ASTM D2423-90(2017)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Surface Wax on Waxed Paper or Paperboard
Standard Test Method for Surface Wax on Waxed Paper or Paperboard
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many of the functional properties of waxed paper and paperboard are related to the amount of wax present as a surface film. Test methods which determine wax load by solvent extraction do not differentiate between the wax present as a surface wax layer and that which has penetrated into the substrate. This test method, which mechanically removes the wax, measures the amount on each surface of the substrate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the weight of wax on the surface of waxed paper.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-May-2017
- Technical Committee
- D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2007
Overview
ASTM D2423-90(2017), titled Standard Test Method for Surface Wax on Waxed Paper or Paperboard, is a key international standard developed by ASTM International. This standard specifies a procedure for determining the amount of wax present as a surface film on waxed paper and paperboard using a mechanical method. Unlike solvent extraction methods, which do not distinguish between surface and penetrated wax, the ASTM D2423 test focuses specifically on measuring wax that remains on the outer surfaces. This precise measurement is vital for industries where surface wax directly affects product performance, such as packaging, food wrapping, and industrial applications.
Key Topics
- Surface Wax Determination: The standard outlines a mechanical scraping method to isolate and quantify wax on the paper or paperboard surface, ensuring an accurate assessment of surface wax weight.
- Use of SI Units: All measurements are stated in SI units (grams per square metre), supporting consistency and clarity in international contexts.
- Precision and Repeatability: Guidance is provided for conducting repeatable experiments, with information on statistical precision and reproducibility when testing across different operators and laboratories.
- Safety and Health Practices: Users are responsible for implementing appropriate safety measures and considering relevant regulatory requirements.
- International Standardization: Developed according to WTO standardization principles, ASTM D2423 provides globally recognized, harmonized guidance.
Applications
Organizations use ASTM D2423-90(2017) in various sectors, especially where waxed paper and waxed paperboard are critical to product quality and performance. Key applications include:
- Quality Control: Manufacturers of waxed paper and paperboard employ this test method to ensure product consistency and to meet specific customer or regulatory requirements for surface wax content.
- Packaging Industry: Determining surface wax weight helps assess the barrier properties of packaging used for food, pharmaceuticals, and other sensitive goods.
- Research and Product Development: Researchers and engineers use the standard to evaluate new materials or processes involving waxed surfaces.
- Regulatory Compliance: Certification bodies and auditing professionals may reference this standard during inspections or product validations to ensure adherence to industry benchmarks.
The standard is particularly valuable for applications where the functional characteristics of the end product-such as moisture resistance, printability, and surface finish-are directly affected by the quantity of surface wax.
Related Standards
ASTM D2423-90(2017) references several other ASTM standards relevant to paper and paperboard testing, including:
- ASTM D646 - Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Paper and Paperboard of Aramid Papers (Basis Weight)
- ASTM D585 - Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of Paper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related Product (Withdrawn)
For comprehensive quality evaluation, organizations may also consult related international standards addressing waxed paper properties, basis weight, and barrier performance testing.
Keywords: surface wax, waxed paper, waxed paperboard, ASTM D2423, wax weight, mechanical scraping, quality control, paper packaging standards, SI units, ASTM International
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D2423-90(2017) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Surface Wax on Waxed Paper or Paperboard". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 Many of the functional properties of waxed paper and paperboard are related to the amount of wax present as a surface film. Test methods which determine wax load by solvent extraction do not differentiate between the wax present as a surface wax layer and that which has penetrated into the substrate. This test method, which mechanically removes the wax, measures the amount on each surface of the substrate. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers determination of the weight of wax on the surface of waxed paper. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 Many of the functional properties of waxed paper and paperboard are related to the amount of wax present as a surface film. Test methods which determine wax load by solvent extraction do not differentiate between the wax present as a surface wax layer and that which has penetrated into the substrate. This test method, which mechanically removes the wax, measures the amount on each surface of the substrate. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers determination of the weight of wax on the surface of waxed paper. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D2423-90(2017) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 75.140 - Waxes, bituminous materials and other petroleum products. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D2423-90(2017) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D646-96(2007). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D2423-90(2017) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2423 − 90 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Surface Wax on Waxed Paper or Paperboard
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2423; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 basis weight of paper, n—basis weight is expressed in
grams per square metre. In countries where the metric system
1.1 This test method covers determination of the weight of
is not universal, basis weight is also expressed in pounds per
wax on the surface of waxed paper.
ream.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.2 ream of paper (news and wrapping), n—500 sheets
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
each 610 mm by 914 mm (24 in. by 36 in.).
standard.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—For factors to convert basis weight in
grams per square metre to other commercial reams, see Test
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Method D646.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 The quantity of wax present as a surface film on paper
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
or paperboard is determined through the difference in weight of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
specimens before and after scraping with a razor blade.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5. Significance and Use
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.1 Many of the functional properties of waxed paper and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
paperboard are related to the amount of wax present as a
surface film. Test methods which determine wax load by
2. Referenced Documents
solvent extraction do not differentiate between the wax present
as a surface wax layer and that which has penetrated into the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
substrate. This test method, which mechanically removes the
D585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of
wax, measures the amount on each surface of the substrate.
Paper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related Product
(Withdrawn 2010)
6. Apparatus
D646 Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Paper and
Paperboard of Aramid Papers (Basis Weight) (Withdrawn
6.1 Pad of paper to be used as a cushion under the waxed
2022)
paper specimens during the scraping operation.
6.2 Analytical Balance, capable of reproducing weights to
3. Terminology
the nearest 0.001 g.
3.1 Definitions:
6.3 Razor Blade, single-edged for scraping the wax from the
specimen.
6.4 Trimming Board, or other device for cutting paper
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
specimens. A paper cutter having an attachment for ensuring
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.10 on Properties of Petroleum Waxes and Alternative Wax-like
parallelism of the opposite edge of the trimmed sheet, or a
Materials.
template, or a die cutter is recommended.
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approved
ɛ1
in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2423 – 90(2012) . DOI:
6.5 Measuring Device, capable of measuring the size of the
10.1520/D2423-90R17.
specimen to an accuracy 0.5 mm.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 7. Sampling
the ASTM website.
7.1 Select samples that are free of wrinkles, cuts, or other
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. defects in accordance with Practice D585.
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D2423 − 90 (
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