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ASTM E3039-16

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Crack-Tip-Opening Angle of Pipe Steels Using DWTT Specimens

Standard Test Method for Determination of Crack-Tip-Opening Angle of Pipe Steels Using DWTT Specimens

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of fracture propagation toughness in terms of the steady-state crack-tip-opening angle (CTOA) using the drop-weight tear test (DWTT) specimen. The method is applicable to pipe steels that exhibit predominantly ductile fracture with at least 85% shear area measured according to Test Method E436 - Standard Test Method for Drop-Weight Tear Tests of Ferritic Steels. This test method applies to steel pipes with wall thicknesses between 6 mm and 20 mm.  
1.2 In terms of apparatus, specimen design, and test methodology, this test method draws from Test Method E436 and API 5L3 - Recommended Practice for Conducting Drop-Weight Tear Tests on Line Pipe.  
1.3 The development of this test method has been driven by the need to design for fast ductile fracture arrest of axial running cracks in steel high-pressure gas pipelines (1). 2The purpose has been to develop a test to characterize fracture propagation resistance in a form suitable for use as a pipe mill test (2). The traditional Charpy test has been shown to be inadequate for modern high toughness pipe steels (1). This test method measures fracture propagation resistance in terms of crack-tip opening angle, and is used to characterize pipe steels.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard values; those given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2016
ICS
77.080.20 - Steels
Technical Committee
E08 - Fatigue and Fracture
Drafting Committee
E08.07 - Fracture Mechanics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E3039-18 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Crack-Tip-Opening Angle of Pipe Steels Using DWTT-Type Specimens
Effective Date
01-Nov-2018

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ASTM E3039-16 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Crack-Tip-Opening Angle of Pipe Steels Using DWTT SpecimensASTM E3039-16 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Crack-Tip-Opening Angle of Pipe Steels Using DWTT Specimens
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ASTM E3039-16 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Crack-Tip-Opening Angle of Pipe Steels Using DWTT Specimens
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E3039 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Crack-Tip-Opening Angle of Pipe Steels
1
Using DWTT Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of fracture
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
propagation toughness in terms of the steady-state crack-tip-
ASTM Test Methods
openingangle(CTOA)usingthedrop-weightteartest(DWTT)
E436 Test Method for Drop-Weight Tear Tests of Ferritic
specimen. The method is applicable to pipe steels that exhibit
Steels
predominantly ductile fracture with at least 85% shear area
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
measured according to Test Method E436 - Standard Test
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
Method for Drop-Weight Tear Tests of Ferritic Steels. This test
E1823 TerminologyRelatingtoFatigueandFractureTesting
method applies to steel pipes with wall thicknesses between 6
E1942 Guide for Evaluating DataAcquisition Systems Used
mm and 20 mm.
in Cyclic Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics Testing
E2298 Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of
1.2 In terms of apparatus, specimen design, and test
Metallic Materials
methodology, this test method draws from Test Method E436
E2472 Test Method for Determination of Resistance to
and API 5L3 - Recommended Practice for Conducting Drop-
Stable Crack Extension under Low-Constraint Conditions
Weight Tear Tests on Line Pipe.
4
2.2 ISO Standards:
1.3 The development of this test method has been driven by
ISO 22889 Metallic materials — Method of Test for the
the need to design for fast ductile fracture arrest of axial
Determination of Resistance to Stable Crack Extension
2
running cracks in steel high-pressure gas pipelines (1). The
Using Specimens of Low Constraint
purpose has been to develop a test to characterize fracture ISO 14456 Steel — Charpy V-notch Pendulum Impact Test
propagation resistance in a form suitable for use as a pipe mill — Instrumented Test Method
5
2.3 API Recommended Practice:
test (2). The traditional Charpy test has been shown to be
API Recommended Practice 5L3 Drop-WeightTearTests on
inadequate for modern high toughness pipe steels (1). This test
Line Pipe
method measures fracture propagation resistance in terms of
crack-tip opening angle, and is used to characterize pipe steels.
3. Terminology
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Symbols:
standard values; those given in parentheses are for information
a = crack size, mm
only.
a = initial notch depth, mm
n
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
b = specimen ligament size (b=W-a),mm
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
b = initial ligament size (b =W-a ),mm
0 0 n
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
C = full-size Charpy V-notch absorbed energy, J
v
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
B = specimen thickness, mm
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
and Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.07 on Fracture the ASTM website.
4
Mechanics. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published June 2016. DOI: 10.1520/ Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
E3039–16 Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
2 5
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,
this standard. Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3039 − 16
defined as the angle between the crack flanks extending from
L = specimen length, mm
the crack tip to a distance B/2 along the crack surface. This
M = total mass of the moving striker (hammer), kg
parameter may be compared with optical measurements made,
P = force, kN
P = maximumforceappliedbythehammerduringthetest, for example, using pictures of the specimen surface taken with
m
kN a h
...

