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ASTM D2225-92(1997)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Silicone Fluids Used for Electrical Insulation

Standard Test Methods for Silicone Fluids Used for Electrical Insulation

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of silicone fluids for use in transformers, capacitors, and electronic assemblies as an insulating or cooling medium, or both. These methods are generally suitable for specification acceptance, factory control, referee testing, and research.
1.2 Although some of the test methods listed here apply primarily to petroleum-based fluids, they are, with minor revisions, equally applicable to silicone fluids.
1.3 Silicone fluids are used for electrical insulating purposes because of their stable properties at high and low temperatures and their relative environmental inertness.
1.4 A list of the properties and standards are as follows:  Property Measured Section ASTM Test Method Physical: Color 6 D 2129 Flash point 7 D 92 Fire point 7 D 92 Polychlorinated biphenyl 8 D 4059 content Pour point 9 D 97 Refractive index 10 D 1807 Specific gravity 11 D 1298, D 1481, D 4052 Volatility 12 D 4559 Viscosity 13 D 445, D 2161 Chemical: Neutralization number 14 D 974 Water content 15 D 1533 Electrical: Relative permittivity 16 D 924 2 Dielectric breakdown 17 D 877 3 voltage Dissipation factor 18 D 924 2 Specific resistance 19 D 1169 2 Compatibility 20 D 5282
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.>

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-1997
ICS
29.040.10 - Insulating oils
Technical Committee
D27 - Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
Drafting Committee
D27.02 - Gases and Non-Mineral Oil Liquids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D2225-04 - Standard Test Methods for Silicone Fluids Used for Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D877/D877M-19 - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
Effective Date
10-Apr-1997
Referred By
ASTM D5282-05(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Material with Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
10-Apr-1997
Referred By
ASTM D4652-20 - Standard Specification for Silicone Liquid Used for Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
10-Apr-1997
Referred By
ASTM D1816-12(2019) - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using VDE Electrodes
Effective Date
10-Apr-1997

