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ASTM E1425-14

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Determining the Acoustical Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylight, and Glazed Wall Systems

Standard Practice for Determining the Acoustical Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylight, and Glazed Wall Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Air Leakage Relative to Sound Transmission—Certain frequencies are more susceptible to sound transmission through cavities or discontinuities in the test specimen; therefore, the air leakage of the test specimen is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to air tightness.
Note 1: The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document provides air leakage acceptance criteria for these products based on their performance class. Acoustical products could require a lower air leakage rate than what is required in this standard in order to achieve the desired acoustical performance.  
4.2 Operating Force Relative to Sound Transmission—The use of specific sealing components to achieve a given sound rating could affect operating force of the vertical or horizontal sliding sash or panels of the assembly; therefore, operating force is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to sash or panel operating forces.
Note 2: The opening force in 28 CFR Part 36 ADA for interior hinged doors and sliding doors is limited to 5 lbf (22.2 N). The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document provides operating force acceptance criteria for products based on their performance class.  
4.3 Latching Force Relative to Sound Transmission—Latching force can affect the compression of seals and the amount of damping applied to the system that in turn affects the air leakage and the acoustical performance. The use of specific sealing components and latching/locking hardware can affect the force required to close and latch the door under test. The latching force is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to sash or panel latching conditions.
Note 3: The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document states that the maximum force to latch shall be measured and reported.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes requirements for testing and rating acoustical performance of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems, regardless of their method or materials of manufacture.  
1.1.1 Operating force, latching force, and air leakage are integral elements of the acoustical performance of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems. This practice requires (when applicable) the concurrent testing of operating force, latching force, and air leakage, in addition to the sound transmission loss test.  
1.2 This practice establishes the test methodology, specimen criteria, and classification rating system for purposes of determining the acoustical performance levels of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems only, and not through openings between such assemblies and adjacent construction.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2014
ICS
91.060.50 - Doors and windows
Technical Committee
E06 - Performance of Buildings
Drafting Committee
E06.51 - Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1425 − 14
Standard Practice for
Determining the Acoustical Performance of Windows,
1
Doors, Skylight, and Glazed Wall Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1425; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and
Elements
1.1 This practice establishes requirements for testing and
E283 Test Method for Determining Rate of Air Leakage
rating acoustical performance of window, door, skylight, and
Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors
glazed wall systems, regardless of their method or materials of
Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Speci-
manufacture.
men
1.1.1 Operating force, latching force, and air leakage are
E413 Classification for Rating Sound Insulation
integral elements of the acoustical performance of window,
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
door, skylight, and glazed wall systems. This practice requires
E1332 Classification for Rating Outdoor-Indoor Sound At-
(when applicable) the concurrent testing of operating force,
tenuation
latching force, and air leakage, in addition to the sound
E2068 Test Method for Determination of Operating Force of
transmission loss test.
Sliding Windows and Doors
1.2 This practice establishes the test methodology, specimen
2.2 Other Standards:
criteria, and classification rating system for purposes of deter-
3
28 CFR Part 36 ADA Standards for Accessible Design
mining the acoustical performance levels of window, door,
AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101 ⁄I.S.2 ⁄A440 Standard Specifica-
skylight, and glazed wall systems only, and not through
4,5
tion for Windows, Doors, and Unit Skylights
openings between such assemblies and adjacent construction.
4
AAMA 501 Methods of Tests for Exterior Walls
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
NFRC 100 Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product
6
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
U Factors
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
ISO 140 Acoustics—Measurement of sound insulation in
7
and are not considered standard.
buildings and of building elements
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
practice, refer to Terminologies C634 and E631, unless other-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
wise indicated.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Significance and Use
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Air Leakage Relative to Sound Transmission—Certain
C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental
frequencies are more susceptible to sound transmission through
Acoustics
cavities or discontinuities in the test specimen; therefore, the
E90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne
3
Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor- Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
4
mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 on Available from American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA),
Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls. 1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4268, http://
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014. Published September 2014. Originally www.aamanet.org.
