ASTM F2682-07(2012)e1

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: F2682 − 07 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Guide for
Determining the Buoyancy to Weight Ratio of Oil Spill
Containment Boom
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2682; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made to Sections 3, 6, 7, and 9 in June 2012.
1. Scope ciple is based on Archimedes Law, which states that a body
either wholly or partially immersed in a fluid will experience
1.1 This guide describes a practical method for determining
an upward force equal and opposite to the weight of the fluid
the buoyancy to weight (B/W) ratio of oil spill containment
displaced by it.
booms.
4.2 Unless otherwise specified, when used in this guide, the
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
term buoyancy to weight ratio (B/W ratio) refers to the gross
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
buoyancy to weight ratio. Buoyancy is an indicator of a spill
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
response boom’s ability to follow the water surface when
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
exposed to current forces, fouling due to microbial growth
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(which adds weight), and wave conditions. Surface conditions
2. Referenced Documents
otherthanquiescentwillhaveanadverseeffectoncollectionor
containment performance. When waves are present, confor-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mance to the surface is essential to prevent losses. Minimum
F818 Terminology Relating to Spill Response Barriers
buoyancy to weight ratios for oil spill containment booms are
F1523 Guide for Selection of Booms in Accordance With
specifiedinGuideF1523forvariousenvironmentalconditions.
Water Body Classifications
4.3 This guide provides the methodology necessary to
3. Terminology
determine the buoyancy to weight ratio using a fluid displace-
3.1 boom section—length of boom between two end
ment method. This method is typically applied to booms
connectors. F818
having relatively low B/W ratios (in the range of 2:1 to 10:1).
3.2 boom segment—repetitive identical portion of the boom
Booms with greater buoyancies may also be tested in this
section. F818
manner. It is acceptable to use calculation methods to estimate
boom displacement for booms with buoyancies greater than
3.3 buoyancy to weight ratio—gross buoyancy divided by
10:1, where the potential error in doing so would have a less
boom weight. F818
significant effect on performance.
3.4 gross buoyancy—weight of fresh water displaced by a
4.4 WhenevaluatingtheB/Wratioofaspillresponseboom,
boom totally submerged.
consideration must be given to the inherent properties of the
3.5 reservebuoyancy—gross buoyancy minus boom weight.
boom that may affect the net B/W ratio while in use. These
F818
considerations include, but are not limited to, absorption of
4. Significance and Use
fluids into flotation materials, membranes that are abraded
during normal use, and entry of water into components of the
4.1 This guide describes a method of determining the
boom.
buoyancy to weight ratio of spill response booms. The prin-
4.5 The entry of water into boom components is of particu-
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
lar concern with booms that contain their flotation element
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
within an additional membrane. (This is the case for many
F20.11 on Control.
booms that use rolled-foam flotation and relatively lightweight
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally
material for the boom membrane.) It is also important for
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F2682 – 07. DOI:
10.1520/F2682-07R12E01.
booms that have pockets that enclose cable or chain tension
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
members or ballast. When new, the membrane enclosure may
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
contain air that would result in increased buoyancy. In normal
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. use, the membrane material may be easily abraded such that it
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F2682 − 07 (2012)
would no longer contain air, and water would be allowed in at When placing the boom in the tank, care shall be taken to not
abrasion locations. For such booms, the membrane enclosure introduce folds in the boom skirt that could trap air, and
shall not be considered as part of the flotation of the boom, and orienting the boom in a close to upright position is recom-
the membrane shall be intentionally punctured to allow water mended to aid in this.
to enter during the test procedure.
7.5 Place the submerging grid (or other device to restrain
the boom below water) in position. There shall be enough
5. Summary of Test Method
space for the boom to float freely as the tank is filled.
5.1 Displacement Method—Buoyancy to weight ratio is
7.6 Fill the tank with water and allow sufficient time for
estimated using two key values, the dry weight of the boom
trapped air to escape. Filling the tank to submerge the boom
and the gross buoyancy of the boom. Weight of the boom is
shalltakenolessthanonehour,duringwhichtimetheflotation
measureddirectly.Thegrossbuoyancyisequaltotheweightof
element and the skirt shall be moved around to facilitate the
fresh water displaced by a boom totally submerged. Gross
releaseoftrappedair.(Notethatthismustbedoneperiodically,
buoyancy is measured by submerging the boom, measuring the
and will be difficult or impossible once the boom is submerged
volume of water that is displaced, and calculating the weight of
and its buoyant force is holding the boom against the restrain-
the displaced water.
ing grid.)
7.7 Once the boom and the restraining grid have been
6. Equipment Requirements
submerged, record the volume of water that has been delivered
6.1 This method requires a scale to measure the dry weight
and mark the water level from the datum.
of the boom, an open-top tank sufficient in volume and
7.8 Remove the boom from the tank and empty the tank.
footprint area to physically hold the boom section or segment,
With the boom removed and the restraining grid back in place,
a means of submerging the test section, a fresh water supply,
fill the tank again to the same water level. Record the volume
and a method of accurately measuring the volume of water that
of water that is delivered to achieve this. The difference
is delivered to the tank.Arecommended method of restraining
between this and the measurement in 7.7 will be the displace-
the boom’s buoyant force is to use a fabricated grid of
ment of the boom.
dimensional lumber or steel that fits inside the tank surface
area. The grid would be positioned above the boom such that
8. Accuracy
it holds the boom underwater when the tank is filled.
8.1 Given the use of the
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