ASTM D5620-94(1999)

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An American National Standard
Designation:D5620–94 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Thin Film Fluid Lubricants in a Drain and Dry
Mode Using a Pin and Vee Block Test Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5620; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope treatment for Organic Coatings
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the endur-
3. Terminology
ance (wear) life and load carrying capacity of thin film fluid
3.1 Definitions:
lubricantsthatareintendedtooperateafterasingleapplication
3.1.1 drain and dry mode, n—theeffectfrombeingsprayed,
and after excess material has drained from the contact area of
dipped, or brushed with a fluid lubricant and the excess
sliding metal to metal surfaces, and which operates in what
material draining from the surface leaving behind a thin film
functionally is a drain and dry mode with no additional
thatremainswetandmustactasalubricantonitsown,without
lubricant being applied.
benefit of recirculation or continuous supply.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.2 Newtonian flow, n—a Newtonian liquid is one that
standardexceptwhereequipmentissuppliedusinginch-pound
flows immediately on application of even the smallest force,
unitswhichwouldthenberegardedasthestandard.Themetric
and for which the rate of flow is directly proportional to the
equivalents of the inch-pound units given in the body of the
force applied.
standard may be approximate.
3.1.3 non-Newtonian flow, n—a non-Newtonian liquid is
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
one whose viscosity depends on the rate of shear. Some will
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
not flow until the force applied is greater than a definite value
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
called the yield point.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.4 thin film fluid lubricant, n—fluid lubricants consisting
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of a primary liquid with or without additives of lubricating
2. Referenced Documents powders and without binders or adhesives, which form a film
on one or both surfaces to be lubricated and perform their
2.1 ASTM Standards:
function after application and after excess material has drained
B16 Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar, and
from the application area, and without additional material
Shapes used in Screw Machines
being supplied by either a continuous or intermittent method.
D2625 Test Method for Endurance (Wear) Life and Load-
3.1.5 wear, n—damage to a solid surface, generally involv-
CarryingCapacityofSolidFilmLubricants(FalexPinand
3 ing progressive loss of material, due to the relative motion
Vee Method)
between that surface and a contacting substance or substances.
F22 Test Method for Hydrophobic Surface Films by the
4 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Water Break Test
3.2.1 direct load, n—the load that is applied linearly,
2.2 U.S. Military Specifications:
bisecting the angle of the vee block corrected to either the
Mil-P-16232 Phosphate Coatings, Heavy, Manganese or
800-lbf (3550-N) gage reference or the 3000-lbf (13300-N)
Zinc Base (for ferrous metals)
gage reference.
TT-C-490 Cleaning Methods for Ferrous Surfaces and Pre-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—This load is equivalent to the true load
times the cos 42°.
3.2.2 endurance (wear) life—the length of the test time
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
before failure under a constant loaded condition, in minutes, in
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
which the applied test lubricant performs its function.
D02.L0.05 on Solid Lubricants.
3.2.3 gage load, n—the value obtained from the gage while
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 1994. Published December 1994.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01.
running the test after being corrected to the standard curve
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
using the calibration procedure for the 4500-lbf (20000-N)
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.05.
5 reference gage.
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5620–94 (1999)
3.2.4 load carrying capacity—the highest indicated load 6. Apparatus
sustained for a minimum of 1 min.
6.1 Pin and Vee Block Test Machine, illustrated in Figs. 1,
Figs. 1A, Figs. 2, and Figs. 4 of Test Method D2625.
4. Summary of Test Method
6.1.1 Load Gage, 4500-lbf (20000-N) range, or 3000-lbf
(13300-N) direct-reading gage. An 800-lbf (3550-N) direct
4.1 Prior to both tests, the thin film lubricant test fluid is
reading load gage may be used for Procedure A, but does not
deposited on the pin and vee blocks and allowed to drain for a
have a high enough load range for Procedure B.
minimum of 1 min and not to exceed 4 min unless deemed
6.1.2 Indicating Torque Meter, (with load cell) which
necessary by the user, such as under conditions where compo-
provides a digital reading of the resistant torque of the moving
nent evaporation is a consideration for the final data base
test pieces. A torque recorder with optional automatic cutoff
desired.
and timer may also be used. A data acquisition system for
4.2 The endurance (wear) life test (ProcedureA) consists of
recording the torque is highly recommended for accurate data
running two stationary steel vee blocks loaded to a predeter-
analysis.
