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ASTM D6462-99

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Silt Fence Installation

Standard Practice for Silt Fence Installation

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers common installation requirements for temporary silt fence applications. This practice is based on AASHTO M288.
1.2 This practice is applicable to the use of silt fence as a vertical permeable interceptor designed to remove suspended soil from overland, nonconcentrated water flow. The function of a temporary silt fence is to trap and allow settlement of soil particles from sediment laden water. The purpose is to greatly limit the transport of eroded soil from the a construction site by water runoff.
1.3 The practices presented herein are intended to ensure good workmanship and quality and are not necessarily adequate for all purposes in view of the wide variety of possible sediments and performance objectives.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in inch-pound units are provided for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-1999
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D18 - Soil and Rock
Drafting Committee
D18.25 - Erosion and Sediment Control Technology
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6462-03 - Standard Practice for Silt Fence Installation
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003

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ASTM D6462-99 - Standard Practice for Silt Fence InstallationASTM D6462-99 - Standard Practice for Silt Fence Installation
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ASTM D6462-99 - Standard Practice for Silt Fence Installation
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 6462 – 99
Standard Practice for
Silt Fence Installation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6462; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 6462 unless otherwise specified in the controlling project
specifications.
1.1 This practice covers common installation requirements
for temporary silt fence applications. This practice is based on
4. Certification
AASHTO M288.
4.1 The contractor shall provide to the engineer all certifi-
1.2 This practice is applicable to the use of silt fence as a
cations required by the controlling material specification.
vertical permeable interceptor designed to remove suspended
soil from overland, nonconcentrated water flow. The function
5. Sampling, Testing, and Acceptance
of a temporary silt fence is to trap and allow settlement of soil
5.1 Silt fence materials shall be subject to sampling and
particles from sediment laden water. The purpose is to greatly
testing in accordance with and to verify conformance with the
limit the transport of eroded soil from the a construction site by
controlling material specification.
water runoff.
1.3 The practices presented herein are intended to ensure
6. Silt Fence Installation
good workmanship and quality and are not necessarily ad-
6.1 Materials—Silt fence materials shall conform to the
equate for all purposes in view of the wide variety of possible
requirements of Section 3. Unless otherwise specified, the silt
sediments and performance objectives.
fence installation shall conform to the following:
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
6.1.1 The geotextile used for temporary silt fence may or
standard. The values in inch-pound units are provided for
may not be supported between posts with wire or polymeric
information only.
mesh.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
6.1.2 The minimum height above ground for the silt fence
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
shall be 750 mm (2.5 ft). Minimum embedment depth shall be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
150 mm (0.5 ft). Thus, the minimum total silt fence height shall
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
be 900 mm (3 ft).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6.1.3 Maximum post spacing shall be based on the fabric
support or, if unsupported, on elongation as measured in
2. Referenced Documents
accordance with Test Method D 4632. Supported silt fence
2.1 ASTM Standards:
shall have a maximum post spacing of 1.2 m (4 ft). Unsup-
D 4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elonga-
2 ported silt fence with elongation $ 50 % shall also have a
tion of Geotextiles
maximum post spacing of 1.2 m (4 ft). Unsupported silt fence
D 6461 Specification For Silt Fence Materials
with elongation < 50 % shall have a maximum post spacing of
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
2 m (6.5 ft).
M288-96 Standard Specification for Geotextile Specifica-
4 6.1.4 Wood, steel, or synthetic support posts having a
tion for Highway Applications
minimum length of 1 m (3.3 ft) plus the burial depth may be
3. Controlling Material Specifications used. They shall be of sufficient strength to resist damage
during installation and to the support applied loads due to
3.1 All materials used for temporary silt fence shall conform
material build up behind the silt fence.
with the specification requirements of ASTM Specification
NOTE 1—It has been found that hardwood posts having dimensions of
at least 30 3 30 mm (1.2 3 1.2 in.), No. 2 Southern Pine at least 65 3 65
mm (2.5 3 2.5 in.) or steel posts of UTL or C shape, weighing 600 g per
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
300 mm (1.3 lb/ft) have performed satisfactorily.
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion and
Sediment Control Technology.
6.1.5 Wire or polymer support fence shall be at least 750
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1999. Published January 2000.
mm (2.5 ft) high and strong enough to support applied loads.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.13.
3 Polymer support fences shall meet the same ultraviolet degra-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
Available from AASHTO. dation requirements as the geotextile.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D6462–99
FIG. 1 Typical Silt Fence Installation Detail
NOTE 2—Wire support fence having at least 6 horizontal wires, and
6.2.4 Place the posts at spacing as shown on the project
being at least 14 gage wire have performed satisfactorily. Vertical wires
plans. Drive posts or place a minimum of 500 mm (1.65 ft) into
should be a maximum of 150 mm (0.5 ft) ap
...

