Standard Practice for Preparing Refractory Specimens by Cold Gunning

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The properties of refractories can be affected by their method of installation. This practice attempts to minimize the variables encountered during installation by pneumatic gunning.  
3.2 This practice provides parameters to produce gunned specimens for use in other ASTM test methods.  
3.3 This practice may be used to produce specimens for acceptance testing, service evaluation, manufacturing control, and research and development.  
3.4 Differences between various kinds of equipment and the differences in procedures and operator techniques may result in significant variations in the physical properties of the gunned specimens. It is recommended that the same operator use the same equipment to produce specimens for referee testing agreed to by the involved testing parties. The specific operating parameters should be shown in the report.  
3.5 Although this practice is specifically designed for refractories containing calcium aluminate cement, it may be used with minor modifications for gun mixes containing other bond systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for preparing refractory specimens usually containing calcium aluminate cement with or without metal fibers by cold nozzle-mix gunning. Specimens prepared in accordance with this practice are intended for use in standard ASTM test methods required for evaluating gunned materials.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2020
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories
Drafting Committee
C08.09 - Monolithics

Relations

Effective Date
01-Sep-2013
Effective Date
01-Mar-2012
Effective Date
01-Oct-2007
Effective Date
01-Dec-2005
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Effective Date
01-Jan-2000
Effective Date
01-Jan-1995

Overview

ASTM C903-15(2020), Standard Practice for Preparing Refractory Specimens by Cold Gunning, establishes a recognized method for the preparation of refractory specimens using cold nozzle-mix pneumatic gunning. This standard, developed by ASTM International, ensures consistency and reliability when producing test specimens for evaluating materials that contain calcium aluminate cement-commonly used in high-temperature industrial linings. By minimizing variables during installation, this practice enhances the accuracy of acceptance testing, service evaluations, manufacturing quality control, and research and development efforts.

Key Topics

  • Cold Gunning: Instructions for preparing refractory samples using pneumatic nozzle-mix gunning, primarily for materials containing calcium aluminate cement but adaptable for other bonded mixes.
  • Specimen Preparation: Guidelines address temperature controls, predampening, gunning distances and pressures, specimen cutting, and prevention of rebound entrapment.
  • Variables and Operator Consistency: Emphasizes the influence of equipment, procedures, and operator technique on specimen properties, recommending consistent operators and equipment for referee testing.
  • Reporting Requirements: Specifies the documentation of all critical process parameters, including:
    • Predampening water content
    • Premix time
    • Temperatures (water, refractory, environment)
    • Aging time (if used)
    • Equipment type (gun, hose, forms)
    • Gunning pressure and nozzle size
    • Form size/type
    • Metal fiber content
    • Curing time and conditions

Applications

ASTM C903-15(2020) is widely adopted in several sectors where refractory materials play a critical role:

  • Acceptance Testing and Quality Control: Ensures manufactured batches of gunned refractories meet performance requirements by preparing standardized test specimens for further ASTM procedures.
  • Performance Evaluation: Provides specimen uniformity for service evaluation, helping predict how materials will perform under real-world installation conditions.
  • Manufacturing Process Control: Enables process optimization by allowing manufacturers to systematically evaluate the effect of installation practices on the final material properties.
  • Research and Development: Supports the controlled assessment of new refractory formulations or gunning techniques, driving innovation in high-temperature material science.

Related Standards

Several ASTM standards are referenced and complement ASTM C903-15(2020):

  • ASTM C401: Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories - Useful for categorizing materials before specimen preparation.
  • ASTM C865: Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens - Provides procedures for the treatment and firing of cut specimens.
  • Other ASTM Test Methods: Specimens prepared according to C903 are intended for use in various ASTM tests to measure mechanical strength, thermal resistance, and other critical properties.

Practical Value

Implementing ASTM C903-15(2020) in your laboratory or production environment ensures:

  • Consistent and Reproducible Test Results: Minimizes variability from installation, allowing for meaningful material comparisons and reduced risk in project specifications.
  • Quality Assurance: Standardized specimen preparation supports regulatory compliance and strengthens supplier-customer trust in data accuracy.
  • Operational Efficiency: Clear guidelines streamline the gunning and testing process, reducing trial-and-error and operational delays.
  • Enhanced Material Performance: Proper specimen preparation leads to a better understanding of material behavior, informing both selection and installation techniques for refractory linings.

Keywords: ASTM C903, cold gunning, refractory specimen preparation, calcium aluminate cement, test specimen, pneumatic gunning, refractory testing, quality control, service evaluation, manufacturing control, research and development, rebound, predampening, metal fibers.

