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ASTM E805-12a(2017)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials

Standard Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The options available in methods for the measurement of color or color-difference are many. These involve choices in: (1) specimens, (2) geometric and spectral properties of instruments, (3) calibration bases for standards used, (4) procedure for sample handling including conditioning, (5) procedure for taking data, and (6) equations for converting instrumental data to final results. Once the measurements have been made, it is essential to document what has been done for the purpose of interlaboratory comparisons, or for future use. A sample form is provided in Fig. 1 to record identifying information applicable to any instrumental method of color or color-difference measurement.
FIG. 1 Sample Report Form    
Metadata for Color or Color Difference Measurement of Specimens  
4.2 Refer to Guide E179, Practices E991, E1164, E1345, E1708, E1767, E2152, and E2194 and Test Methods D5386, D6166, E1247, E1331, E1347, E1348, and E1349, for specific details of measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the documentation of instrumental measurement of color or color difference for current communication or for future reference. The practice is applicable to instrumental measurements of materials where color is seen by reflected, transmitted or emitted light and any combinations of one or more of these processes. The practice is recommended for documentation of methodology in interlaboratory color-measurement programs.  
1.2 Providing an adequate identification of an instrumental measure of color or color-difference involves documenting the metadata necessary for archiving and future use of the measurement data collected. The metadata can be divided in five parts:  
1.2.1 Nature and source of available samples and the form of specimens actually measured,  
1.2.2 Instrumental conditions of measurement, including instrument geometrical and spectral conditions of measurement,  
1.2.3 Standards used,  
1.2.4 Data acquisition procedure, and  
1.2.5 Color scales employed.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2017
ICS
17.180.20 - Colours and measurement of light
Technical Committee
E12 - Color and Appearance
Drafting Committee
E12.04 - Color and Appearance Analysis
Current Stage
Ref Project

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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E805 −12a (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Practice for
Identification of Instrumental Methods of Color or Color-
Difference Measurement of Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E805; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice covers the documentation of instrumental
D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products
measurement of color or color difference for current commu-
(Saybolt Chromometer Method)
nication or for future reference. The practice is applicable to
D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
instrumental measurements of materials where color is seen by
Cobalt Scale)
reflected, transmitted or emitted light and any combinations of
D1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
one or more of these processes. The practice is recommended
(ASTM Color Scale)
for documentation of methodology in interlaboratory color-
D1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
measurement programs.
D1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gard-
1.2 Providing an adequate identification of an instrumental
ner Color Scale)
measure of color or color-difference involves documenting the
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
metadata necessary for archiving and future use of the mea-
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
surement data collected. The metadata can be divided in five
Coordinates
parts:
D5386 Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus
1.2.1 Nature and source of available samples and the form Colorimetry
of specimens actually measured,
D6166 Test Method for Color of Pine Chemicals and Re-
lated Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner
1.2.2 Instrumental conditions of measurement, including
Color)
instrument geometrical and spectral conditions of
E179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for
measurement,
Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties
1.2.3 Standards used,
of Materials
1.2.4 Data acquisition procedure, and
E259 Practice for Preparation of Pressed Powder White
1.2.5 Color scales employed.
Reflectance Factor Transfer Standards for Hemispherical
and Bi-Directional Geometries
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E284 Terminology of Appearance
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E308 PracticeforComputingtheColorsofObjectsbyUsing
responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and
the CIE System
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
E991 Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Speci-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
mens Using the One-Monochromator Method
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
E1164 PracticeforObtainingSpectrometricDataforObject-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Color Evaluation
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
E1247 Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-Color
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Specimens by Spectrophotometry
E1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and
Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Color and
Appearance Analysis. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E805 – 12a. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0805-12AR17. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E805−12a (2017)
Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry thepurposeofinterlaboratorycomparisons,orforfutureuse.A
E1345 Practice for Reducing the Effect of Variability of sample form is provided in Fig. 1 to record identifying
Color Measurement by Use of Multiple Measurements information applicable to any instrumental method of color or
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea- color-difference measurement.