5
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E1425 – 07. DOI: Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,
10.1520/E1425-14. Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http://www.csa.ca.
2 6
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC), 6305 Ivy Lane,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Suite 140 Greenbelt, MD 20770, http://www.nfrc.org.
7
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
the ASTM website. la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1425 − 14
air leakage of the test specimen is reported to allow the 5. Test Specimen
approving authority information r
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1425 − 07 E1425 − 14
Standard Practice for
Determining the Acoustical Performance of Windows,
1
Doors, Skylight, and Glazed Wall Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1425; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice establishes requirements for testing and rating acoustical performance of window, door, skylight, and glazed
wall systems, regardless of their method or materials of manufacture.
1.1.1 Operating force, latching force, and air leakage are integral elements of the acoustical performance of window, door,
skylight, and glazed wall systems. This practice requires (when applicable) the concurrent testing of operating force, latching force,
and air leakage, in addition to the sound transmission loss test.
1.2 This practice establishes the test methodology, specimen criteria, and classification rating system for purposes of
determining the acoustical performance levels of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems only, and not through openings
between such assemblies and adjacent construction.
1.3 The values stated in SIinch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
E90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements
E283 Test Method for Determining Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified
Pressure Differences Across the Specimen
E413 Classification for Rating Sound Insulation
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E1332 Classification for Rating Outdoor-Indoor Sound Attenuation
E2068 Test Method for Determination of Operating Force of Sliding Windows and Doors
2.2 Other Standards:
3
28 CFR Part 36 ADA Standards for Accessible Design
4,5
AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101 ⁄I.S.2 ⁄A440 Standard Specification for Windows, Doors, and Unit Skylights
4
AAMA 501 Methods of Tests for Exterior Walls
6
NFRC 100 Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product U Factors
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 on Performance
of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007Sept. 1, 2014. Published November 2007September 2014. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 19992007
as E1827 – 91 (1999).E1425 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/E1425-07.10.1520/E1425-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA
19111-5098, http://www.dodssp.daps.mil. 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
4
Available from the American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA), 1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, Illinois 60173-4268. IL
60173-4268, http://www.aamanet.org.
5
Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http://www.csa.ca.
6
Available from the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC), 6305 Ivy Lane, Suite 140 Greenbelt, MD 20770.20770, http://www.nfrc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1425 − 14
7
ISO 140 Acoustics—Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminologies C634 and E631, un
...

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Standard Practice for Determining the Effects of Temperature Cycling on Fenestration Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fenestration products, when exposed to differential temperatures (constant higher or lower temperatures on the exterior and room temperature on the interior), or temperature cycling (relatively constant room temperature on the interior and repeated cycling of higher and lower temperatures on the exterior), will have stresses induced on components that may cause failure or changes in overall system performance. Some of these changes may be temporary, with their effects on system performance lasting only during the cyclical temperature exposure. Other changes may be more permanent because of the failure of critical components or irreversible changes in those critical components that control overall system performance.  
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1.1 This practice covers the testing of any fenestration products that are installed with the exterior surface exposed to weathering conditions. It is intended to measure the response of the fenestration product to temperature cycles with the temperature changes being induced by controlling the air temperature on the exterior (weather side) or by exposing the product to infrared radiation, or both. When tested using this practice, fenestration products are exposed to standard cycles of elevated and depressed ambient air and surface temperatures. Test methods are specified for evaluating changes in performance that may occur as a result of temperature cycling. With this practice, seasonal and diurnal temperature conditions are simulated in a controlled laboratory apparatus.  
1.2 In this practice, two test methods, Test Method A and Test Method B, are described for exposing the exterior surface of fenestration products to the elevated portion of a standardized temperature cycle. The purpose for providing two test methods of exposure is to address two distinct needs of the fenestration industry.  