mined value against a steel pin rotating at 290 rev/min 610
6.2 Required for Calibration of Load Gage:
rev/min. The endurance (wear) life is determined from the test
6.2.1 Standardized Test Coupon, soft, annealed copper HB
duration in minutes until the steady state torque is interrupted
37/39.
by a sharp increase in torque of an additional 10 in-lbf (1.13 6
6.2.2 Allen Screw, with attached 10-mm Brinell Ball.
N.m), breakage of the shear pin is experienced, or failure to
6.2.3 Back-up Plug.
maintain the load. Typically during the test, a rise in tempera-
6.2.4 Brinell Microscope, or equivalent.
ture of the test apparatus from friction occurs which may
6.2.5 Rule, steel, 150 mm (6 in.) long.
generate a gradual increase in the steady state torque which is
6.2.6 Timer, graduated in minutes and seconds.
not to be considered a failure.
6.2.7 2 cc micro pipette, any pipette capable of delivering 2
4.3 Theloadcarryingcapacitytest(ProcedureB)consistsof
cc of the test fluid.
running two stationary steel vee block specimens against a
7. Reagents and Materials
steel pin rotating at 290 rev/min 610 rev/min, and increasing
the load on the pin after a 3 min break-in period with 1 min 7.1 Required for Procedures A and B:
intervals at each individual load above the break-in load, until 7.1.1 Standard Coined Vee Blocks ofAISI 1137 Steel, 96°
asharpincreaseintorqueofanadditional10in-lbf(1.13N-m) angle, Rockwell hardness of Rc 20–24 and surface finish of
−7
−7
1.3 310 to 2.5 310 m (5 to 10 µin.) rms. Eight are
over the operating torque, breakage of the shear pin is
experienced, or failure to maintain the load. required.
7.1.2 Standard No. 8 Test Pins, 6.35-mm ( ⁄4-in.) outside
4.4 All tests should be conducted under conditions where a
diameter by 31.75-mm (1 ⁄4-in.) long of AISI 3135 steel, with
starting temperature of 20°C 6 2° exists for the test apparatus,
a Rockwell hardness of Rb 80-N83 on the round and a surface
test specimens, and atmosphere. Any deviation from this can
−7 −7
finish of 1.3 310 to 2.5 310 m (5 to 10 µin.) rms.
severely affect the data.
7.1.3 Locking Shear Pin, ⁄2 hard brass conforming to
4.5 Analysis of the condition of the test specimens can
Specification B16.
provide valuable data. Color, condition of the test pin, and the
7.2 Required Before Application of the Thin Film Fluid
conditionandsizeofthewearscarontheveeblockareallpart
Lubricant (see Annex A1):
of the performance values.
7.2.1 Aluminum Oxide White Angular Abrasive, 180 grit to
220 grit.
5. Significance and Use
7.2.2 Optional Surface Preparations:
7.2.2.1 Phosphate Coating, Manganese,conformingtoMil-
5.1 This test method is intended primarily to differentiate
P-16232, Type M, Class 3, with the coating weight controlled
betweenliquidthinfilmlubricantswhichexhibittheproperties
from 16 minimum to 22 maximum g/m .
of Newtonian flow with respect to their endurance (wear) life
7.2.2.2 Phosphate Coating, Zinc, conforming to Specifica-
and load carrying capacity when they are used in a manner
tion TT-C-490 with the coating weight controlled to 300
similar to the bonded dry solid film lubricants. (See Test
mg 650 mg.
Method D2625 for definition of dry solid film lubricants.)The
testconditionsforthinfilmlubricantsareverycriticalandmust
be maintained to ensure reliability of the data when used to
The Falex pin and vee block test machine and support equipment, available
compare different lubricants.
from Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554, has been found
satisfactory for this method.Anew model of this machine has been available since
5.2 Liquid thin film lubricants which exhibit the properties
1983. Certain operating procedures are different for this new model. Consult
of non-Newtonian flow can also be tested if the procedure for
instruction manual of machine for this information.
preparing the pin and vee blocks is modified to account for 7
The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Eighth Edition, published by Van
their different behavior. Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, NY.
