ASTM D2208-16(2023)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2208 − 16 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Breaking Strength of Leather by the Grab Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2208; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D1813 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather
Test Specimens
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the break-
D2209 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather
ingstrengthofleatherbythegrabmethod.Itisintendedforuse
D2211 Test Method for Elongation of Leather
on light, soft leathers; boarded, sueded, or embossed leathers
tested on a specimen in the form of a rectangle piece; narrow
3. Terminology
strap, welt, lace, and round belt leathers; or other leathers that
cannot be accurately tested by Test Method D2209. This test 3.1 For definitions of leather terms used in this standard,
method does not apply to wet blue. refer to Terminology D1517.
1.2 The test method is not recommended for breaking loads
4. Summary of Test Method
over 500 lbf (2200 N) because of slippage of the specimen in
4.1 The leather specimen is clamped in the test machine as
the jaws.
described in Test Method D2209. The force required to rupture
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
the leather at a jaw separation of 10 in.⁄min 6 2 in./min is
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
measured, along with the percent elongation at rupture.
information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 The measurement of the strength of leather is often
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
necessary in order to determine its suitability for its intended
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
application. This test method is recommended for use on light,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
soft leathers, narrow strap, welt, lace and round belt leathers as
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
well as others that cannot be accurately tested by Test Method
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D2209.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
6. Apparatus
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6.1 Testing Machine, as described in Test Method D2209.
NOTE 1—The face of one jaw of each clamp shall measure 1 in. by 1 in.
2. Referenced Documents (25.4 mm by 25.4 mm) and that of the other shall measure 1 in. by 1 ⁄2 in.
(25.4 mm by 38 mm) or more for testing specimens wider than the jaws
2.1 ASTM Standards:
only.
D1517 Terminology Relating to Leather
6.2 ThicknessGauge—Adead-mass type of thickness gauge
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod-
as described in Test Method D1813.
ucts for Testing
6.3 Steel Scale, graduated to read in 0.02 in. (0.5 mm).
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
and is the direct responsibility of D31.05 on Upholstery. This test method was
7.1 For testing specimens wider than the jaws, the specimen
developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn. (Standards
Method E16–1965).
for wide, flat leathers shall be a small piece of leather 6 in.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2023. Published January 2023. Originally
(152 mm) long and 3 in. (76 mm) wide. The direction of the
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D2208–16. DOI:
long dimension relative to the backbone shall be noted.
10.1520/D2208-16R23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
7.2 For testing specimens cut from narrow strip, the speci-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
men for narrow strap, welting, lace, and round belt leathers
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. shall be a piece of leather 6 in. (152 mm) long.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2208 − 16 (2023)
8. Conditioning 10. Report
10.1 The report shall include the following:
8.1 Conditions as described in Practice D1610.
10.1.1 Thickness to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm),
reported for each specimen or averaged and reported as the
9. Procedure
thickness of the sample, and
9.1 For Testing Specimens Wider than the Jaws:
10.1.2 Breaking strength to the nearest 1 lbf (or 1 N),
9.1.1 Measure the thickness of the specimen to the neare
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