1.2.1 Test Method A uses infrared radiation to increase the surface temperature of the fenestration product and uses a black panel temperature sensor placed in front of the specimen's exterior surface to sense the temperature. The surface temperature of the black panel temperature sensor is raised to a preset level above the exterior ambient air temperature. This provides a more realistic test for temperature exposure based on atmospheric solar radiation and its effect on the temperature increase of exterior building materials. This method should be used when the number of cycles can be large and the outcome is critical for field correlation. Test Method A is intended for comparative product evaluations.  
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ABSTRACT
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
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4.1 This practice recognizes that the effective performance of installed fenestration products is dependent in part upon following proper installation procedures and appropriate workmanship.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the installation of fenestration products in new and existing construction. For the purpose of this practice, fenestration products shall be limited to windows, sliding patio-type doors, swinging patio type doors, and skylights, as used primarily in residential and light commercial buildings.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration under uniform static air pressure differences. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.
Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, etc. It is difficult to simulate the identical complex wetting conditions that can be encountered in service, with large wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures with increasing wind velocity, and lateral or upward moving air and water. Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a uniform static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
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ASTM E2268-04(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, and Doors by Rapid Pulsed Air Pressure Difference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration during rapid cyclic pulses of dynamic air pressure differences. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.  
5.2 The median test pressure used in this test method is defined as the specified test pressure supplied by the user and related to the maximum positive building design pressure. This test method departs from the format of other ASTM water penetration resistance test methods based on a maximum test pressure related to a maximum positive building design pressure.  
5.3 As the specified or median test pressure is increased, the maximum test pressure in this procedure is also increased to 1.5 times the specification median test pressure. This higher maximum test pressure may not be representative of actual building service conditions. For this reason the maximum recommended median test pressure is 480 Pa (10 psf), which corresponds to a maximum test pressure of 720 Pa (15 psf).  
5.4 The pulsed pressure of this test method may act to pump water past dry seals and breather systems of units incorporating these features, thereby making the test method more severe than a static pressure test method. On the other hand, the low pressure portions of the pressure cycles of this test method may allow weep systems and drainage dams to dissipate water from units incorporating these features, thereby making the test method less severe than a static pressure test method.
Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, (vibration, thermal expansion and ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a rapid pulsed air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to windows, skylights, or doors alone. Those interested in testing curtain walls to rapid pulsed air pressure differences should use AAMA 501.1-94.  
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.  
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1105-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Installed Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls, by Uniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration under uniform or cyclic static air pressure differences of installed exterior windows, skylights, curtain walls, and doors. The air-pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. These factors should be considered fully prior to specifying the test pressure difference to be used.
Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, and so forth. It is difficult to simulate the identical complex wetting conditions that can be encountered in service, with large wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures with increasing wind velocity, and lateral or upward moving air and water. Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.
Note 2: This test method does not identify unobservable liquid water which may penetrate into the test specimen.  
5.2 Laboratory tests are designed to give an indication of the performance of an assembly. Field performance may vary from laboratory performance since the supporting structure for the test specimen, methods of mounting, and sealing in the laboratory can only simulate the actual conditions that will exist in the building. Shipping, handling, installation, acts of subsequent trades, aging, and other environmental conditions all may have an adverse effect upon the performance of the installed product. This field test procedure provides a means for determining the performance of a product once installed in the building.  
5.3 The field test may be made at the time the window, skylight, curtain-wall, or door assemblies are initially installed ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of installed exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to any curtain-wall area or to windows, skylights, or doors alone. It is intended primarily for determining the resistance to water penetration through such assemblies for compliance with specified performance criteria, but it may also be used to determine the resistance to penetration through the joints between the assemblies and the adjacent construction. Other procedures may be appropriate to identify sources of leakage.  
1.3 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.  
1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.1.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on...