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
4.2 Refer to Guide E179, Practices E991, E1164, E1345,
E1348 Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spec-
E1708, E1767, E2152, and E2194 and Test Methods D5386,
trophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
D6166, E1247, E1331, E1347, E1348, and E1349, for specific
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
details of measurements.
Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°)
5. Identification of Samples and Specimens
Geometry
E1708 Practice for Electronic Interchange of Color and
5.1 Identification of Samples and Specimens:
Appearance Data
5.1.1 Identify samples by material and form, together with
E1767 Practice for Specifying the Geometries of Observa-
markings or document identification.
tion and Measurement to Characterize the Appearance of
5.1.2 Markeachspecimenwithaserialnumberorletter,and
Materials
other identifying markings.
E2152 Practice for Computing the Colors of Fluorescent
5.2 Description of Specimens—For specific forms of
Objects from Bispectral Photometric Data
specimens, additional identification shall be included:
E2153 Practice for Obtaining Bispectral Photometric Data
5.2.1 Solid sheet or web, specify thickness and backing
for Evaluation of Fluorescent Color
material.
E2175 Practice for Specifying the Geometry of Multiangle
5.2.2 Powder or granular substance (packed or poured); if
Spectrophotometers
placed behind window, state material and thickness.
E2194 Test Method for Multiangle Color Measurement of
5.2.3 Fiber or yarn, describe form, type of transparent
Metal Flake Pigmented Materials
specimen window (if used), pressure on backing plate.
E2729 Practice for Rectification of Spectrophotometric
5.2.4 Paste (if placed behind window), state material and
Bandpass Differences
thickness.
2.2 Other Standard Documents:
5.2.5 Liquid (if observed through window), state window
CIE Publication 51 A Method for Assessing the Quality of
material and path length.
Daylight Simulators for Colorimetry
5.2.6 Film drawdown, specify film thickness and back-
DIN 6176 Farbmetrische, Bestimmung von Farbabstände
4 ground.
bie Körperfarben nach der DIN99–Formel
5.2.7 For gonioapparent materials, identify the direction of
illumination and viewing relative to the specimen.
3. Terminology
5.2.8 Conditioning, if any.
3.1 DefinitionsoftermsinTerminologyE284areapplicable
NOTE 2—When specimens are measured behind glass or other material,
to this practice.
specify thickness and material type. In addition, specify the method used
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
for data correction.
3.3 metadata, n—structered information that describes,
6. Identification of Instrument
explains, locates, and otherwise makes it easier to retrieve and
use an information resource (1). 6.1 Sufficient description of the instrumentation shall be
provided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to reproduce
NOTE 1—In the case of color and color difference measurements, the
the measurement. The make and model number of the instru-
data about the instrument, the measurement procedure, the treatment of
ment used shall be reported.
the specimen, identification of color scale and the calculations are to be
included in the metadata.
6.2 For interlaboratory comparisons, long-term studies, and
measurements used to document conformance to a color
4. Significance and Use
specification, the physical properties of the instrument shall be
4.1 The options available in methods for the measurement
identified by it, as follows:
ofcolororcolor-differencearemany.Theseinvolvechoicesin:
6.2.1 Mode of Measurement—such as transmittance factor,
(1) specimens, (2) geometric and spectral properties of
reflectance factor, total radiance factor, etc.
instruments, (3) calibration bases for standards used, (4)
6.2.2 Geometric Properties of Instrument—for multi-angle
procedure for sample handling including conditioning, (5)
spectrophotometers following Practice E2175 or for all others
procedure for taking data, and (6) equations for converting
following Practice E1767 the influx geometry and eflux geom-
instrumental data to final results. Once the measurements have
etry including aperture angles and sizes.
been made, it is essential to document what has been done for
6.2.3 Specular Component—where hemispherical illumina-
tion or view is employed, or both, but the specular light is
excluded by means of a light trap, designate by the words
Available from CIE (International Commission on Illumination), http://
www.cie.co.at or http://www.techstreet.