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ASTM D2225-92(1997) - Standard Test Methods for Silicone Fluids Used for Electrical InsulationASTM D2225-92(1997) - Standard Test Methods for Silicone Fluids Used for Electrical Insulation
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ASTM D2225-92(1997) - Standard Test Methods for Silicone Fluids Used for Electrical Insulation
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D 2225–92 (Reapproved 1997)
Standard Test Methods for
Silicone Fluids Used for Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2225; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of silicone fluids 2.1 ASTM Standards:
foruseintransformers,capacitors,andelectronicassembliesas D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
an insulating or cooling medium, or both. These methods are Open Cup
generally suitable for specification acceptance, factory control, D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
referee testing, and research. D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
1.2 Although some of the test methods listed here apply and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
primarily to petroleum-based fluids, they are, with minor Viscosity)
revisions, equally applicable to silicone fluids. D 877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
1.3 Siliconefluidsareusedforelectricalinsulatingpurposes Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
because of their stable properties at high and low temperatures D 923 Test Methods for Sampling Electrical Insulating
and their relative environmental inertness. Liquids
1.4 A list of the properties and standards are as follows: D 924 TestMethodforDissipationFactor(orPowerFactor)
and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-
Property Measured Section ASTM Test Method
Physical:
cal Insulating Liquids
Color 6 D 2129
D 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
Flash point 7 D 92
Fire point 7 D 92 Indicator Titration
Polychlorinated biphenyl 8 D 4059
D 1169 Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of
content
Electrical Insulating Liquids
Pour point 9 D 97
D 1298 Practice for Density, Relative Density (Specific
Refractive index 10 D 1807
Specific gravity 11 D 1298, D1481, D4052
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
Volatility 12 D 4559
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
Viscosity 13 D 445, D2161
D 1481 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
Chemical:
Neutralization number 14 D 974
(Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicap-
Water content 15 D 1533
illary Pycnometer
Electrical:
Relative permittivity 16 D 924 D 1533 Test Methods for Water in Insulating Liquids (Karl
Dielectric breakdown 17 D 877
Fischer Reaction Method)
voltage
2 D 1807 Test Methods for Refractive Index and Specific
Dissipation factor 18 D 924
Specific resistance 19 D 1169 Optical Dispersion of Electrical Insulating Liquids
Compatibility 20 D 5282
D 2129 Test Method for Color of Water White Electrical
Insulating Liquids
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 2161 Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D 2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liq-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
uids and Gases
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D 4059 Test Method forAnalysis of Polychlorinated Biphe-
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-27 on
nyls in Insulating Liquids by Gas Chromatography
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D27.02 on Synthetics.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1992. Published October 1992. Originally
published as D 2225 – 63 T. Last previous edition D 2225 – 86.
2 4
A modified cell cleaning procedure is given for Test Methods D 924 and Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
D 1169. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03.
3 6
A modified cell cleaning procedure is recommended for Test Method D 877. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2225
D 4559 Test Method for Volatile Matter in Silicone Fluid heated, under the specified test conditions, before the emitted
D 4652 Specification for Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical vapors form a flammable mixture in air. Unusually low flash or
Insulation fire points for a given product may indicate contamination.
D 5282 Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction 7.2 Procedure—Determine the flash and fire points in ac-
Material with Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical Insula- cordance with Test Method D 92.
tion
8. Polychlorinated Biphenyl Content
3. Terminology
8.1 Scope:
3.1 Definitions: 8.1.1 Test Method D 4059—describes a quantitative tech-
nique for determining the concentration of polychlorinated
3.1.1 fire point—the temperature at which oil first ignites
and burns for at least 5 s when a small test flame is passed biphenyls (PCB’s) in electrical insulating liquids.
8.2 Definition:
across the surface under specified conditions.
3.1.2 flash point—the temperature at which vapors above 8.2.1 PCB concentration—is normally expressed in units of
parts per million (PPM) on a weight by weight basis. Standard
the oil surface first ignite when a small test flame is passed
across the surface under specified conditions. chromatograms of Aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260 are used to
determine the concentration of PCB in the sample.
3.1.3 refractive index—the ratio of the velocity of light (of
a specified wavelength) in air at 25°C to its velocity in the 8.3 Summary of Test Method—Following dilution of the
sample in a suitable solvent, the solution is treated to remove
substance under test.
interfering substances. A small portion is then injected into a
3.1.4 specific gravity—theratioofweightofagivenvolume
packedgaschromatographiccolumnwherethecomponentsare
of material to the weight of an equal volume of water. In this
separated and their presence measured by an electron capture
method, both weights are corrected to weight in vacuum, and
or halogen-specific electrolytic conductivity detection. The
thematerialisat25°Cusinghydrometerscalibratedat60/60°F.
method is made quantitative by comparing the response of a
3.1.5 volatility—the weight of liquid lost when a specified
weight of liquid is held at a specified elevated temperature for sample to that of a known quantity of one or more standard
Aroclors obtained under the same conditions.
a specific period of time.
3.1.6 water content—the amount of water (mg/kg) dis- 8.4 Significance and Use—United States regulations require
that electrical apparatus and electrical insulating fluids contain-
solved in the liquid.
3.1.7 For additional terms refer to Terminology D 2864. ing PCB be handled and disposed of through the use of specific
procedures as determined by the PCB content of the fluid. The
4. Significance and Use
resultsofthistestmethodcanbeusefulinselectingappropriate
handling and disposal procedures.
4.1 Tests covered in this standard may be used for quality
control and design considerations.
9. Pour Point
4.2 Included in each test method is a brief statement
9.1 Significance— The pour point is important as an index
describing its significance.
of the lowest temperature to which the material may be cooled
5. Sampling
without seriously limiting the degree of circulation of the fluid.
9.2 Procedure—Determine the pour point in accordance
5.1 Accurate sampling, whether of the complete contents or
with Test Method D 97.
only parts thereof, is extremely important from the standpoint
of elevation of the quality of the product sampled. Obviously,
10. Refractive Index
examination of a sample that because of careless sampling
10.1 Significance— The refractive index is often useful for
procedure or contamination in the sampling equipment is not
the detection of some types of contamination and for the
directly representative, leads to erroneous conclusions con-
identification of the molecular makeup of the various types of
cerning quality.
silicone insulating fluids.
5.2 Sample the silicone fluid in accordance with Test
10.2 Procedure—Dete
...

