Standard Classification of Chrome, Chrome-Magnesia, Magnesia-Chrome, and Magnesia Brick

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification categorizes the defined types of refractory brick, with the exception of chrome brick, into distinct classes based on a nominal and minimal value for magnesium oxide content. Chrome brick are treated as a separate class without reference to magnesium oxide content. Such classes have historically been generally useful in relating the defined types to specific industrial applications and in developing product or purchasing specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification categorizes machine-made refractory brick defined as chrome, chrome-magnesia, magnesia-chrome, and magnesia brick (see 3.1). It does not cover products made from electrically fused magnesium oxide or products made by fusion casting. Its purpose is to describe classes distinguished by obvious differences in magnesium oxide (MgO) content except for chrome brick.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2022
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories

Relations

Effective Date
01-Oct-2018
Effective Date
01-Apr-2012
Effective Date
01-Apr-2008
Effective Date
15-Dec-2007
Effective Date
10-Dec-2001
Effective Date
10-Dec-2001
Effective Date
10-Dec-2001
Effective Date
10-Dec-2001

Overview

ASTM C455-07(2022): Standard Classification of Chrome, Chrome-Magnesia, Magnesia-Chrome, and Magnesia Brick provides an essential framework for classifying machine-made refractory bricks used in high-temperature, industrial environments. Developed by ASTM International and maintained by ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories, this standard organizes refractory brick types-excluding chrome brick-into classes primarily based on magnesium oxide (MgO) content. The standard facilitates consistent product specification, aids procurement decisions, and supports the development of industrial application guidelines.

Key Topics

  • Classification Criteria:
    The standard classifies chrome-magnesia, magnesia-chrome, and magnesia bricks according to nominal and minimum MgO content, supporting precise material selection. Chrome bricks form a separate category, distinguished by being primarily composed of refractory-grade chrome ore and are not defined by MgO content.

  • Scope and Exclusions:
    ASTM C455-07(2022) applies exclusively to machine-made refractory bricks, specifically excluding those made from electrically fused magnesium oxide or by fusion casting methods.

  • Testing Methods:
    Determination of magnesium oxide content is carried out using a combination of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis with recognized standard reference materials. This ensures reliable classification and supports quality assurance.

  • Applicability and Safety:
    The document notes that users are responsible for establishing safety, health, and environmental practices necessary for the specific application and for complying with relevant regulatory requirements.

Applications

Chrome, chrome-magnesia, magnesia-chrome, and magnesia bricks classified under ASTM C455-07(2022) are widely used in industries that require reliable and high-performance refractory materials. Typical application areas include:

  • Metallurgical Furnaces:
    These bricks line furnaces used in the production of steel, copper, and other metals, where high temperatures and corrosive environments demand superior refractory materials.

  • Cement and Glass Kilns:
    The thermal stability and resistance to chemical attack make classified bricks suitable for use in rotary kilns and glass melting furnaces.

  • Industrial Boilers and Incinerators:
    Refractory linings are critical for maintaining structural integrity and performance in high-temperature boilers and waste incineration plants.

  • Product Specification and Purchasing:
    Manufacturers and end-users employ ASTM C455-07(2022) to draft detailed product specifications and to evaluate bids, ensuring consistent material properties and performance across projects.

Related Standards

  • ASTM C71:
    Terminology Relating to Refractories - provides definitions for key refractory terms used in ASTM C455 and other industry standards.

  • ASTM International Standards related to chemical analysis, refractory testing, and quality assurance in refractory materials.

  • WTO TBT Principles:
    This standard was developed in line with the World Trade Organization’s Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) principles, ensuring international applicability and facilitating global commerce.

Keywords: refractory brick, chrome-magnesia brick, magnesia-chrome brick, magnesia brick, MgO content, ASTM C455, industrial refractories, brick classification, high-temperature ceramics, quality assurance

ASTM C455-07(2022) remains a critical reference for professionals and industries seeking consistent classification and reliable sourcing of refractory bricks, ultimately supporting safety, performance, and cost-effectiveness in a wide range of high-temperature applications.

