ASTM D937-07(2019)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D937 − 07 (Reapproved 2019) British Standard 4698
Designation: 179/79(95)
Standard Test Method for
Cone Penetration of Petrolatum
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D937; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.2 penetrometer, n—an instrument that measures the
consistency or hardness of semiliquid to semisolid materials by
1.1 This test method covers measuring with a penetrometer
measuring the depth to which a specified cone or needle under
the penetration of petrolatum as an empirical measure of
a given force falls into the material.
consistency.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In this test method, a standard pen-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
etrometer cone (see Test Methods D217) is used to determine
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
the consistency of petrolatum. The penetration force is deter-
only.
mined by the total mass of the cone and shaft.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 The sample is completely melted by heating to a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
minimum temperature of 82 °C (180 °F), and then cooled
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
under controlled conditions to 25 °C (77 °F). The penetration is
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
measured with the cone and the sample at this temperature
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
using a penetrometer by means of which a standard cone is
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
applied to the sample for 5 s under a load of 150 g.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5. Significance and Use
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Petrolatum is a purified mixture of semi-solid hydrocar-
bons obtained from petroleum and is often described as an
2. Referenced Documents
unctuous mass. Cone penetration is a means of measuring the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
firmness or consistency of petrolatum. Such measurements are
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
useful for selecting or specifying, or both, a petrolatum of a
Grease
particular consistency or firmness. Cone penetration values
may or may not correlate with end-use functional properties.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
6. Apparatus
3.1.1 penetration of petrolatum—the depth, in tenths of a
6.1 Penetrometer and Cone, as specified in Test Methods
millimetre, that a standard cone will penetrate the sample under
D217.
fixed conditions of mass, time, and temperature.
6.2 Oven, capable of maintaining a minimum temperature
of 82 °C 6 2 °C (180 °F 6 5 °F) such that it is sufficient for
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
melting the petrolatum samples. The oven shall be capable of
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.10 on Properties of Petroleum Waxes and Alternative Wax-like
controlling the selected temperature to within 62 °C (65 °F).
Materials.
6.3 Water Bath, constant-temperature, regulated to 25 °C 6
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization
Committee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP Standard in 1965.
0.5 °C (77 °F 6 1 °F).
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published June 2019. Originally
6.4 Sample Containers, cylindrical, having a flat bottom
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D937 – 07 (2012).
DOI: 10.1520/D0937-07R19.
100 mm 6 6 mm (4 in. 6 ⁄4 in.) in diameter and 65 mm
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
(2 ⁄2 in.) or more in depth, constructed of at least 1.6 mm
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
(16 gauge) metal and provided with a well-fitting, watertight
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. cover.
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D937 − 07 (2019)
NOTE 1—Containers of the “ointment box” type having somewhat
setting. Finally, quickly release the plunger and hold for 5 s 6
flexible sides should not be used, for these permit slight working of the
0.1 s. Read the total penetration from the scale. Make at least
petrolatum, due to flexing of the sides in handling.
three determinations.
7. Preparation of Sample
8.3 With samples having penetrations less than 200, three
tests (and sometimes more) may be made in one container by
7.1 Test all samples of petrolatum for original consistency
proper spacing. To prevent one test from being affected by the
after melting and c
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