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5.1 The primary purpose of this practice is to characterize the carbon-type composition of an oil. It is also applicable in observing the effect on oil constitution, of various refining processes such as hydrotreating, solvent extraction, and so forth. It has secondary application in relating the chemical nature of an oil to other phenomena that have been demonstrated to be related to oil composition.  
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4.1 Accurate sampling, whether of the complete contents or only parts thereof, is extremely important from the standpoint of evaluating the quality of the liquid insulant sampled. Obviously, examination of a test specimen that, because of careless sampling procedure or contamination in sampling equipment, is not directly representative, leads to erroneous conclusions concerning quality and in addition results in a loss of time, effort, and expense in securing, transporting, and testing the sample.  
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Section 5  
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Annex A1  
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Appendix X1  
Sample Container Types  
Appendix X2  
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4.1 Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)—This is a measure of the dielectric losses in an electrical insulating liquid when used in an alternating electric field and of the energy dissipated as heat. A low dissipation factor or power factor indicates low ac dielectric losses. Dissipation factor or power factor may be useful as a means of quality control, and as an indication of changes in quality resulting from contamination and deterioration in service or as a result of handling.  
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1.1 This specification covers rerefined previously used mineral insulating liquid of petroleum origin for reuse as an insulating and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus, such as transformers, regulators, reactors, liquid filled circuit breakers, switchgear, and attendant equipment.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification describes a high fire-point mineral oil based electrical insulating fluid, for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatuses, such as transformers and switchgear. The material discussed here is miscible with other petroleum based insulating oils, and may not be miscible with electrical insulating liquids of non-petroleum origin. The insulating oils shall be compatible with typical material of construction of existing apparatus and will satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristic in its application. This specification applies only to new insulating material oil as received prior to any processing. Sampled specimens shall undergo appropriate tests, and shall conform correspondingly to specified physical (appearance upon visual examination, color in ASTM units, fire point, flash point, aniline point, interfacial tension, pour point, relative density, and kinematic viscosity), electrical (dielectric breakdown voltage, gassing tendency, and dissipation factor), and chemical (corrosion behavior against sulfur, inorganic chlorides and sulfates content, acid number, water content, oxidation stability, oxidation inhibitor content, and PCB content) property requirements.
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1.1 This specification describes a less flammable mineral electrical insulating liquid, for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus, such as transformers and switchgear.  
1.2 Less flammable insulating liquid differs from conventional mineral insulating liquid by possessing a fire-point of at least 300 °C. This property is necessary in order to comply with certain application requirements of the National Electrical Code (Article 450-23) or other agencies. The material discussed in this specification is miscible with other petroleum based insulating liquids. Mixing less flammable liquids with lower fire point hydrocarbon insulating liquids (for example, Specification D3487 mineral liquid) may result in fire points of less than 300 °C.  
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1.4 This specification applies only to new electrical insulating liquid as received prior to any processing. Information on in-service maintenance testing is available in appropriate guides.2 The user should contact the manufacturers of the equipment or liquid if questions of recommended characteristics or maintenance procedures arise.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
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  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D8240-22e1(Specification)
Standard Specification for Less-Flammable Synthetic Ester Liquids Used in Electrical Apparatus

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers less-flammable (high fire point) synthetic ester insulating liquids for use as a dielectric and cooling in new and existing electrical power apparatus including power and distribution transformers, switchgear, and other associated equipment  
1.2 Synthetic ester insulating liquids differ from conventional mineral oil and other less-flammable (high fire point) liquids in that they are products derived from the chemical reaction, processing, and physical treatments of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.  
1.3 This specification is intended to define synthetic ester electrical insulating liquids that are compatible with typical materials of construction of existing apparatus and are expected to maintain their functional characteristics in these applications. The material described in this specification is not always miscible with other electrical insulating liquids. The user should contact the manufacturer of the synthetic ester insulating liquid for guidance in this respect.  
1.4 This specification applies only to unused synthetic ester insulating liquids as received prior to any processing. The user should contact the manufacturer of the equipment or liquid, or both, if questions of recommended characteristics or liquid maintenance procedures arise.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1524-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Visual Examination of Used Electrical Insulating Liquids in the Field

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 By use of this test method and Test Methods D1500 or D2129 the color and condition of a test specimen of electrical insulating liquid may be estimated during a field inspection, thus assisting in the decision as to whether or not the sample should be sent to a central laboratory for full evaluation. Cloudiness, particles of insulation, products of metal corrosion, or other undesirable suspended materials, as well as any unusual change in color may be detected.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method for visual examination is applicable to electrical insulating liquids that have been used in transformers, oil circuit breakers, or other electrical apparatus as insulating or cooling media, or both.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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