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ASTM E2963-14

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness of Ship Noise Treatments Laboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness for Marine Bulkhead and Deck Treatments

Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness of Ship Noise Treatments Laboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness for Marine Bulkhead and Deck Treatments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 To fully understand the effects of a given treatment, five acoustical factors (transmission loss, acceptance, radiation efficiency, absorption, and damping) must be characterized. For example, only knowing the effect of a given treatment on transmission loss will not allow the acoustical designer or engineer to assess its impacts on propagation of vibration (among other effects), which is an important path to consider for large machinery items and propeller excitation.  
5.2 It is necessary to have a common definition of acoustical performance and test procedure to determine all five acoustical factors for ship’s treatments so that the performance of different treatment types, as well as the same treatment type from different manufacturers, can be compared.  
5.3 In some cases, particularly for damping treatments, the effect of the treatment will be dependent on the non-treated structure’s material and geometry and other non-acoustic factors such as environmental conditions (that is, temperature). To fully characterize a treatment it may be necessary to test a range of base constructions. For reasons of practicality, convenience, or economy, it may be sufficient to test only one to three constructions to achieve an understanding of the material performance in a range of practical situations. Additional discussion is provided in Annex A1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of the acoustical effectiveness of treatments installed on ship bulkheads, decks, and side shells. Measurements are focused on assessing changes in transmission loss, radiation efficiency, and acceptance that occur when treatments are applied. Measurements of changes to absorption and damping are addressed in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2, respectively.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 Any material that is to be installed on a marine division must meet appropriate fire, combustibility, and other applicable SOLAS, USCG, IMO, Navy, or other required non-acoustical standards and specifications. See Appendix X3 for additional information.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2014
ICS
17.140.20 - Noise emitted by machines and equipment
Technical Committee
E33 - Building and Environmental Acoustics
Drafting Committee
E33.03 - Sound Transmission
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2963-15 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness of Ship Noise Treatments Laboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness for Marine Bulkhead and Deck Treatments
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015
Referred By
ASTM C634-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
Effective Date
01-Dec-2014

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ASTM E2963-14 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness of Ship Noise Treatments Laboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness for Marine Bulkhead and Deck TreatmentsASTM E2963-14 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness of Ship Noise Treatments Laboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness for Marine Bulkhead and Deck Treatments
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ASTM E2963-14 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness of Ship Noise Treatments Laboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness for Marine Bulkhead and Deck Treatments
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2963 − 14
StandardTest Method for
Laboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness of
Ship Noise Treatments Laboratory Measurement of
Acoustical Effectiveness for Marine Bulkhead and Deck
1
Treatments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2963; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method is designed to measure the acoustical effectiveness of treatments that are intended
to reduce airborne noise on ships. Such treatments would be applied to compartment structural
partitions such as bulkheads, decks, and side shells. To fully characterize the acoustical performance
of a treatment, five parameters must be assessed: transmission loss, radiation efficiency, acceptance,
absorption, and damping. This test method focuses on the assessment of the first three, and provides
for convenient assessments of absorption and damping. Tests discussed in this method are based on
theTestMethodE90setupandprocedure.ThistestmethodisnotintendedtobeareplacementofTest
MethodE90;conversely,thismethodbuildsontheE90methodthatisnowwellestablished.Similarly,
this test method does not replace absorption testing discussed in Test Method C423, nor damping
testing discussed inTest Method E756, though for reasons of convenience this method can be used to
make approximate assessments of how different treatments may impact these parameters.
1. Scope SOLAS, USCG, IMO, Navy, or other required non-acoustical
standards and specifications. See Appendix X3 for additional
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of
information.
the acoustical effectiveness of treatments installed on ship
bulkheads, decks, and side shells. Measurements are focused
2. Referenced Documents
on assessing changes in transmission loss, radiation efficiency,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and acceptance that occur when treatments are applied. Mea-
C423TestMethodforSoundAbsorptionandSoundAbsorp-
surementsofchangestoabsorptionanddampingareaddressed
tion Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method
in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2, respectively.
E634Practice for Sampling of Zinc and Zinc Alloys by
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E90Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne
standard.
Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Elements
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E756Test Method for Measuring Vibration-Damping Prop-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
erties of Materials
3
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2.2 ANSI Standards:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ANSI S1.4-1983 (R2006)Specification for Sound Level
1.4 Any material that is to be installed on a marine division
Meters
mustmeetappropriatefire,combustibility,andotherapplicable
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE33onBuilding contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
E33.03 on Sound Transmission.
3
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
CurrenteditionapprovedDec.1,2014.PublishedFebruary2015.DOI:10.1520/
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
E2963–14.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2963 − 14
ANSI S1.6-1984 (R2011)Preferred Frequencies, Frequency 3.2.4.1 Discussion—The base structure is typically con-
Levels, and Band Number for Acoustical Measurements structed with steel or aluminum stiffened plating, though other
ANSI S1.8-1989 (R2011),Reference Quantities for Acous- construction types are possible. This is the structure to which
tical Levels treatments are applied.
ANSI S1.11-2004 (R2009)Specification for Octave-Band
3.3 Symbols:
and Fractional-Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters
2
ANSI S1.43-1997 (R2007)Specifications for Integrating-
A = room constant, m
2
S = area of partition (structure under test), m
Averaging Sound Level Meters
2
4
a = acceleration, m/s
2.3 ISO Stadnard:
c = speed of sound in air, m/s
ISO16063-1:1998,MethodsfortheCalibrationofVibration
dB = decibels
and Sh
...