“specular excl
...


This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E805 − 12a E805 − 12a (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Practice for
Identification of Instrumental Methods of Color or Color-
Difference Measurement of Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E805; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the documentation of instrumental measurement of color or color difference for current communication
or for future reference. The practice is applicable to instrumental measurements of materials where color is seen by reflected,
transmitted or emitted light and any combinations of one or more of these processes. The practice is recommended for
documentation of methodology in interlaboratory color-measurement programs.
1.2 Providing an adequate identification of an instrumental measure of color or color-difference involves documenting the
metadata necessary for archiving and future use of the measurement data collected. The metadata can be divided in five parts:
1.2.1 Nature and source of available samples and the form of specimens actually measured,
1.2.2 Instrumental conditions of measurement, including instrument geometrical and spectral conditions of measurement,
1.2.3 Standards used,
1.2.4 Data acquisition procedure, and
1.2.5 Color scales employed.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)
D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
D1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
D1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
D5386 Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus Colorimetry
D6166 Test Method for Color of Pine Chemicals and Related Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner Color)
E179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties of Materials
E259 Practice for Preparation of Pressed Powder White Reflectance Factor Transfer Standards for Hemispherical and
Bi-Directional Geometries
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
E991 Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Specimens Using the One-Monochromator Method
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Color and
Appearance Analysis.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012May 1, 2017. Published August 2012May 2017. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as
E805 – 12.E805 – 12a. DOI: 10.1520/E0805-12A.10.1520/E0805-12AR17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E805 − 12a (2017)
E1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation
E1247 Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-Color Specimens by Spectrophotometry
E1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
E1345 Practice for Reducing the Effect of Variability of Color Measurement by Use of Multiple Measurements
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
E1348 Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°) Geometry
E1708 Practice for Electronic Interchange of Color and Appearance Data
E1767 Practice for Specifying the Geometries of Observation and Measurement to Characterize the Appearance of Materials
E2152 Practice for Computing the Colors of Fluorescent Objects from Bispectral Photometric Data
E2153 Practice for Obtaining Bispectral Photometric Data for Evaluation of Fluorescent Color
E2175 Practice for Specifying the Geometry of Multiangle Spectrophotometers
E2194 Test Method for Multiangle Color Measurement of Metal Flake Pigmented Materials
E2729 Practice for Rectification of Spectrophotometric Bandpass Differences
2.2 Other Standard Documents:
CIE Publication 51 A Method for Assessing the Quality of Daylight Simulators for Colorimetry
DIN 6176 Farbmetrische, Bestimmung von Farbabstände bie Körperfarben nach der DIN99–Formel
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of terms in Terminology E284 are applicable to this practice.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.3 metadata, n—structered information that describes, explains, locates, and otherwise makes it easier to retrieve and use an
information resource (1).
NOTE 1—In the case of color and color difference measurements, the data about the instrument, the measurement procedure, the treatment of the
specimen, identification of color scale and the calculations are to be included in the metadata.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The options available in methods for the measurement of color or color-difference are many. These involve choices in: (1)
specimens, (2) geometric and spectral properties of instruments, (3) calibration bases for standards used, (4) procedure for sample
handling including conditioning, (5) procedure for taking data, and (6) equations for converting instrumental data to final results.
Once the measurements have been made, it is essential to document what has been done for the purpose of interlaboratory
comparisons, or for future use. A sample form is provided in Fig. 1 to record identifying information applicable to any instrumental
method of color or color-difference measurement.
4.2 Refer to Guide E179, Practices E991, E1164, E1345, E1708, E1767, E2152, and E2194 and Test Methods D5386, D6166,
E1247, E1331, E1347, E1348, and E1349, for specific details of measurements.
