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ASTM C1485-00

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Exposed Attic Floor Insulation Using an Electric Radiant Heat Energy Source

Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Exposed Attic Floor Insulation Using an Electric Radiant Heat Energy Source

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the critical radiant flux of exposed attic floor insulation subjected to a flaming ignition source in a graded radiant heat energy environment inside a test chamber. The test specimen can be any attic floor insulation. This test method is not applicable to those insulations that melt or shrink away when exposed to the radiant heat energy environment or the ignition source.
1.2 This test method measures the critical radiant flux at the farthest point to which the flame advances. It provides a means for relative classification of a fire test response standard for exposed attic floor insulation. The imposed radiant flux simulation levels of thermal radiation are likely to impinge on the surface of exposed attic insulation from roof assemblies heated by the sun and by heat or flames of an incidental fire which may involve an attic space. This test method is intended to simulate an important element of fire exposure that may develop in open attics, but is not intended for use in describing flame spread behavior of insulation installed other than on an attic floor.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but dose not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the material, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-2000
ICS
91.120.10 - Thermal insulation of buildings
Technical Committee
C16 - Thermal Insulation
Drafting Committee
C16.31 - Chemical and Physical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C1485-06 - Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Exposed Attic Floor Insulation Using an Electric Radiant Heat Energy Source
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM C739-21a - Standard Specification for Cellulosic Fiber Loose-Fill Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
10-Nov-2000