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5.4 This guide purports to measure the in-duct sound pressure level directly using type 1 instrumentation per ANSI S1.4 or S1.43. It is limited, however, to the determination of the sound pressure level at the location of the port only and will include the effects of duct acoustical modes, as well as an unknown degree of turbulence and other flow related effects. Methodologies may be devised by the user to minimize such effects. As a rule, the larger the number of test ports used, the better will be the averaged data. Although not prescribed by this guide, cross-channel coherence analysis is also available to the analyst, using ports at different locations along the duct axis, which may yield improvements in data quality.  
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5.1 The insertion loss of a pipe lagging system depends upon the lagging system materials, the method used to apply the materials, the pipe wall thickness, the size and shape of the bare and lagged pipe, and the mechanisms causing noise radiation from the pipe. Insertion losses measured using this test method should be used with some caution. In the laboratory, measurements must be made under reproducible conditions, but in practical usage in the field, the conditions that determine the effective insertion loss are difficult to predict and they may lead to slightly different results. Insertion losses measured with this test method can be used successfully for acoustical design purposes. Insertion losses measured with this test method are most useful for pipes and lagging systems which are similar to those used in the laboratory configuration.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The noise reduction of an enclosure is a property of the enclosure, the location of the sound source used to measure noise reduction, and the space in which the enclosure is placed. It is not a property of the enclosure alone, and its measurement under different conditions can be expected to give different results. When the noise reduction is measured in accordance with this test method, the sound source is outside the enclosure and the sound field outside the enclosure approximates a diffuse sound field. Measurements made in accordance with this test method can be expected to be reproducible from one laboratory to another.  
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5.2.3 To estimate the one-third octave band sound pressure levels that will occur inside the enclosure with specified sound pressure levels outside.  
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ASTM F1797-18(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Acoustic Emission Testing of Insulated and Non-Insulated Digger Derricks

