ASTM C985M-04(2010)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:C985M −04(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Specification for
Nonreinforced Concrete Specified Strength Culvert, Storm
Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C985M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
1.1 This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipe
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
designed for specified strengths and intended to be used for the
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water and
Products
for the construction of culverts.
C989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and
1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specifi-
Mortars
cation C985.
C1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and
Shotcrete
NOTE 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifica-
tion only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
relationship between field load conditions and the designated strength of
the pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance
3. Terminology
ofthisproductdependsupontheproperselectionofthepipestrength,type
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtoconcrete
of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the
pipe, see Terminology C822.
construction specifications. The owner of the concrete pipe specified
herein is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the
pipe strength specified and provide inspection at the construction site. 4. Basis of Acceptance
4.1 The acceptability of the pipe design shall be determined
2. Referenced Documents
in accordance with Section 9. After the pipe design has been
2.1 ASTM Standards:
accepted, or if the pipe design has been accepted previously in
A82/A82M Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete
accordancewithSection9,productionpipeshallbeacceptedin
Reinforcement
accordance with 4.2.
A185/A185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire
4.2 Acceptance on the Basis of Pipe Load and Material
Reinforcement, Plain, for Concrete
Tests and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for Defects—
A496/A496M Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, for
Determine in accordance with Sections 5, 6, 8, and 11.
Concrete Reinforcement
NOTE 2—It is necessary that samples be selected at random. For
A497/A497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire
guidance, see Practice E105.
Reinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete
A615/A615M SpecificationforDeformedandPlainCarbon- 4.3 Age for Acceptance—Pipe shall be considered ready for
Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement acceptance when it conforms to the requirements as indicated
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates by the specified tests.
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
5. Design and Manufacturing Data
C497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,
or Tile [Metric]
5.1 The manufacturer shall provide the following informa-
tion regarding the pipe unless waived by the owner:
5.1.1 Basis of acceptance and supporting data,
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
5.1.2 Designated pipe strength,
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 on
5.1.3 Physical Characteristics—Diameter, wall thickness,
Non-Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.
laying length, and joint details,
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2010.PublishedJuly2010.Originallyapproved
ϵ1
5.1.4 Admixtures,
in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C985M – 04 . DOI: 10.1520/
C0985M-04R10.
5.1.5 Manufacturing and curing process, and
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1.6 Handling Reinforcement:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1.6.1 Type of reinforcement, applicable reinforcement
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. specification, and grade.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C985M−04 (2010)
5.1.6.2 Placement, placement tolerance, diameter, spacing that the protective covering over the circumferential reinforce-
and cross-sectional area of circumferential, longitudinal, and ment in the wall of the section shall be 25 mm.
special reinforcement.
6.2.2.2 Splices—If the splices are not welded, the reinforce-
ment shall be lapped not less than 20 diameters for deformed
6. Materials and Manufacture
bars, and 40 diameters for plain bars and cold-drawn wire.
When splices are welded and are not lapped to the minimum
6.1 Materials:
requirements above, there shall be a minimum lap of 50 mm
6.1.1 Concrete—The concrete shall consist of cementitious
and pull tests of representative specimens shall develop at least
materials, mineral aggregates, and water.
50 % of the minimum specified strength of the steel.
6.1.2 Cementitious Materials:
6.2.2.3 Spacing—Handling reinforcements shall be indi-
6.1.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements
vidual hoops or shall be formed into a cage or cages. It shall be
for portland cement of Specification C150, or shall be portland
distributed along the length of the pipe section, or one half of
blast-furnace slag cement or portland-pozzolan cement con-
the minimum reinforcement shall be allowed to be placed in
forming to the requirements of Specification C595, except that
each of the extreme quarters of the length of a 2.4-m or less
the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland pozzolan
pipe section, or one third of the minimum reinforcement shall
cement shall be fly ash.
be allowed to be placed in each third of the length of a longer
6.1.2.2 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements
than 2.4-m pipe section. Additionally, at least 75 % of the
of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.
minimum area shall be located not less than one fifteenth of the
6.1.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in
length of the pipe section from any portion of the joint.