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ASTM C1485-00 - Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Exposed Attic Floor Insulation Using an Electric Radiant Heat Energy SourceASTM C1485-00 - Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Exposed Attic Floor Insulation Using an Electric Radiant Heat Energy Source
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ASTM C1485-00 - Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Exposed Attic Floor Insulation Using an Electric Radiant Heat Energy Source
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1485–00
Standard Test Method for
Critical Radiant Flux of Exposed Attic Floor Insulation Using
an Electric Radiant Heat Energy Source
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1485; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation Materi-
als
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the
critical radiant flux of exposed attic floor insulation subjected
3. Terminology
to a flaming ignition source in a graded radiant heat energy
3.1 Definitions:
environment inside a test chamber. The test specimen can be
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, see
any attic floor insulation. This test method is not applicable to
Terminology C 168.
those insulations that melt or shrink away when exposed to the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
radiant heat energy environment or the ignition source.
3.2.1 critical radiant flux—the level of incident radiant heat
1.2 This test method measures the critical radiant flux at the
energy on the attic floor insulation system at the most distant
farthest point to which the flame advances. It provides a means
2 2
flame-out point in W/cm. (Btu/ft s).
for relative classification of a fire test response standard for
3.2.2 flux profile—the curve relating incident radiant heat
exposed attic floor insulation. The imposed radiant flux simu-
energy on the specimen plane to distance from the point of
lation levels of thermal radiation are likely to impinge on the
initiation of flaming ignition, that is, 0.0 cm. (0.0 in.).
surface of exposed attic insulation from roof assemblies heated
3.2.3 graded radiant energy—the heating element is placed
by the sun and by heat or flames of an incidental fire which
on an angled plain.
may involve an attic space. This test method is intended to
3.2.4 total flux meter—the instrument used to measure the
simulate an important element of fire exposure that may
level of radiant heat energy incident on the specimen plane at
develop in open attics, but is not intended for use in describing
a given point.
flame spread behavior of insulation installed other than on an
3.2.5 screed—gently remove the excess material using a
attic floor.
metal straight edge to leave a uniform surface on the insulation
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
flush with the top of the container.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.2.6 voltage regulator—a regulated constant voltage trans-
only.
former equipped with a voltmeter shall be connected between
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the
the chamber and the power source. This will be maintained at
responseofmaterials,products,orassembliestoheatandflame
115 6 5 volts.
under controlled conditions, but dose not by itself incorporate
all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the
4. Summary of Test Method
material, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
4.1 A horizontally mounted insulation specimen is exposed
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to the heat from an electric radiant heat energy panel located
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
above and inclined at 30° to the specimen. After a short
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
preheat, the hottest end of the specimen is ignited with a small
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
flame. The distance to the farthest advance of flaming is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
measured, converted to watts per square centimeter from a
previously prepared graph of the radiant flux profile, and
2. Referenced Documents
reported as the critical radiant flux.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is designed to provide a basis for
estimating one aspect of the fire exposure behavior of exposed
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC16onThermal
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical and
Physical Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2000. Published February 2001.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1485–00
insulation installed on the floor of an open attic. The test energize the exhaust fan and radiant energy source. Household
environment is intended to simulate attic floor exposure to switches have worked well.
radiant heat conditions. Radiant heat has been observed and
6.1.7 Environment—The radiant panel test chamber em-
defined in full-scale attic experiments. ployedforthistestshallbelocatedinadraft-protectedareaand
maintained at 21 6 2°C (70 6 4°F) and a relative humidity of
6. Apparatus 50 6 20 %.
6.1.8 A Reliable 115 6 5 Volts Power Source,
6.1 Radiant Panel Test Chamber:
NOTE 1—Hardware Description for Electric Radiant Panel in Fig. 1:
7. Calibration and Standardization Apparatus
1. Toggle switch
7.1 Apparatus:
2. Exhaust fan
3. Thermometer
7.1.1 Total Flux Meter:
4. Aluminum flat welded on under side of angle for rod support
3 7.1.1.1 Overall Dimensions—15 cm (6 in.) 3 15 cm (6 in.)
5.1cm( ⁄8 in.) rod (ready bolt)
6. Electric heat element (650 watt chromalox 3 10 cm (4 in.),
7. Aluminum angle 2.5 cm (1 in.) (tray slide rails)
7.1.1.2 All metal case,
8. Aluminum angle 4 cm (1.5 in.) (all framing)
7.1.1.3 110v AC (high impedance),
9. Lock nuts for rods
10. Viewing glass 6 mm ( ⁄4 in.)
7.1.1.4 Calibrated to a national standard,
11. Cement board or ceramic tile backerboard 6 mm ( ⁄4 in.)
7.1.1.5 Direct readout in W/cm, shall read to three decimal
12. Flat aluminum with holes for rod and heat element twisted to fit
places.
NOTE 2—Measurements Electric Radiant Panel in Fig. 1:
7.1.2 Heat Flux Transducer:
A. 32.5 cm (13 in.) H. 71 cm (28 in.) O. 20 cm (8 in.)
7.1.2.1 Range—0 to 1.5 W/cm,
B. 10 cm (4in.) I. 60cm (24 in.) refer- P.7.5cm(3in.)
ence
7.1.2.2 Water cooled, and
C. 13 cm (5 in.) point Q. 16 cm (6.25 in.)
7.1.2.3 Calibrated to a national standard.
D. 25.5 cm (10 in.) J. 33 cm (13 in.) R. 80 cm (32 in.)
7.1.3 Dummy Specimen Calibration Board:
E. 30.5 cm (12 in.) K. 57 cm (23 in.) S. 20 cm (8 in.)
F.57mm(2.25in.) L.65cm(26in.) T.7.5cm(3in.)
7.1.3.1 Overall Dimensions—5 cm (2 in.) 3 60 cm (24 in.)
G. 25.5mm (10 in.) M. 19 cm (7.5 in.)
3 15 cm (6 in.), and
N. 33 cm (13.25 in.)
7.1.3.2 Centered Calibration Hole—2.5 cm (1 in.) in diam-
NOTE 3—Electric radiant panel manufactured by Clayville Insulation
etercenteredonandalongthecenterlineat10cm(4in.),20cm
Labs, P.O. Box 713, Burley, ID 88318.
(8 in.), 30 cm (12 in.), 40 cm (16 in.), and 50 cm (20 in.)
6.1.1 Cabinet, consists of an angle aluminum frame faced
locations (within 6 0.1 cm) measured from the zero reference
on four sides with cement fiber board or ceramic tile backer-
at the maximum flux end of the specimen.
board 6 mm ( ⁄4 in.) and approximate overall dimensions of 80
7.2 Radiant Heat Energy Flux Profile Standardization:
cm (32 in.) high by 71 cm (28 in.) long by 30 cm (12 in.) deep
7.2.1 Place heat flux meter within1m(3 ft.) of the radiant
with a viewing window along the front side and a vertical
panel.
cement fiber board sliding on the right-hand end.
7.2.2 Connect either of the cooling lines of the heat flux
6.1.2 Specimen Holder, an open-top 0.16 mm (22–26 U.S.
transducer to a tap water outlet. Connect the other side to
standardgage)thickstainlesssteelsheetwiththeverticaledges
discharge and drain (plastic tubing obtainable at a hardware
of the tray overlapped, not to exceed 7 mm (0.273 in.) in seam
store will work).
width,andjoinedtobewatertight.Traywithoutsidedimension
7.2.3 Establish a flow of 300 to 700 mL/min.
measuring exactly 60 cm (24 in.) long, by 15 cm (6 in.) wide
7.2.4 Plug the heat flux meter into the voltage regulator.
by 5.0 cm (2 in.) deep.
7.2.5 The heat flux transducer should be connected to the
6.1.3 Radiant Heat Energy Source, consists of a 110 V, 650
heat flux meter.
W, 1.3 cm ( ⁄2 in.) diameter heating element that is 35 cm (14
in.) long, mounted in a stainless steel reflector with overall NOTE 4—Check the reflector on the radiant heat source to see that it is
clean. If it needs cleaned, do so before it is turned on for calibration. Heat
dimensions of 49
...