5. Identification of Samples and Specimens
5.1 Identification of Samples and Specimens:
5.1.1 Identify samples by material and form, together with markings or document identification.
5.1.2 Mark each specimen with a serial number or letter, and other identifying markings.
5.2 Description of Specimens—For specific forms of specimens, additional identification shall be included:
5.2.1 Solid sheet or web, specify thickness and backing material.
5.2.2 Powder or granular substance (packed or poured); if placed behind window, state material and thickness.
5.2.3 Fiber or yarn, describe form, type of transparent specimen window (if used), pressure on backing plate.
5.2.4 Paste (if placed behind window), state material and thickness.
5.2.5 Liquid (if observed through window), state window material and path length.
5.2.6 Film drawdown, specify film thickness and background.
5.2.7 For gonioapparent materials, identify the direction of illumination and viewing relative to the specimen.
5.2.8 Conditioning, if any.
NOTE 2—When specimens are measured behind glass or other material, specify thickness and material type. In addition, specify the method used for
data correction.
Available via the website of the CIE Central Bureau (www.cie.co.at).from CIE (International Commission on Illumination), http://www.cie.co.at or http://www.techstreet.
Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN–Deutsches Institut fur Normung e.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787, Berlin, Germany, http://www.en.din.de.
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this practice.
E805 − 12a (2017)
Metadata for Color or Color Difference Measurement of Specimens
FIG. 1 Sample Report Form
6. Identification of Instrument
6.1 Sufficient description of the instrumentation shall be provided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to reproduce the
measurement. The make and model number of the instrument used shall be reported.
6.2 For interlaboratory comparisons, long-term studies, and measurements used to document conformance to a color
specification, the physical properties of the instrument shall be identified by it, as follows:
6.2.1 Mode of Measurement—such as transmittance factor, reflectance facto
...

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ASTM E2214-23(Practice)
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5.1 In today's commerce, instrument makers and instrument users must deal with a large array of bench-top and portable color-measuring instruments, many with different geometric and spectral characteristics. At the same time, manufacturers of colored goods are adopting quality management systems that require periodic verification of the performance of the instruments that are critical to the quality of the final product. The technology involved in optics and electro-optics has progressed greatly over the last decade. The result has been a generation of instruments that are both more affordable and higher in performance. What had been a tool for the research laboratory is now available to the retail point of sale, to manufacturing, to design, and to corporate communications. New documentary standards have been published that encourage the use of colorimeters, spectrocolorimeters, and colorimetric spetrometers in applications previously dominated by visual expertise or by filter densitometers.7 Therefore, it is necessary to determine if an instrument is suitable to the application and to verify that an instrument or instruments are working within the required operating parameters.  
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SCOPE
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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1247-12(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-Color Specimens by Spectrophotometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Several standards, including Practices E991, E1164, and Test Methods E1331, E1348 and E1349, require either the presence or absence of fluorescence exhibited by the specimen for correct application. This practice provides spectrophotometric procedures for identifying the presence of fluorescence in materials.  
4.2 This practice is applicable to all object-color specimens, whether opaque, translucent, or transparent, meeting the requirements for specimens in the appropriate standards listed in 2.1. Translucent specimens should be measured by reflectance, with a standard non-fluorescent backing material, usually but not necessarily black, placed behind the specimen during measurement.  
4.3 This practice requires the use of a spectrophotometer in which the spectral distribution of the illumination on the specimen can be altered by the user in one of several ways. The modification of the illumination can either be by the insertion of optical filters between the illuminating source and the specimen, without interfering with the detection of the radiation from the specimen, or by interchange of the illuminating and detecting systems of the instrument or by scanning of both the illuminating energy and detection output as in the two-monochromator method.  
4.4 The confirmation of the presence of fluorescence is made by the comparison of spectral curves, color difference, or single parameter difference such as ΔY between the measurements.
Note 2: In editions of E1247 – 92 and earlier, the test of fluorescence was the two sets of spectral transmittances or radiance factor (reflectance factors) differ by 1 % of full scale at the wavelength of greatest difference.  