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method permits testing of the major components of a digger derrick generated by the rapid release of energy from localized sources within the digger derrick under controlled loading. The energy releases occur during intentional application of a predetermined load. These energy releases can be monitored and interpreted by qualified individuals. Acceptance/rejection criteria are beyond the scope of this test method. The test may be discontinued at any time to investigate a particular area of concern, or to prevent a fault from continuing to ultimate failure of the digger derrick resulting from the application of the test load.  
5.2 This test method provides a means of detecting acoustic emission sources that may be defects, irregularities, or both, affecting the structural integrity or intended use of the aerial personnel device.  
5.3 Significant sources of acoustic emission found with this test method shall be evaluated by either more refined acoustic emission test techniques or by other nondestructive methods (visual, liquid penetrant, radiography, ultrasonic, magnetic particle, etc.). Other nondestructive methods may be required in order to precisely locate defects in the digger derrick, and to estimate their size. Additional tests are outside the scope of this test method.  
5.4 Defective areas found in digger derricks by this test method should be repaired and retested as appropriate. Repair procedure recommendations are outside the scope of this test method. Repair procedure recommendations are outside the scope of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for acoustic emission (AE) testing of digger derricks.  
1.1.1 Equipment Covered—This test method applies to special multipurpose vehicle-mounted machines, commonly known as digger derricks. These machines are primarily designed to dig holes, set poles, and position materials and apparatus.  
1.1.1.1 Insulated and non-insulated type digger derricks may be evaluated with this test method.
1.1.1.2 Digger derricks, if so equipped to position personnel or equipment, or both, may also be evaluated with this test method in conjunction with Test Method F914.  
1.1.2 Equipment Not Covered—Excluded from this test method are general-purpose cranes designed only for lifting service and machines primarily designed only for digging holes.  
1.2 The AE test method is used to detect and area-locate emission sources. Verification of emission sources may require the use of other nondestructive test (NDT) methods, such as radiography, ultrasonic, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and visual inspection.  
1.3 Warning—This test method requires that external loads be applied to the superstructure of the vehicle under test. During the test, caution must be taken to safeguard personnel and equipment against unexpected failure or instability of the vehicle or components.
FIG. 1 Digger Derrick Nomenclature  
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Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness of Ship Noise Treatments Laboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness for Marine Bulkhead and Deck Treatments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 To fully understand the effects of a given treatment, five acoustical factors (transmission loss, acceptance, radiation efficiency, absorption, and damping) must be characterized. For example, only knowing the effect of a given treatment on transmission loss will not allow the acoustical designer or engineer to assess its impacts on propagation of vibration (among other effects), which is an important path to consider for large machinery items and propeller excitation.  
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5.3 In some cases, particularly for damping treatments, the effect of the treatment will be dependent on the non-treated structure’s material and geometry and other non-acoustic factors such as environmental conditions (that is, temperature). To fully characterize a treatment it may be necessary to test a range of base constructions. For reasons of practicality, convenience, or economy, it may be sufficient to test only one to three constructions to achieve an understanding of the material performance in a range of practical situations. Additional discussion is provided in Annex A1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of the acoustical effectiveness of treatments installed on ship bulkheads, decks, and side shells. Measurements are focused on assessing changes in transmission loss, radiation efficiency, and acceptance that occur when treatments are applied. Measurements of changes to absorption and damping are addressed in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2, respectively.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E749/E749M-17(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Continuous Welding

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Detection and location of AE sources in weldments during fabrication may provide information related to the integrity of the weld. Such information may be used to direct repair procedures on the weld or as a guide for application of other nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods. A major attribute of applying AE for in-process monitoring of welds is the ability of the method to provide immediate real-time information on weld integrity. This feature makes the method useful to lower weld costs by repairing defects at the most convenient point in the production process. The AE activity from discontinuities in the weldment is stimulated by the thermal stresses from the welding process. The AE activity resulting from this stimulation is detected by AE sensors in the vicinity of the weldment, which convert the acoustic waves into electronic signals. The AE instrumentation processes signals and provides means for immediate display or indication of AE activity and for permanent recordings of the data.  
4.2 Items to be considered in preparation and planning for monitoring should include but not be limited to the following:  
4.2.1 Description of the system or object to be monitored or examined,  
4.2.2 Extent of monitoring, that is, entire weld, cover passes only, and so forth,  
4.2.3 Limitations or restrictions on the sensor mounting procedures, if applicable,  
4.2.4 Performance parameters to be established and maintained during the AE system verification procedure (sensitivity, location accuracy, and so forth),  
4.2.5 Maximum time interval between AE system verification checks,  
4.2.6 Performance criteria for purchased equipment,  
4.2.7 Requirements for permanent records of the AE response, if applicable,  
4.2.8 Content and format of test report, if required, and  
4.2.9 Operator qualification and certification, if required.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides recommendations for acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of weldments during and immediately following their fabrication by continuous welding processes.  
1.2 The procedure described in this practice is applicable to the detection and location of AE sources in weldments and in their heat-affected zone during fabrication, particularly in those cases where the time duration of welding is such that fusion and solidification take place while welding is still in progress.  
1.3 The effectiveness of acoustic emission to detect discontinuities in the weldment and the heat-affected zone is dependent on the design of the AE system, the AE system verification procedure, the weld process, and the material type. Materials that have been monitored include low-carbon steels, low-alloy steels, stainless steels, and some aluminum alloys. The system performance must be verified for each application by demonstrating that the defects of concern can be detected with the desired reliability.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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