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4.1 The various methods for measuring and calculating thermal properties provide data and information for manufacturer's published information, for comparison of related products, and for designers and users to evaluate insulation products for particular applications. For these purposes it is advisable to provide basic data and information produced under standard temperature conditions.  
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1.2 Thermal properties shall be determined as a function of temperature by standard test methods. (Test Methods C177, C201, C335/C335M, C518, C745, C1114, C1363, Guide C653, and Practice C687, all in combination with Practice C1045.)  
Note 1: Standard referenced materials are needed to span the temperature range of the tests.  
1.3 This practice recommends standard conditions for use in testing and evaluating thermal properties as a function of temperature by standard test methods.  
1.4 General applications of thermal insulations include:  
1.4.1 Building envelopes,  
1.4.2 Mechanical systems or processes, and  
1.4.3 Building and industrial insulations.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1594-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Polyimide Rigid Cellular Thermal Insulation

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the composition and physical properties of rigid polyimide cellular foams intended for use as thermal and sound-isolating insulation in commercial and industrial environments. The polyimide insulations covered are classified into three types (Types I, II, and III) according to closed cell content, and into four grades (Grades 1, 2, 3, and 4) according to density. Type II insulation is further divided into two classes (Classes 1 and 2) according to upper temperature limits. Materials shall be manufactured from the appropriate monomers and necessary ingredients. Specimens shall be sampled, tested, and conform accordingly to the following physical property requirements: apparent thermal conductivity; water and gas permeability; density; percent closed cell; upper temperature limit; high temperature stability; compressive strength; compressive force deflection; water vapor transmission; steam aging characteristics (tensile strength, dimensional and weight changes), corrosiveness; chemical resistance; vertical burn characteristics (flame application and time, burn length, and dripping); specific optical smoke density for both flaming and non-flaming exposures; toxic smoke generation; surface burning characteristics (flame spread and smoke developed indices); combustion by-products (carbon monoxide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen cyanide); oxygen index, and 14 scale room burn.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition and physical properties of polyimide foam insulation with nominal densities from 1.0 lb/ft3 to 8.0 lb/ft3 (16 kg/m3 to 128 kg/m3) and intended for use as thermal and sound-isolating insulation for temperatures from −423°F to +600°F (−253°C to +316°C) in commercial and industrial environments.  
1.1.1 The annex shall apply to this specification for marine applications.  
1.1.2 This standard is designed as a material specification and not a design document.  
1.1.3 The values stated in Table 1 and Table 2 are not to be used as design values. It is the buyer’s responsibility to specify design requirements and obtain supporting documentation from the material supplier.  
* = Not available consult manufacturer for additional information.
NA = Not Applicable
NB = A manufacturer can only claim conformance to this standard to the values reported in this table. The * notes are confidential data to the manufacturers and as such are not considered part of any qualifying requirements for the standard and only tell the user to inquire about that data.  
* = Not available consult manufacturer for additional information.
NA = Not Applicable
NB = A manufacturer can only claim conformance to this standard to the values reported in this table. The * notes are confidential data to the manufacturers and as such are not considered part of any qualifying requirements for the standard and only tell the user to inquire about that data.
Note 1: The subject matter of this material specification is not covered by any other ASTM specification. There is no known ISO standard covering the subject of this standard.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical B...