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ASTM E1425-14(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining the Acoustical Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylight, and Glazed Wall Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Air Leakage Relative to Sound Transmission—Certain frequencies are more susceptible to sound transmission through cavities or discontinuities in the test specimen; therefore, the air leakage of the test specimen is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to air tightness.
Note 1: The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document provides air leakage acceptance criteria for these products based on their performance class. Acoustical products could require a lower air leakage rate than what is required in this standard in order to achieve the desired acoustical performance.  
4.2 Operating Force Relative to Sound Transmission—The use of specific sealing components to achieve a given sound rating could affect operating force of the vertical or horizontal sliding sash or panels of the assembly; therefore, operating force is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to sash or panel operating forces.
Note 2: The opening force in 28 CFR Part 36 ADA for interior hinged doors and sliding doors is limited to 5 lbf (22.2 N). The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document provides operating force acceptance criteria for products based on their performance class.  
4.3 Latching Force Relative to Sound Transmission—Latching force can affect the compression of seals and the amount of damping applied to the system that in turn affects the air leakage and the acoustical performance. The use of specific sealing components and latching/locking hardware can affect the force required to close and latch the door under test. The latching force is reported to allow the approving authority information relative to sash or panel latching conditions.
Note 3: The AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 document states that the maximum force to latch shall be measured and reported.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes requirements for testing and rating acoustical performance of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems, regardless of their method or materials of manufacture.  
1.1.1 Operating force, latching force, and air leakage are integral elements of the acoustical performance of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems. This practice requires (when applicable) the concurrent testing of operating force, latching force, and air leakage, in addition to the sound transmission loss test.  
1.2 This practice establishes the test methodology, specimen criteria, and classification rating system for purposes of determining the acoustical performance levels of window, door, skylight, and glazed wall systems only, and not through openings between such assemblies and adjacent construction.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E2068-00(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Operating Force of Sliding Windows and Doors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method determines the operational forces of sliding windows and doors by simulating force applied by hand directly to movable sash or panels. Breakaway and in-motion operating forces are measures of the ease of operation of fenestration products. Product specifications, building codes, and building specifications establish operating force limits as measures of product performance or limits for handicapped accessibility, or both.  
5.2 Window and door performance standards for air infiltration and water penetration in some cases require operating force measurements to be made and reported as an indication of the operability of the test specimen.  
5.3 Operating forces can vary significantly from unit to unit due to factors such as installation parameters, wearing of sliding or rolling parts, lubrication, stiffening or softening of weather-strip, and environmental factors (for example, humidity, temperature, accumulation of dirt, and so forth). Therefore, when applied to new product designs, this test method requires that units be tested in a laboratory under controlled conditions including accurate mounting (plumb, square, and level) following the manufacturer's instructions. Use of this test method in the field does not necessarily indicate the operating forces that are inherent in the particular window design, but rather, provides a measurement of the forces required for operation of the particular unit at the particular time. The user is cautioned that installation defects such as bowed jambs, racked frames, or inadequate anchoring can result in binding or sticking of movable components and increased operating forces.  
5.4 This test method requires measurement of both breakaway and in-motion operating forces. Generally, breakaway force is higher than in-motion operating force due to the difference between static and dynamic friction coefficients or the presence of weather-stripping and sash pockets, or both. Traditional fenestration product stand...
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1.1 This test method determines the operating forces for opening and closing horizontal and vertical sliding windows and horizontal sliding door systems. It does not address the forces required for opening pivoting, projecting, or other fenestration systems. This test method does not address the use or performance of add-on devices or mechanical operators that might be installed to reduce operating forces of sliding windows or doors. It deals only with the forces necessary to open and close a sash or panel through the direct application of force to the operable sash or panel.  
1.2 This test method is suitable for laboratory product comparisons or for qualifying products, or both, as meeting window or door operating force specifications. This test method is also suitable for use in the field to determine the operating forces required to open and close installed sliding windows and doors.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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