ASTM C454-10(2022)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Disintegration of Carbon Refractories by Alkali
Standard Test Method for Disintegration of Carbon Refractories by Alkali
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 The disintegration of carbon refractories by alkali attack at elevated temperatures is an important consideration in using these materials for certain applications. Disruption of carbon refractories in the test is sensitive to a number of variables, including alkali concentration, temperature, and the presence of water vapor. The procedure is suitable for guidance in product development and for relative comparisons in application work such as in blast furnace service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the behavior of carbon refractories when subjected to the action of an alkali at an elevated temperature. This destructive condition as encountered in service is accelerated in the test to show in a short time the probable behavior of the carbon refractory during use.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Oct-2022
- Technical Committee
- C08 - Refractories
- Drafting Committee
- C08.04 - Chemical Behaviors
Overview
ASTM C454-10(2022): Standard Test Method for Disintegration of Carbon Refractories by Alkali is an important international standard developed by ASTM International. This standard offers a defined test method to evaluate the behavior and durability of carbon refractories when subjected to alkali attack at elevated temperatures. Understanding the resistance of carbon refractories to alkalis is critical when these materials are used in harsh industrial settings, such as in blast furnaces, where exposure to alkalis is common. By replicating and accelerating these aggressive service conditions in a controlled laboratory setting, ASTM C454-10(2022) supports material selection and product development efforts in the refractories industry.
Key Topics
- Scope of the Test: The standard outlines a procedure to simulate and evaluate the effects of alkali (such as potassium carbonate) on carbon refractory specimens at high temperatures. The method accelerates the disintegration process, providing valuable insights in a shorter time compared to real-world conditions.
- Specimen Preparation: Carbon refractory specimens are carefully prepared to standard sizes and configurations to ensure consistent testing. Each specimen includes a central cavity to contain an alkali agent during testing.
- Testing Procedure: Specimens are exposed to elevated temperatures in kilns, using specific heating rates and controlled environments to mimic service conditions. Key parameters such as alkali concentration, temperature uniformity, and the presence of water vapor are managed to ensure repeatable results.
- Result Classification: Post-test evaluation includes visual inspection and classification of specimens based on observed damage, such as cracking or complete disintegration. Photographic documentation is used for objective assessment.
Applications
The ASTM C454-10(2022) standard is widely applied in industries that rely on the performance of carbon refractories exposed to alkalis, especially at high temperatures. Key practical applications include:
- Product Development: Manufacturers of carbon refractories use this method to compare materials and improve resistance to alkali-induced deterioration.
- Quality Assurance: The standardized procedure enables quality control teams to ensure that produced refractories meet required durability standards for specific end uses.
- Service Suitability Assessment: Engineers and plant operators can evaluate if a particular refractory material is suitable for equipment, such as blast furnaces, where exposure to alkalis is a significant concern.
- Comparative Analysis: The method enables relative comparisons between different carbon refractories under uniform, accelerated conditions, supporting informed material selection.
Proper application of this standard helps extend the service life of carbon refractories, reduces maintenance downtime, and minimizes unexpected failures in critical industrial processes.
Related Standards
To ensure a comprehensive approach to the evaluation and use of carbon refractories, consider the following related ASTM standards:
- ASTM C1171 - Test Methods for Quantitative Determination of Alkali Reactivity in Refractory Materials
- ASTM C24 - Committee working on standards for refractory materials
- ASTM C401 - Standard Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories
ASTM C454-10(2022) aligns with international standardization guidelines, as outlined by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee, ensuring global acceptance and relevance.
Keywords: carbon refractories, alkali attack, disintegration, elevated temperature, ASTM C454, blast furnace, test method, refractory durability, quality assurance, product development, alkali resistance, material testing.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM C454-10(2022) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Disintegration of Carbon Refractories by Alkali". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 2.1 The disintegration of carbon refractories by alkali attack at elevated temperatures is an important consideration in using these materials for certain applications. Disruption of carbon refractories in the test is sensitive to a number of variables, including alkali concentration, temperature, and the presence of water vapor. The procedure is suitable for guidance in product development and for relative comparisons in application work such as in blast furnace service. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the behavior of carbon refractories when subjected to the action of an alkali at an elevated temperature. This destructive condition as encountered in service is accelerated in the test to show in a short time the probable behavior of the carbon refractory during use. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 2.1 The disintegration of carbon refractories by alkali attack at elevated temperatures is an important consideration in using these materials for certain applications. Disruption of carbon refractories in the test is sensitive to a number of variables, including alkali concentration, temperature, and the presence of water vapor. The procedure is suitable for guidance in product development and for relative comparisons in application work such as in blast furnace service. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the behavior of carbon refractories when subjected to the action of an alkali at an elevated temperature. This destructive condition as encountered in service is accelerated in the test to show in a short time the probable behavior of the carbon refractory during use. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM C454-10(2022) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 71.100.99 - Other products of the chemical industry. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM C454-10(2022) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C454 − 10 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Disintegration of Carbon Refractories by Alkali
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C454; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope period, the temperature distribution over the hearth shall not
vary more than 615 °F (8 °C).
1.1 This test method covers the behavior of carbon refrac-
tories when subjected to the action of an alkali at an elevated
3.3 Potassium Carbonate (K CO )—Anhydrous granular.
2 3
temperature. This destructive condition as encountered in
service is accelerated in the test to show in a short time the
4. Test Specimens
probable behavior of the carbon refractory during use.
4.1 Ten specimens constitute a specimen set and not more
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
than one specimen is taken from a given carbon shape.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.2 Two in. (51 mm) cube specimens are cut from the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
shapes to a manner so as to maintain as many of the original
and are not considered standard.
surfaces as possible.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.3 A hole ⁄8 in. (22 mm) in diameter and 1 in. (25 mm)
deep is drilled into the center of one face of each specimen.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.4 Cut a lid from a carbon shape measuring approximately
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2by2by ⁄4 in. (50 by 50 by 6 mm) for each specimen.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5. Procedure
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.1 Dry the specimens and lids at 220 to 230 °F (105 to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
110 °C) for at least 1 h. Place8gofK CO in the hole of each
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2 3
specimen, and then place a lid over each hole.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.2 Place the prepared specimens in the sagger, using coke
2. Significance and Use
breeze as a packing material to prevent oxidation. Maintain a
2.1 The disintegration of carbon refractories by alkali attack
distance of not less than 1 in. (25 mm) between the inner wall
at elevated temperatures is an important consideration in using
of the sagger and any specimen, and not less than ⁄4 in. (6 mm)
these materials for certain applications. Disruption of carbon
between specimens. Cover the uppermost specimen with a
refractories in the test is sensitive to a number of variables,
layer of coke breeze at least 1 in. in thickness and place a
including alkali concentration, temperature, and the presence
close-fitting cover on the sagger.The lid may be sealed in place
of water vapor. The procedure is suitable for guidance in
around the outside of the sagger by the use of air-setting
product development and for relative comparisons in applica-
refractory mortar.
tion work such as in blast furnace service.
5.3 Heat the sagger assembly in the kiln at a rate not
3. Apparatus and Materia
...
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