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4.1 Proper installation is critical to effective performance of silt fence. This practice presents procedures for installing and maintaining silt fence that have been shown to result in silt fence installations that effectively redirect and impound surface runoff and, thereby, provide effective sediment control.
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1.1 This practice covers common installation and maintenance procedures for temporary silt fence applications. This practice is based on AASHTO M288.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to the use of silt fence as a vertical permeable interceptor designed to remove suspended soil from overland, non-concentrated water flow. The function of a temporary silt fence is to trap and allow settlement of soil particles from sediment laden water by intercepting and impounding water in an effort to slow the transport velocity and provide storage for sediment to be captured. The purpose is to greatly limit the transport of eroded soil from the construction site by water runoff.  
1.3 The practices presented herein are intended to ensure good workmanship and quality, but do not necessarily apply to the concentrated flow applications.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents, therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This practice offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Geomembranes are used as impermeable barriers to prevent liquids from leaking from landfills, ponds, and other containments. The liquids may contain contaminants that, if released, can cause damage to the environment. Leaking liquids can erode the subgrade, causing further damage. Leakage can result in product loss or otherwise prevent the installation from performing its intended containment purpose. For these reasons, it is desirable that the geomembrane have as little leakage as practical.  
4.2 Geomembrane leaks can be caused by poor quality of the subgrade, poor quality of the material placed on the geomembrane, accidents, poor workmanship, manufacturing defects, and carelessness.  
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SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover standard procedures for using electrical methods to locate leaks in geomembranes covered with water or earthen materials. For clarity, this practice uses the term “leak” to mean holes, punctures, tears, knife cuts, seam defects, cracks, and similar breaches in an installed geomembrane (as defined in 3.2.9).  
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5.1 The determination of the wide-width force-elongation properties of geotextiles provides design parameters for reinforcement type applications, for example, design of reinforced roadways/pavements, reinforced embankments over soft subgrades, reinforced soil retaining walls, and reinforcement of slopes. When strength is not necessarily a design consideration, an alternative test method may be used for acceptance testing. Test Method D4595/D4595M for the determination of the wide-width tensile properties of geotextiles may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geotextiles, but caution is advised since information about between-laboratory precision is incomplete (Note 3). Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.  
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5.1 The determination of the tensile force-elongation values of geogrids provides index property values. This test method shall be used for quality control and acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geogrids.  
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SCOPE
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1.2.2 Method B—Testing multiple geogrid ribs in tension (kN/m or lbf/ft).  
1.2.3 Method C—Testing multiple layers of multiple geogrid ribs in tension (kN/m or lbf/ft).  
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5.1 Installed geomembranes are subjected to forces from more than one direction, including forces perpendicular to the surfaces of the geomembrane. Out-of-plane deformation of a geomembrane may be useful in evaluating materials for caps where subsidence of the subsoil may be problematic.  
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5.4 For applications where geomembranes cannot be deformed in the fashion this test method prescribes, this test method should be considered an index test.  
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SCOPE
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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
4.3 When reinforcement occurs in directions other than machine and cross-machine, scrim are cut at specimen edges, generally lowering results. To partially compensate for this, testing can be performed according to Test Method D7749 or the 2 in. wide strip specimen specified in this method can be utilized. Testing of 1 in. and 2 in. specimens is Method A and Method B, respectively.  
4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control tests used to determine the integrity of thermo-fusion seams made with reinforced geomembranes. Test procedures are described for seam tests for peel and shear properties using strip specimens.  
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1.2.1 Hot Air—This technique introduces high-temperature air between two geomembrane surfaces to facilitate melting. Pressure is applied to the top or bottom geomembrane, forcing together the two surfaces to form a continuous bond.  
1.2.2 Hot Wedge—This technique melts the two geomembrane surfaces to be seamed by running a hot metal wedge between them. Pressure is applied to the top and bottom geomembrane to form a continuous bond. Some seams of this kind are made with dual tracks separated by a non-bonded gap. These seams are sometimes referred to as dual hot wedge seams or double-track seams.  
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1.2.4 Radio Frequency (RF) or Dielectric—High-frequency dielectric equipment is used to generate heat and pressure to form an overlap seam in factory fabrication.  
1.2.5 Impulse—Clamping bars heated by wires or a ribbon melt the sheets clamped between them. A cooling period while still clamped allows the polymer to solidify before being released.  
1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include, but are not limited to, reinforced geomembranes made from the following polymers:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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ASTM
ASTM D5884/D5884M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.  
5.2 The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the relative tear resistance of different reinforcing textiles or different directions in the same reinforcing textiles.  
5.3 Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical difference between their laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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