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ASTM
ASTM C1149-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Self-Supported Spray Applied Cellulosic Thermal Insulation

ABSTRACT
This specification covers self-supported spray applied cellulosic thermal insulation for use as thermal insulation or acoustical absorbent material, or both. The chemically-treated cellulosic materials that are also covered in this specification are used for pneumatic applications operating within a specific temperature range. The materials are classified into two types based on the type of adhesive used and exposure of the application. Specimens for testing should be prepared and tested using the prescribed methods and should conform to the specified values of density, thermal resistance, surface bonding characteristics, adhesive strength, cohesive strength, smoldering combustion, fungi resistance, corrosion, moisture vapor absorption, odor, flame resistance permanency, substrate deflection, and air erosion.
SCOPE
1.1 The specification covers the physical properties of self-supported spray applied cellulosic fibers intended for use as thermal insulation or an acoustical absorbent material, or both.  
1.2 This specification covers chemically treated cellulosic materials intended for pneumatic applications where temperatures do not exceed 82.2°C and where temperatures will routinely remain below 65.6°C.  
1.2.1 Type I—Material applied with liquid adhesive and suitable for either exposed or enclosed applications.  
1.2.2 Type II—Materials containing a dry adhesive that is activated by water during installation and intended only for enclosed or covered applications.  
1.3 This is a material specification only and is not intended to deal with methods of application that are supplied by the manufacturer.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1919-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Measurement of the Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties of Small Specimens Using the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Thermal conductivity measurements on small insulation specimens are important during new product development processes or when larger specimens cannot be collected during forensic investigation (that is, failure analysis) (1, 2).  
5.2 Numerous research projects have recently been initiated to develop insulation materials that have very high thermal resistivities (greater than 83 (m K)/W). Projects ranging from coatings to improve the thermal performance of single pane/layer glazing systems to the development of novel insulation products for building envelopes are being undertaken (1-4). All these projects have struggled in the development of new material technologies due to the difficulty associated with the measurement of thermal conductivity of small sections (approximately 0.025 m by 0.025 m) of high thermal resistance materials. As new materials are being developed, the size of each test specimen impacts the cost of development. Most of the existing test equipment and the methods do not align with the researcher’s need; the equipment requires a large specimen size is time consuming, and expensive to produce.  
5.3 This practice provides a standardized procedure to enable the thermal characterization of small specimens of insulation materials. Accurate, and reliable thermal metrology to assess thermal properties of new insulation materials, such as novel very low thermal conductivity (  
5.4 The ratio of the area of the specimen and the heat flux transducer has a significant impact on the uncertainty of the results obtained from this practice. As the specimen area decreases this ratio decreases, a smaller percentage of the total heat flow is associated with the unknown specimen. Information from the literature (4) shows that some heat-flow-meter apparatus, generally not available commercially and used by the research laboratories only, can be modified to change out the heat flux transducer so that transducers of varying sizes can be deployed. The observat...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the measurement of steady state thermal transmission properties of the small flat slab thermal insulation specimen using a heat-flow-meter apparatus.  
1.2 This practice provides a supplemental procedure for use in conjunction with Test Method C518 for testing a small specimen. This practice is limited to only small specimens and, in all other particulars, the requirements of Test Method C518 apply.  
1.3 This practice characterizes small specimens having lateral dimensions less than the lateral dimensions of the heat flux transducer used to measure the heat flow. The procedure in Test Method C518 shall be used for specimens having lateral dimensions equal to or larger than the lateral dimensions of the heat flux transducer.
Note 1: The lower limit for specimen size is typically determined by the user for their particular material. As an example, Ref. (1)2 established a lower limit for specimen dimensions of 0.1 m by 0.1 m for several different thermal insulation materials for a 0.3 m by 0.3 m heat-flow-meter apparatus having a heat flux transducer 0.15 m by 0.15 m.  
1.4 This practice is intended only for research purposes, in particular, when larger specimens are unavailable. This practice shall not be used in conjunction with Test Method C518 for certification testing of products; compliance with ASTM Specifications; or compliance with regulatory or building code requirements.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this practice.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationall...