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ASTM E3039-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Crack-Tip-Opening Angle of Ferritic Steels Using DWTT-Type Specimens

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of fracture propagation toughness in terms of the steady-state crack-tip-opening angle (CTOA) using the drop-weight tear test (DWTT)-type specimen. The method is applicable to ferritic steels that exhibit predominantly ductile fracture with at least 85 % shear area measured according to Test Method E436 - Standard Test Method for Drop-Weight Tear Tests of Ferritic Steels. This test method applies to ferritic steels with thicknesses between 6 mm and 20 mm. Annex A1 describes the method to test ferritic steels with thicknesses between 20 mm to 32 mm.  
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1.3 The development of this test method has been driven by the need to design for fast ductile fracture arrest of axial running cracks in steel high-pressure gas pipelines (1). 2The purpose has been to develop a test to characterize fracture propagation resistance in a form suitable for use as a pipe mill test (2). The traditional Charpy test has been shown to be inadequate for modern high toughness pipe steels (1). This test method measures fracture propagation resistance in terms of crack-tip opening angle, and is used to characterize ferritic steels.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers alloy steel and stainless steel bolting material for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications. Ferritic steels shall be properly heat treated as best suits the high temperature characteristics of each grade. Immediately after rolling or forging, the bolting material shall be allowed to cool to a temperature below the cooling transformation range. The chemical composition requirements for each alloy are presented in details. The steel shall not contain an unspecified element for ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to the requirements of another grade for which that element is a specified element. The tensile property and hardness property requirements are discussed, the tensile property requirement is highlighted by a full size fasteners, wedge tensile testing.
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1.1 This specification2 covers alloy and stainless steel bolting materials and bolting components for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. Bars and wire shall be hot-wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be carbide solution treated or carbide solution treated and strain-hardened. When strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered, the purchaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly understood.  
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Note 1: The committee formulating this specification has included several steel types that have been rather extensively used for the present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent.
Note 2: For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use at the lower range of high temperature applications, reference should be made to Specification A354.
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4.1 A pressure vessel surveillance program requires a methodology for relating radiation-induced changes in materials exposed in accelerated surveillance locations to the condition of the pressure vessel (see Practice E853). An important consideration is that the irradiation exposures be expressed in a unit that is physically related to the damage mechanisms.  
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5.1 This test method for the spectrometric analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use this test method will be analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
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1.1 This test method covers the simultaneous determination of 21 alloying and residual elements in carbon and low-alloy steels by spark atomic emission vacuum spectrometry in the mass fraction ranges shown Note 1.
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Applicable Range,
Mass Fraction %A  
Quantitative Range,
Mass Fraction %B  
Aluminum  
0 to 0.093  
0.006 to 0.093  
Antimony  
0 to 0.027  
0.006 to 0.027  
Arsenic  
0 to 0.1  
0.003 to 0.1  
Boron  
0 to 0.007  
0.0004 to 0.007  
Calcium  
0 to 0.003  
0.002 to 0.003  
Carbon  
0 to 1.1  
0.02 to 1.1  
Chromium  
0 to 8.2  
0.007 to 8.14  
Cobalt  
0 to 0.20  
0.006 to 0.20  
Copper  
0 to 0.5  
0.006 to 0.5  
LeadC  
0 to 0.2  
0.002 to 0.2    
Manganese  
0 to 2.0  
0.03 to 2.0  
Molybdenum  
0 to 1.3  
0.007 to 1.3  
Nickel  
0 to 5.0  
0.006 to 5.0  
Niobium  
0 to 0.12  