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ASTM C455-07(2022) - Standard Classification of Chrome, Chrome-Magnesia, Magnesia-Chrome, and Magnesia Brick

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Frequently Asked Questions

ASTM C455-07(2022) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Classification of Chrome, Chrome-Magnesia, Magnesia-Chrome, and Magnesia Brick". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 This classification categorizes the defined types of refractory brick, with the exception of chrome brick, into distinct classes based on a nominal and minimal value for magnesium oxide content. Chrome brick are treated as a separate class without reference to magnesium oxide content. Such classes have historically been generally useful in relating the defined types to specific industrial applications and in developing product or purchasing specifications. SCOPE 1.1 This classification categorizes machine-made refractory brick defined as chrome, chrome-magnesia, magnesia-chrome, and magnesia brick (see 3.1). It does not cover products made from electrically fused magnesium oxide or products made by fusion casting. Its purpose is to describe classes distinguished by obvious differences in magnesium oxide (MgO) content except for chrome brick. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 This classification categorizes the defined types of refractory brick, with the exception of chrome brick, into distinct classes based on a nominal and minimal value for magnesium oxide content. Chrome brick are treated as a separate class without reference to magnesium oxide content. Such classes have historically been generally useful in relating the defined types to specific industrial applications and in developing product or purchasing specifications. SCOPE 1.1 This classification categorizes machine-made refractory brick defined as chrome, chrome-magnesia, magnesia-chrome, and magnesia brick (see 3.1). It does not cover products made from electrically fused magnesium oxide or products made by fusion casting. Its purpose is to describe classes distinguished by obvious differences in magnesium oxide (MgO) content except for chrome brick. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM C455-07(2022) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 81.080 - Refractories. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ASTM C455-07(2022) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM C71-12(2018), ASTM C71-12, ASTM C71-08, ASTM C71-07, ASTM C71-00, ASTM C71-00a, ASTM C71-01, ASTM C71-01a. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

ASTM C455-07(2022) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C455 −07 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Classification of
Chrome, Chrome-Magnesia, Magnesia-Chrome, and
Magnesia Brick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C455; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This classification categorizes machine-made refractory
4.1 This classification categorizes the defined types of
brick defined as chrome, chrome-magnesia, magnesia-chrome,
refractory brick, with the exception of chrome brick, into
and magnesia brick (see 3.1). It does not cover products made
distinct classes based on a nominal and minimal value for
from electrically fused magnesium oxide or products made by
magnesium oxide content. Chrome brick are treated as a
fusion casting. Its purpose is to describe classes distinguished
separate class without reference to magnesium oxide content.
by obvious differences in magnesium oxide (MgO) content
Such classes have historically been generally useful in relating
except for chrome brick.
the defined types to specific industrial applications and in
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the developing product or purchasing specifications.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Basis of Classification
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.1 Chrome-magnesia, magnesia-chrome, and magnesia
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
brick are classified by MgO content as shown in Table 1.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
Chrome brick is not classified by MgO content (see Table 1).
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
6. Test Methods
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
6.1 The determination of MgO on an ignited basis as
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
required by this classification shall be determined by a com-
bination of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled
2. Referenced Documents
plasma (ICP) using standard reference materials (SRM), in-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cluding various types of minerals and refractory materials
C71 Terminology Relating to Refractories
which are available from the National Institute of Standards
NOTE 1—Chemical analysis of refractory product is determined by a and Technology and other appropriate sources.
combination of X-ray fluorscence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma
(ICP) using standard reference materials (SRM), including various types
7. Retests
of minerals and refractory materials which are available from the National
Institute of Standards and Technology and other appropriate sources.
7.1 Because of variables resulting from sampling and the
lack of satisfactory reproducibility in tests conducted by
3. Terminology
diff
...

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