ASTM E1002-11(2022)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1002 − 11 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Practice for
Leaks Using Ultrasonics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1002; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 Practice A, Pressurization—This practice covers proce- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
E432Guide for Selection of a Leak Testing Method
dures for calibration of ultrasonic instruments, location, and
E543Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
estimated measurements of gas leakage to atmosphere by the
Testing
airborne ultrasonic technique.
E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
1.2 In general practice this should be limited to leaks
2.2 Other Documents:
detected by two classifications of instruments, Class I and
SNT-TC-1ARecommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
ClassII.ClassIinstrumentsshouldhaveaminimumdetectable
−7 −2 3
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
leak rate of 6.7×10 mol/s (1.5×10 std. cm /s at 0°C) or
ANSI/ASNT CP-189ASNT Standard for Qualification and
more for the pressure method of gas leakage to atmosphere.
Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
ClassIIinstrumentsshouldhaveaminimaldetectableleakrate
−6 −1 3
NAS-410Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
of 6.7×10 mol/s (1.5×10 std. cm /s at 0°C) or more for
Personnel
the pressure method of gas leakage to atmosphere. Refer to
Guide E432 for additional information.
3. Terminology
1.3 Practice B, Ultrasonic Transmitter—For object under
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
test not capable of being pressurized but capable of having
practice, see Terminology E1316, Section E.
ultrasonic tone placed/injected into the test area to act as an
ultrasonic leak trace source.
4. Summary of Practice
1.3.1 This practice is limited to leaks producing leakage of
−6 −1 3
6.7×10 mol/s (1.5×10 std. cm /s at 0°C) or greater. 4.1 Practice A—This practice sets minimum requirements
for an ultrasonic detector (Classifications I and II). It provides
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
for sensitivity validation of the detector and gives procedures
standard.
for pressurizing the test object, locating leaks, and estimating
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the leakage rates.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Practice B—This practice sets minimum requirements
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
for an ultrasonic detector used in conjunction with an ultra-
establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental prac-
sonic transmitter. It gives procedures for locating leaks using
tices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
an electronically generated ultrasonic leak tracer source.
prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
5. Basis of Application
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.1 The following items are subject to contractual agree-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ment between parties using or referencing this practice.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.2 Personnel Qualification
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.08 on Leak Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Testing Method. the ASTM website.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2022.PublishedJuly2022.Originallyapproved AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as E1002–11(2018). DOI: 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
10.1520/E1002-11R22. Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
This technique is sometimes called “ultrasonic translation.” WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1002 − 11 (2022)
5.2.1 If specified in the contractual agreement, personnel 8.2.2 The audible response shall consist of the down-
performing examinations to this practice shall be qualified in convertedheterodynedultrasonicsignal.Thisaudiosignalwill
accordance with a national or internationally recognized NDT berepresentativeoftheamplitudeorfrequencycharacteristics,
personnel qualification practice or standard such as ANSI/ or both, of the original ultrasonic signal. Heterodyned signals
ASNT-CP-189, SNT-TC-1A, NAS-410, or a similar document could allow the operator to discriminate audible background
and certified by the employer or certifying agency, as appli- interference as in 7.2.
cable.The practice or standard used and its applicable revision 8.2.3 The instrument shall be equipped with a sensitivity
shall be identified in the contractual agreement between the controlorgainadjustment,orboth,toachievetheconditionsof
using parties. 9.3.3.
8.2.4 The internal power supply shall be regulated to
5.3 Qualification of Nondestructive Agencies—If specified
providerepeatabilityofthesensitivitysetpointtowithin 65%
in the contractual agreement, NDT agencies shall be qualified
of full scale over the full range of battery condition.
and evaluated as described in Practice E543. The applicable
8.2.5 The instrument may include additional features which
revisionofPracticeE543shallbeinthecontractualagreement.
could enhance leak detection such as frequency controls or
meter/display response selection, or both.
6. Significance and Use
8.3 Other Apparatus—Pressure gages, valves, and piping as
6.1 Practice A—This practice is useful for locating and
required.
estimating the size of pressurized gas leaks, either as a quality
8.4 Ultrasonic Transmission
controltestorasafieldinspectionprocedure.Itisalsovaluable
as a pretest before other more time consuming and more 8.4.1 The system shall consist of an apparatus described in
8.1 – 8.3 with the addition of an ultrasonic transmitter.
sensitive leak tests are employed. It should not be used
exclusively to locate highly toxic or explosive gas leaks. 8.4.2 The transmitter shall produce an ultrasound peaked
between the frequencies of 38 to 42 kHz.
6.2 Practice B—This practice is useful for locating leaks in
8.4.3 The output of the transmitter transducer shall be in
systems that are not under pressure or vacuum as either a
excess of 100 dB at 1 ft.
quality control or a field inspection procedure. It is not useful
8.4.4 The intensity of the output may be adjustable.
for estimating the size of a leak. It is also valuable as a pretest
8.4.5 Theheterodynedsignalreceivedbytheultrasonicleak
before leak tests using pressurized gas methods and more
detection system from the ultrasonic transmitter must be easily
sensitive leak tests are employed.
identified and recognized as the ultrasonic tracer source.
8.4.6 The internal power supply shall be regulated and be
7. Interferences
sufficient to produce the required output (see 8.4.3).
7.1 The areas to be tested must be free of oil, grease, paint,
8.4.7 The transmitter may include additional features that
and other contaminants that might mask a leak.
could enhance the leak detection process such as a warble tone
7.2 Under certain conditions background noise detected by transmission and amplitude adjustments.
the instrument can prevent the detection of relevant leakage.
9. Calibration
Thisbackgroundnoisecanresultfromequipmentvibrationand
air movement due, for example, to wind, or air-cooled motors, 9.1 Calibration/Sensitivity Validation—The ultrasonic in-
aircraft engines, pneumatic systems, etc.
strument should be calibrated or have the sensitivity validated
before each initial use.
7.3 Use of earphones is required
...