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Frequently Asked Questions

ASTM C903-15(2020) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Practice for Preparing Refractory Specimens by Cold Gunning". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 The properties of refractories can be affected by their method of installation. This practice attempts to minimize the variables encountered during installation by pneumatic gunning. 3.2 This practice provides parameters to produce gunned specimens for use in other ASTM test methods. 3.3 This practice may be used to produce specimens for acceptance testing, service evaluation, manufacturing control, and research and development. 3.4 Differences between various kinds of equipment and the differences in procedures and operator techniques may result in significant variations in the physical properties of the gunned specimens. It is recommended that the same operator use the same equipment to produce specimens for referee testing agreed to by the involved testing parties. The specific operating parameters should be shown in the report. 3.5 Although this practice is specifically designed for refractories containing calcium aluminate cement, it may be used with minor modifications for gun mixes containing other bond systems. SCOPE 1.1 This practice covers a procedure for preparing refractory specimens usually containing calcium aluminate cement with or without metal fibers by cold nozzle-mix gunning. Specimens prepared in accordance with this practice are intended for use in standard ASTM test methods required for evaluating gunned materials. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 The properties of refractories can be affected by their method of installation. This practice attempts to minimize the variables encountered during installation by pneumatic gunning. 3.2 This practice provides parameters to produce gunned specimens for use in other ASTM test methods. 3.3 This practice may be used to produce specimens for acceptance testing, service evaluation, manufacturing control, and research and development. 3.4 Differences between various kinds of equipment and the differences in procedures and operator techniques may result in significant variations in the physical properties of the gunned specimens. It is recommended that the same operator use the same equipment to produce specimens for referee testing agreed to by the involved testing parties. The specific operating parameters should be shown in the report. 3.5 Although this practice is specifically designed for refractories containing calcium aluminate cement, it may be used with minor modifications for gun mixes containing other bond systems. SCOPE 1.1 This practice covers a procedure for preparing refractory specimens usually containing calcium aluminate cement with or without metal fibers by cold nozzle-mix gunning. Specimens prepared in accordance with this practice are intended for use in standard ASTM test methods required for evaluating gunned materials. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM C903-15(2020) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 81.080 - Refractories. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ASTM C903-15(2020) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM C865-13, ASTM C401-12, ASTM C865-02(2007), ASTM C401-91(2005), ASTM C865-02, ASTM C401-91(2000), ASTM C865-91(1995). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

ASTM C903-15(2020) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C903 − 15 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Practice for
Preparing Refractory Specimens by Cold Gunning
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C903; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 This practice provides parameters to produce gunned
specimens for use in other ASTM test methods.
1.1 Thispracticecoversaprocedureforpreparingrefractory
specimens usually containing calcium aluminate cement with 3.3 This practice may be used to produce specimens for
orwithoutmetalfibersbycoldnozzle-mixgunning.Specimens acceptance testing, service evaluation, manufacturing control,
prepared in accordance with this practice are intended for use and research and development.
in standardASTM test methods required for evaluating gunned
3.4 Differences between various kinds of equipment and the
materials.
differences in procedures and operator techniques may result in
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded significant variations in the physical properties of the gunned
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical specimens. It is recommended that the same operator use the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only same equipment to produce specimens for referee testing
and are not considered standard. agreed to by the involved testing parties.The specific operating
parameters should be shown in the report.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.5 Although this practice is specifically designed for re-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
fractories containing calcium aluminate cement, it may be used
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
with minor modifications for gun mixes containing other bond
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
systems.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Apparatus
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 4.1 Gun, pneumatic nozzle-mix. At least 50 ft (15.2 m) of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- hose should be available. Acceptable nozzle diameters range
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical from 1 to 2 in. (25 to 51 mm).
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.2 Air Compressor, capable of delivering sufficient pres-
sure and volume to adequately move refractory to the gun. The
2. Referenced Documents
3 3
compressorshouldbeabletosupplyatleast250ft (7m )/min.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.3 Forms, suitable nonabsorbent type, which will vary in
C401 Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate
size in accordance with the number and size of samples being
Castable Refractories
prepared, but are at minimum 12 by 12 by 4 in. (305 by 305 by
C865 Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
100 mm). Forms should be sized to prevent rebound entrap-
ment. The use of ⁄2-in. hardware cloth as sidewalls of the form
3. Significance and Use
allows most of the rebound to pass through.
3.1 The properties of refractories can be affected by their
method of installation. This practice attempts to minimize the 5. Procedure
variables encountered during installation by pneumatic gun-
5.1 Store the refractory to be gunned at 70 to 85 °F (20 to
ning.
27 °C) for 24 h prior to gunning.
5.2 Place the form against a rigid surface at an angle of 80
to 90° to the horizontal.
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC08onRefractories
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithics.
5.3 If recommended by the supplier, predampen the refrac-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020. Published November 2020. Originally
tory by mixing with potable water in a paddle mixer for 1 to
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C903 – 15. DOI:
10.1520/C0903-15R20.
5 min or follow manufacturer’s specific instructions. In
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
general, regular (dense) refractories require 2 to 4 % of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
predampening water and lightweight (insulating) refractories
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. require 5 to 8 %.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C903 − 15 (2020)
NOTE 1—Refractories that contain a high-purity cement may benefit by
5.7 Cut suitably sized lamination-fre
...

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