ASTM D4828-94(2020)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4828 − 94 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Methods for
Practical Washability of Organic Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope up to 100 cycles using a sponge and a liquid or powder
cleanser.Afterrinsinganddrying,thepanelisevaluatedforthe
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
degree of soil or stain removal, erosion, and any change in
relative ease of removal of common soil and stains from
gloss/sheen or color between the washed and unwashed area.
interior coatings by manual or mechanical washing with a
sponge and a liquid or powder cleanser.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.1 Interior architectural paints are subjected in use to
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
soiling by dirt or other stains. This test method provides a way
only.
to assess relative ease of soil or stain removal from a paint film
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
using materials common to households. This test method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
includes a way to evaluate the film for washability properties
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and changes in appearance. Thus, a formulator may evaluate
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the effects of composition on the washability properties of a
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
paint. Users may also compare the ease of soil removal from
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
different paints that are tested, preferably at the same time.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5. Apparatus
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.1 Sponge and Holder.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.2 Soil and Stain Applicator (see Fig. 1).
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.3 Weight, 100 g.
2. Referenced Documents
5.4 Balance, weighing accurately to 0.1 g.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.5 Wet Film Applicator, capable of applying a wet film of
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
0.9 mm (3.5 mil) thick by 150 mm (6 in.) film width.
D3450 Test Method for Washability Properties of Interior
1 1
Architectural Coatings
5.6 GlassPlate, 455 by 165 mm by 6.3 mm (17 ⁄2 by 6 ⁄2 by
D3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Condi-
⁄4 in.).
tioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
5.7 Washability Machine.
Materials
5.8 Black Plastic Panels.
3. Summary of Test Method
5.9 Masking Tape.
3.1 The test material is applied to a plastic panel and
5.10 Straightedge,approximately430mm(17in.)inlength.
allowed to dry for 7 days or as mutually agreed. Soilants or
5.11 Cotton Tipped Swabs.
stains, or both, are applied to the film. The film is washed for
5.12 Medicine Droppers.
5.13 Suction Plate, for drawdowns.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
6. Reagents and Materials
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally
6.1 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4828 – 94 (2016).
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined
DOI: 10.1520/D4828-94R20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or by Type IV of Specification D1193.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.2 Soil and Staining Medium—Examples found acceptable
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. for use with this test method include, but are not limited to
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D4828 − 94 (2020)
FIG. 1 Solid Soil and Stain Application
pencil, crayon, mercurochrome, ball-point pen, waterborne 8.2 Stir the material thoroughly and strain, if necessary, to
felt-tip markers, lipstick and mineral-oil-borne soilant as out- remove all skins and particles. Draw down the coating on the
lined in Test Method D3450. panel.Apply the coating in 3 to 4 s from end to end to prevent
pin holes or holidays in the film. Prepare enough panels with
6.3 Cleaning Media—Examples found acceptable for use
each paint for all the projected tests. Air dry all panels in a
with this test method include, but are not limited to, commer-
horizontal position for 7 days in a room maintained at 23 6
cial liquid cleansers, laboratory-standardized liquid cleaners as
2°C (73 6 3.5°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity as described
outlined in Test Method D3450, and powder cleansers. Powder
in Specification D3924, or under conditions specifically appli-
cleansers containing chlorine may affect the color of the
cable to the material under test.
washed portion of the test panel.
NOTE 2—If desired, an extra panel of each paint may be prepared to
7. Preparation of Apparatus
serve as its unwashed control.
7.1 Washability Machine—Level the apparatus before use
8.3 Application of Soilants and Stains:
and operate at 37 6 1 cpm. (A cycle consists of a complete
8.3.1 Atthecompletionofthedryingperiod,tapethecoated
forward and reverse stroke.)
panel to the glass plate, as directed in 8.1, to ensure uniform
7.2 SpongeandHolder—Add sufficient weight to the holder application of the soilants and stains. Apply the selected
in the form of metal sheets or other flat weights to give a
soilants or stains, or both, to the coating film in straight pairs
combined weight of 1000 g, including the dry sponge. of lines parallel to the length of the panel for the manual
method of cleaning, or perpendicular to the length of the panel
NOTE 1—Check the compression of the damp sponge under the 1000-g
for the mechanical method of cleaning.
weight to ensure that the holder does not drag along the panel and tear the
film.
8.3.2 Apply solid soilants or stains using the apparatus
showninFig.1.Insertpencil,crayon,pen,orsimilaritemsinto
8. Procedure
theappropriatelysizedholeandsecureitspositionsoitextends
8.1 Clean the top of the glass plate and both sides of the 40 mm (1 ⁄2 in.) beyond the panel (see Fig. 1(a)). Secure the
black plastic panel to be sure they are free of specks. Place the medium in position with a piece of masking tape (see Fig.
black panel on the glass plate and tape one end to the plate. 1(b)). Put the applicator at one end of the coated plastic panel
Smooth the panel along the plate to ensure a close fit. and place the 100-g weight on the top face of the wooden panel
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