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ASTM
ASTM C1199-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Steady-State Thermal Transmittance of Fenestration Systems Using Hot Box Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method details the calibration and testing procedures and necessary additional temperature instrumentation required in applying Test Method C1363 to measure the thermal transmittance of fenestration systems mounted vertically in the thermal chamber.  
4.2 The thermal transmittance of a test specimen is affected by its size and three-dimensional geometry. Care must be exercised when extrapolating to product sizes smaller or larger than the test specimen. Therefore, it is recommended that fenestration systems be tested at the recommended sizes specified in Practice E1423 or NFRC 100.  
4.3 Since both temperature and surface heat transfer coefficient conditions affect results, use of recommended conditions will assist in reducing confusion caused by comparing results of tests performed under dissimilar conditions. Standardized test conditions for determining the thermal transmittance of fenestration systems are specified in Practice E1423 and Section 6.2. The performance of a test specimen measured at standardized test conditions is potentially different than the performance of the same fenestration product when installed in the wall of a building located outdoors. Standardized test conditions often represent extreme summer or winter design conditions, which are potentially different than the average conditions typically experienced by a fenestration product installed in an exterior wall. For the purpose of comparison, it is essential to calibrate with surface heat transfer coefficients on the Calibration Transfer Standard (CTS) which are as close as possible to the conventionally accepted values for building design; however, this procedure can be used at other conditions for research purposes or product development.  
4.4 Similarly, it would be desirable to have a surround panel that closely duplicates the actual wall where the fenestration system would be installed. Since there are such a wide variety of fenestration system openings in North American...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers requirements and guidelines and specifies calibration procedures required for the measurement of the steady-state thermal transmittance of fenestration systems installed vertically in the test chamber. This test method specifies the necessary measurements to be made using measurement systems conforming to Test Method C1363 for determination of fenestration system thermal transmittance.  
Note 1: This test method allows the testing of projecting fenestration products (that is, garden windows, skylights, and roof windows) installed vertically in a surround panel. Current research on skylights, roof windows, and projecting products hopefully will provide additional information that can be added to the next version of this test method so that skylight and roof windows can be tested horizontally or at some angle typical of a sloping roof.  
1.2 This test method refers to the thermal transmittance, U of a fenestration system installed vertically in the absence of solar radiation and air leakage effects.
Note 2: The methods described in this document may also be adapted for use in determining the thermal transmittance of sections of building wall, and roof and floor assemblies containing thermal anomalies, which are smaller than the hot box metering area.  
1.3 This test method describes how to determine the thermal transmittance, US of a fenestration product (also called test specimen) at well-defined environmental conditions. The thermal transmittance is also a reported test result from Test Method C1363. If only the thermal transmittance is reported using this test method, the test report must also include a detailed description of the environmental conditions in the thermal chamber during the test as outlined in 10.1.14.  
1.4 For rating purposes, this test method also describes how to calculate a standardized thermal transmittance,  UST, which can be used to compare test results from labor...

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