4.5 Either bidirectional or hemispherical instrument geometry may be used in this practice. The instrument must be capable of providing either broadband (white light) irradiation on the specimen or monochromatic irradiation and monochromatic detection.  
4.6 This practice describes methods to detect the...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides spectrophotometric methods for detecting the presence of fluorescence in object-color specimens.
Note 1: Since the addition of fluorescing agents (colorants, whitening agents, etc.) is often intentional by the manufacturer of a material, information on the presence or absence of fluorescent properties in a specimen may often be obtained from the maker of the material.  
1.2 This practice requires the use of a spectrophotometer that both irradiates the specimen over the wavelength range from 340 nm to 700 nm and allows the spectral distribution of illumination on the specimen to be altered as desired.  
1.3 Within the above limitations, this practice is general in scope rather than specific as to instrument or material.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1336-11(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Obtaining Colorimetric Data From a Visual Display Unit by Spectroradiometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The most fundamental method for obtaining CIE tristimulus values or other color coordinates for describing the colors of visual display units (VDUs) is by the use of spectroradiometric data. (See CIE No. 18 and 63.) These data are used by summation together with numerical values representing the 1931 CIE Standard Observer and normalized to Km, the maximum spectral luminous efficacy function.  
5.2 The special requirements for characterizing VDUs possessing narrow or discontinuous spectra are presented and discussed. Modifications to the requirements of Practice E308 are given to correct for the unusual nature of narrow or discontinuous sources.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method prescribes the instrumental measurements required for characterizing the color and brightness of VDUs.  
1.2 This test method is specific in scope rather than general as to type of instrument and object.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E2867-14(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Estimating Uncertainty of Test Results Derived from Spectrophotometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many competent measurement laboratories comply with accepted quality system requirements such as ISO 9001, QS 9000, or ISO 17025. When using standard test methods, the measurement results should agree with those from other similar laboratories within the combined uncertainty limits of the laboratories’ measurement systems. It is for this reason that quality system requirements demand that a statement of the uncertainty of the test results accompany every test result.  
5.2 Preparation of uncertainty estimates is a requirement for laboratory certification under ISO 17025. This practice describes the procedures by which such uncertainty estimates may be calculated.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a protocol to be utilized by measurement laboratories for estimating and reporting the uncertainty of a measurement result when the result is derived from a measurand that has been obtained by spectrophotometry.  
1.2 This practice is specifically limited to the reporting of uncertainty of color measurement results that are reported as color-differences in ΔE format, even though the measurement itself may be reported in other units such as percent reflectance or transmittance.  
1.3 The procedures defined here are not intended to be applicable to national standardizing laboratories or transfer laboratories.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2244-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The original CIE color scales based on tristimulus values X, Y, Z and chromaticity coordinates x, y are not uniform visually. Each subsequent color scale based on CIE values has had weighting factors applied to provide some degree of uniformity so that color differences in various regions of color space will be more nearly comparable. On the other hand, color differences obtained for the same specimens evaluated in different color-scale systems are not likely to be identical. To avoid confusion, color differences among specimens or the associated tolerances should be compared only when they are obtained for the same color-scale system. There is no simple factor that can be used to convert accurately color differences or color tolerances in one system to difference or tolerance units in another system for all colors of specimens.  
5.2 Color differences calculated in ΔE00 units (6) are highly recommended for use with color-differences in the range of 0.0 to 5.0 ΔE*ab units. This color-difference equation is appropriate for and widely used in industrial and commercial applications including, but not limited to, automobiles, coatings, cosmetics, inks, packaging, paints, plastics, printing, security, and textiles.  
5.3 Users of color tolerance equations have found that, in each system, summation of three, vector color-difference components into a single scalar value is very useful for determining whether a specimen color is within a specified tolerance from a standard. However, for control of color in production, it may be necessary to know not only the magnitude of the departure from standard but also the direction of this departure. It is possible to include information on the direction of a small color difference by listing the three instrumentally determined components of the color difference.  