ConcreteandMortars(GGBFS)—GGBFSshallconformtothe
6.2.2.4 Area—The minimum area of circumferential han-
requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989.
dling reinforcement shall be equal to 0.06 (D + t) in square
6.1.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious
mm per m of pipe, where “D” equals the designated diameter
Materials—The combination of cementitious materials used in
in mm and “t” equals the wall thickness in mm.
the concrete shall be one of the following:
6.2.2.5 Special Designs— The manufacturer shall be al-
(1) Portland cement only,
lowed to submit special designs to the owner for approval.
(2) Portland blast furnace slag cement only,
Approval shall be based on structural calculations or on load
(3) Slag modified portland cement only,
tests. The minimum ultimate three-edge bearing load shall be
(4) Portland pozzolan cement only,
equal to the weight of the pipe and shall be sustained by the
(5) A combination of portland cement and fly ash, or
pipe after cracking at the top, bottom and sides the full length
(6) A combination of portland cement and ground granu-
of the pipe. The pipe shall also meet the strength requirements
lated blast-furnace slag.
of Section 7 and Section 10 or 11, or both.
(7) Acombination of Portland Cement, Ground Granulated
6.2.3 Joints—Thejointsshallbeofsuchdesignandtheends
BlastFurnaceSlag(nottoexceed25%ofthetotalcementitious
of the concrete pipe sections so formed that when the sections
weight), and Fly Ash (not to exceed 25% of the total cemen-
are laid together they will make a continuous line of pipe with
titious weight).
a smooth interior free from appreciable irregularities in the
6.1.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to the require-
flowline, all compatible with the permissible variations given
ments of Specification C33, except that the requirement for
in Section 8.
gradation shall not apply.
6.2.4 Lift Holes—When agreed upon by the owner, lift eyes
6.1.4 Admixtures and Blends—Admixtures and blends shall
or holes shall be allowed to be provided in each pipe for the
be allowed to be used unless prohibited by the owner.
purpose of handling.
6.1.5 Steel Reinforcement—Reinforcement shall consist of
wire conforming to Specification A82/A82M or Specification
6.3 Synthetic Fibers—Collated fibrillated virgin polypropyl-
A496/A496M, or of wire fabric conforming to Specifications
ene fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturer’s
A185/A185M or Specification A497/A497M, or of bars of
option, in concrete pipe as a nonstructural manufacturing
Grade 300 steel conforming to Specification A615/A615M.
material. Only Type III synthetic fibers designed and manufac-
tured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the
6.2 Manufacture:
requirements of Specification C1116 shall be accepted.
6.2.1 Mixture—The aggregates shall be sized, graded, pro-
portioned, and mixed with cementitious materials, water, and
7. Physical Properties
admixtures,ifany,toproduceahomogeneousconcretemixture
of such quality that the pipe will conform to the design and test
7.1 PipeStrength—Pipestrengthmaybeeitheradesignated
requirements of this specification.
strength or a cracking strength. The designated strength is that
6.2.2 Handling Reinforcement—Circumferential handling
specifiedastheminimumloadrequiredtoproducethecracking
reinforcement shall be provided in all pipe larger than 900 mm
strength when tested in three-edge bearing in accordance with
in diameter.
Test Methods C497M. The cracking strength is the actual
6.2.2.1 Placement—Where one line of circular reinforce- maximum load observed in the three-edge bearing test, and
ment is used, it shall be placed between 30 and 50 % of the shall be assumed to have been reached when any continuous
wall thickness from the inside surface. Where two lines of visible crack caused by the test load exceeds 300 mm in length
circular reinforcement are used, each line shall be so placed measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pipe.
C985M−04 (2010)
NOTE 3—For pipe made without handling steel, the designated strength
specified herein are met. A wall thickness greater than that
is the minimum load required to produce the ordinary nonreinforced pipe
required by the design is not a cause for rejection, except that
load at ultimate failure. For safety reasons, do not look for a visible crack
such pipe shall not be used for tests required in Section 4.
during a three-edge bearing test of pipe without reinforcing.