0.003 to 0.12  
Nitrogen  
0 to 0.015  
0.01 to 0.055  
Phosphorous  
0 to 0.085  
0.006 to 0.085  
Silicon  
0 to 1.54  
0.02 to 1.54  
Sulfur  
0 to 0.055  
0.001 to 0.055  
Tin  
0 to 0.061  
0.005 to 0.061    
Titanium  
0 to 0.2  
0.001 to 0.2    
Vanadium  
0 to 0.3  
0.003 to 0.3    
Zirconium  
0 to 0.05  
0.01 to 0.05
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are used to detect surface losses in carbon content due to heating at elevated temperatures, as in hot working or heat treatment.  
5.2 Results of such tests may be used to qualify material for shipment according to agreed upon guidelines between purchaser and manufacturer, for guidance as to machining allowances, or to assess the influence of processing upon decarburization tendency.  
5.3 Screening tests are simple, fast, low-cost tests designed to separate non-decarburized samples from those with appreciable decarburization. Based on the results of such tests, the other procedures may be utilized as applicable.  
5.4 Microscopical tests require a metallographically polished cross section to permit reasonably accurate determination of the depth and nature of the decarburization present. Several methods may be employed for estimation of the depth of decarburization. The statistical accuracy of each varies with the amount of effort expended.  
5.5 Microindentation hardness methods are employed on polished cross sections and are most suitable for hardened specimens with reasonably uniform microstructures. This procedure can be used to define the depth to a specific minimum hardness or the depth to a uniform hardness.  
5.6 Chemical analytical methods are limited to specimens with simple, uniform shapes and are based on analysis of incremental turnings or after milling at fixed increments.  
5.7 Microscopical tests are generally satisfactory for determining the suitability of material for intended use, specification acceptance, manufacturing control, development, or research.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for estimating the depth of decarburization of steels irrespective of the composition, matrix microstructure, or section shape. The following basic procedures may be used:  
1.1.1 Screening methods.  
1.1.2 Microscopical methods.  
1.1.3 Microindentation hardness methods.  
1.1.4 Chemical analysis methods.  
1.2 In case of a dispute, the rigorous quantitative or lineal analysis method (see 7.3.5 and 7.3.6) shall be the referee method. These methods can be employed with any cross-sectional shape. The chemical analytical methods generally reveal a greater depth of decarburization than the microscopical methods but are limited to certain simple shapes and by availability of equipment. These techniques are generally reserved for research studies. The microindentation hardness method is suitable for accurate measurements of hardened structures with relatively homogeneous microstructures.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A255-20a(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the hardenability of steel by the end-quench or Jominy test. The test consists of water quenching one end of a cylindrical test specimen 1.0 in. in diameter and measuring the hardening response as a function of the distance from the quenched end.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the identification and description of test methods for determining the hardenability of steels. The two test methods include the quantitative end-quench or Jominy Test and a method for calculating the hardenability of steel from the chemical composition based on the original work by M. A. Grossman.  
1.2 The selection of the test method to be used for determining the hardenability of a given steel shall be agreed upon between the supplier and user. The Certified Material Test Report shall state the method of hardenability determination.  
1.3 The calculation method described in these test methods is applicable only to the range of chemical compositions that follow:    
Element  
Range, %  
Carbon  
0.10–0.70  
Manganese  
0.50–1.65  
Silicon  
0.15–0.60  
Nickel  
1.50 max  
Chromium  
1.35 max  
Molybdenum  
0.55 max  
Copper  
0.35 max  
Vanadium  
0.20 max  
1.4 Hardenability is a measure of the depth to which steel will harden when quenched from its austenitizing temperature (Table 1). It is measured quantitatively, usually by noting the extent or depth of hardening of a standard size and shape of test specimen in a standardized quench. In the end-quench test the depth of hardening is the distance along the specimen from the quenched end which correlates to a given hardness level.    
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    26 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off