5.4 Selection of color tolerances based on instrumental values should be carefully correlated with a visual appraisal of the acceptability of differences in hue, lig...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the calculation, from instrumentally measured color coordinates based on daylight illumination, of color tolerances and small color differences between opaque specimens such as painted panels, plastic plaques, or textile swatches. Where it is suspected that the specimens may be metameric, that is, possess different spectral curves though visually alike in color, Practice D4086 should be used to verify instrumental results. The tolerances and differences determined by these procedures are expressed in terms of approximately uniform visual color perception in CIE 1976 CIELAB opponent-color space (1),2 CMC tolerance units (2), CIE94 tolerance units (3), the DIN99o color difference formula given in DIN 6176  (4), or the CIEDE2000 color difference units (5).  
1.2 For product specification, the purchaser and the seller shall agree upon the permissible color tolerance between test specimen and reference and the procedure for calculating the color tolerance. Each material and condition of use may require specific color tolerances because other appearance factors, (for example, specimen proximity, gloss, and texture), may affect the correlation between the magnitude of a measured color difference and its commercial acceptability.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1535-14(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is used by artists, designers, scientists, engineers, and government regulators, to specify an existing or desired color. It is used in the natural sciences to record the colors of specimens, or identify specimens, such as human complexion, flowers, foliage, soils, and minerals. It is used to specify colors for commerce and for control of color-production processes, when instrumental color measurement is not economical. The Munsell system is widely used for color tolerancing, even when instrumentation is employed (see Practice D3134). It is common practice to have color chips made to illustrate an aim color and the just tolerable deviations from that color in hue, value, and chroma, such a set of chips being called a Color Tolerance Set. A color tolerance set exhibits the aim color and color tolerances so that everyone involved in the selection, production, and acceptance of the color can directly perceive the intent of the specification, before bidding to supply the color or starting production. A color tolerance set may be measured to establish instrumental tolerances. Without extensive experience, it may be impossible to visualize the meaning of numbers resulting from color measurement, but by this practice, the numbers can be translated to the Munsell color-order system, which is exemplified by colored chips for visual examination. This color-order system is the basis of the ISCC-NBS Method of Designating Colors and a Dictionary of Color Names, as well as the Universal Color Language, which associates color names, in the English language, with Munsell notations (3).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a means of specifying the colors of objects in terms of the Munsell color order system, a system based on the color-perception attributes hue, lightness, and chroma. The practice is limited to opaque objects, such as painted surfaces viewed in daylight by an observer having normal color vision. This practice provides a simple visual method as an alternative to the more precise and more complex method based on spectrophotometry and the CIE system (see Practices E308 and E1164). Provision is made for conversion of CIE data to Munsell notation.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1477-98a(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Luminous Reflectance Factor of Acoustical Materials by Use of Integrating-Sphere Reflectometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acoustical materials are often used as the entire ceiling of rooms and are therefore an important component of the lighting system. The luminous reflectance of all important components must be known in order to predict the level of illumination that will be obtained.  
5.2 The reflecting properties of a surface are measured relative to those of a standard reflector, the perfect reflecting diffuser, to provide a reflectance factor. The luminous reflectance factor is calculated for a standard illuminant, and a standard observer, for the standard hemispherical (integrating-sphere) geometry of illumination and viewing, in which all reflected radiation from an area of the surface is collected. In this way the reflecting properties of an acoustical material can be represented by a single number measured and calculated under standard conditions.  
5.3 Acoustical materials generally have a non-glossy white or near-white finish. The types of surface cover a wide range from smooth to deeply fissured. Measurement with integrating-sphere reflectometers has been satisfactory although multiple measurements may be required to sample the surface adequately. Instruments with other types of optical measuring systems may be used if it can be demonstrated that they provide equivalent results.  
5.4 The use of this test method for determining the luminous reflectance factor is required by Classification E1264.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the luminous reflectance factor of acoustical materials for use in predicting the levels of room illumination.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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