8.2.5 Straightness Tolerances—Pipe intended to be straight
7.2 Test Equipment and Facilities—The manufacturer shall
shall not vary in alignment more than 10 mm/m of length.
furnish, without charge, all samples, facilities, and personnel
necessary to carry out the tests required by this specification.
9. Acceptance of Design
7.3 Test Methods—The tests for crushing strength shall be
9.1 Acceptance by Tests of Specimens—Three to five repre-
made in accordance with Test Methods C497M. When alter-
sentative specimens, or special test pipe that are shorter than
nativemethodsofloadtestingarespecified,testsshallbemade
standard production pipe, as agreed upon by the owner and
in accordance with the alternative requirements.
manufacturer, shall be tested to cracking strength and the
results recorded. Compute the values in 9.1.1 and 9.1.2 for the
8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
cracking strength.
8.1 Standard Diameters—Pipe shall be manufactured in the
9.1.1 Compute the estimated standard deviation, s,by Eq 1
standard designated internal diameters listed in Table 1.
or Eq 2, that yield identical values, as follows:
NOTE 4—Diameters other than those shown in Table 1 may be
=
available. When such sizes are required, the owner shall contact the s 5 @ ~X 2 X! #/~n 2 1! (1)
( i
manufacturers in the project area.
8.2 Design Tolerances—Except as specified in this section,
s 5 X 2 X /n / n 2 1 (2)
=@ ~ ! # ~ !
( i ( i
all permissible design tolerances shall be provided under
requirements in Section 5. where:
8.2.1 Diameter Tolerances—The internal diameter shall not
X = observed value of the load to develop the cracking
i
vary from the designated diameter by more than 65mmfor
strength,
pipe 300 mm in diameter; by more than 66 mm for pipe 375
X¯ = average (arithmetic mean) of the values of X,
i
or 450 mm in diameter; by more than 68 mm for pipe 525 mm
X¯ = computed minimum allowable arithmetic mean,
s
in diameter; by more than 610 mm for pipe 600 to 900 mm in
n = number of observed values.
diameter; and by more than 61 % for pipe larger than 900 mm
9.1.2 Compute the minimum allowable arithmetic mean, X¯ ,
s
in diameter.
by Eq 3.In Eq 3, the value of the estimated standard deviation,
8.2.2 Handling Reinforcement Placement Tolerances—The
s, shall be as calculated by Eq 1 or Eq 2 or equal to 0.07L,
maximum variation in the nominal position of the reinforce-
whichever is greater.
ment shall be 6 10 % of the wall thickness or 616 mm,
¯
whichever is greater. Pipe having variations in the position of X 5 L11.07 s (3)
s
the reinforcement exceeding those specified above shall be
accepted if the three-edge bearing strength requirements are
where:
met by a representative sample. In no case, however, shall the
L = specification limit (designated strength)
cover over the circumferential reinforcement be less than 13
mm.
9.1.3 The pipe design shall be acceptable if the arithmetic
8.2.3 Laying Length Tolerances—The length of any section
mean X¯ for the cracking strength is equal to or greater than the
of pipe shall not vary more than 13 mm from a specified or
computed values of X¯ , and if all the tested specimens meet or
s
designated design length. The length of two opposite sides of
exceed the specification limit.
anysectionofpipeshallnotvarymorethan6mmor2 %ofthe
9.2 Alternative Acceptance Method—The manufacturer
designated diameter, whichever is larger.
shall be allowed to request approval of designs based on
8.2.4 Wall Thickness Tolerances—The wall thickness shall
empirical evaluations of the strength of the pipe including, but
not be less than the thickness specified under 5.1.3 by more
not limited to, designs based on interpolation between designs
than 5 % or 3 mm for pipe 300 to 600 mm in diameter,
approved in accordance with 10.1, or designs evaluated on the
whichever is greater; and by more than 5 % or 5 mm for pipe
basis of tests othe
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