleed is related to the temperature of the grout
during the period of test.
7. Apparatus
7.1 Glass Graduate, 1000 mL and meeting the requirements of Specification E1272 Style I or III TC.
7.2 Glass Graduate, 25 mL and meeting the requirements of Specification E1272 Style I or III TC.
7.3 Temperature Measuring Device, meeting the requirements of Test Method C1064/C1064M.
8. Test Sample
8.1 The grout test sample shall consist of approximately 1500 mL and shall be representative of the grout in the mixer.
9. Procedure
9.1 When sampling and testing are being performed in the laboratory for the purpose of designing or comparing mixtures or for
qualifying admixtures including grout fluidifiers proceed in the following manner:
9.1.1 Maintain the ambient temperature of the room in which the test is performed at 23.0 6 2°C,23.0 °C 6 2 °C, unless otherwise
specified.
9.1.2 Bring the temperature of all dry materials and mixing water to a constant temperature of 23.0 6 2°C23.0 °C 6 2 °C before
mixing, unless otherwise specified.
9.1.3 Start volume measurements within 3 min of completion of mixing.
9.2 When sampling and testing are being performed in the field, record the temperature of the grout specimen and the ambient
temperature of the area in which the test readings are made. Record the time interval between completion of mixing and start of
test.
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