D5620–94 (1999)
7.3 Cloth, Oil and Lint Free, a cloth capable of being used a load of 300-lbf (1330-N). A slight take-up on the ratchet
to wipe parts without depositing a contaminant on the surface wheel is required to hold the load due to the ball sinking into
being wiped or handled. Procedures such as Test Method F22 the test coupon. After the 300-lbf (1330-N) load is obtained,
can be used to determine if the selected cloth will deposit a hold the load for 1 min for the indentation to form.
hydrophobic film on the surface of a metal coupon. 9.1.7 Turn off the machine and back off the load until the
test coupon is free of the jaws. Advance the test coupon
8. Preparation of Apparatus
approximately 9.5 mm ( ⁄8 in.) (additional indentations should
8.1 Preparation of the Pin and Vee Block Test Machine:
be separated by a minimum distance of 2.5 times the diameter
8.1.1 Thoroughly clean the jaw supports for the vee blocks
of the initial indentation). Check the alignment of the jaws and
and test journal (pin). Refer to A1.2.1 for information on
repeat the procedure described in 9.1.6 at gage loads of 750,
selecting the correct cleaning media.
1000, and 1500-lbf (3300, 4450, and 6550-N).
8.1.2 Avoid atmospheric contamination such as cigarette
9.1.8 Remove the load gage assembly and test coupon and
smoke or oil fumes, as this can adversely affect the test results.
measure the diameter of each indentation to 0.01-mm with the
8.2 Vee Block Preparation:
Brinell microscope. Make three measurements of the indenta-
8.2.1 Placeveeblocks,preparedbytheproceduresinAnnex
tion diameter, rotating the coupon to ensure that no two
A1, on a flat surface with the vee groove facing up. measurements represent the same points. Average the three
8.2.2 Fill the vee groove with the test fluid and allow 1 min
measurements of each impression and record.
to pass for the liquid to react with the surface. 9.1.9 Plot the four impression readings versus gage load
8.2.3 Lay the vee block on the side with the vee groove
readings on the log-log paper. If they do not plot as an
vertical and place on an absorbent towel selected from 7.3 to approximatelystraightline,repeatsteps9.1.4-9.1.8.Astandard
remove excess lubricant draining to the bottom of the groove.
curve of the impression diameter versus gage reading can be
8.2.4 Place the drained vee blocks into the test jaws.Avoid found in Fig. 3 of Test Method D2625. If the indentation
contactwiththematingsurfacesoftheveeblocksandtestpins
diameter, plotted as above, is lower or higher than that shown
when installing them in the test machine.
on the standard curve, determine the actual load necessary to
8.3 Pin Preparation:
produce the indentation diameter that will correspond to that
8.3.1 Place a pin, prepared by the procedures inAnnexA1,
shown on the standard curve. For those machines with elec-
into the test shaft and secure with a brass shear pin.
tronic load gages that can calibrate the load gage before use,
8.3.2 Fill a pipette with 2 cc of the test fluid.
correction to the standard curve is not necessary.
8.3.3 Coat the test pin with the entire 2 cc of the fluid, from
NOTE 1—Afullsizestandardcalibrationcurveplottedonlog-logpaper
the pipette, while manually rotating the test shaft.
can be obtained from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4
8.3.4 Allow 1 min (maximum 4 min) for the test fluid to
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111, Attn: NPODS.
drain and remove all excess fluid from the bottom of the test
9.2 Calibration Procedure with 800 or 3000-lbf (3550 or
pin by dapping with a cloth selected from 7.3.
13 300-N) Direct-Reading Load Gage:
8.3.4.1 Beverycarefultonotdisturbthecoatedtestsurfaces
9.2.1 Use the same procedure as with the 4500-lbf (20000-
of either the vee blocks or the test pin while removing the
N) gage above, except obtain impressions at gage readings of
excess fluid from the bottom of the test pin, then follow
300, 500, 700, and 800-lbf (1330, 2220, 3100, and 3550-N) on
Procedure A or B as necessary.
the 800-lbf (3550-N) gage; or at 300, 700, 1100, and 1700-lbf
(1330, 3100, 4880, and 7550-N) on the 3000-lbf (13300-N)
9. Calibration and Load Gage
gage. Plot the impression readings versus gage load readings,
9.1 Calibration Procedure with 4500-lbf (20 000-N) Load
as in 9.1.9, with similar adjustments to the load in order to
Gage:
1 produce indentation diameters that correspond to the indenta-
9.1.1 Remove the Allen set screw and 12.70-mm ( ⁄2-in.)
tion diameters on the standard curve.
ball from the left jaw socket.
9.1.2 InsertthespecialAllenscrewwiththeattached10-mm
10. Procedure A
Brinell ball into the working face of the left jaw.Adjust so that
the ball projects about 4 mm ( ⁄32in.) from the face of the jaw. 10.1 Complete the procedures outlined in Section 8.
9.1.3 Insert the backup plug in the coun
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