ASTM B955/B955M-18

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B955/B955M − 14 B955/B955M − 18
Standard Specification for
Aluminum-Alloy Centrifugal Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B955/B955M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers aluminum-alloy centrifugal castings designated as shown in Table 1.
1.2 This specification is not intended for aluminum-alloy centrifugal castings used in aerospace applications.general purpose
applications. It may not address the mechanical properties, integrity testing, and verification required for highly loaded or safety
critical applications.
1.3 Alloy and temper designations are in accordance with ANSI H35.1/H35.1 (M). The equivalent unified numbering system
alloy designations are in accordance with Practice E527.
1.4 Unless the order specifies the “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.
1.5 For acceptance criteria for inclusion of new aluminum and aluminum alloys and their properties in this specification, see
Annex A1 and Annex A2.
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitationlimitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the date of casting purchase form a part of this specification to the extent
referenced herein:
2.2 ASTM Standards:
B179 Specification for Aluminum Alloys in Ingot and Molten Forms for Castings from All Casting Processes
B275 Practice for Codification of Certain Zinc, Tin and Lead Die Castings
B557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
B557M Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products (Metric)
B660 Practices for Packaging/Packing of Aluminum and Magnesium Products
B666/B666M Practice for Identification Marking of Aluminum and Magnesium Products
B881 Terminology Relating to Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
B917/B917M Practice for Heat Treatment of Aluminum-Alloy Castings from All Processes
B985 Practice for Sampling Aluminum Ingots, Billets, Castings and Finished or Semi-Finished Wrought Aluminum Products for
Compositional Analysis
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light Metals and Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.01 on Aluminum
Alloy Ingots and Castings.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014May 15, 2018. Published October 2014June 2018. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20112014 as
B955/B955M – 11.B955/B955M – 14. DOI: 10.1520/B0955_B0955M-14. 10.1520/B0955_B0955M-18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B955/B955M − 18
A,B,C,D
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition Limits
Alloy Composition, %
E
Manga-
Other Elements
D
ANSI UNS Silicon Iron Copper MagnesiumChromium Nickel Zinc Titanium Tin Aluminum
nese
H E
Desig. OthersSi Fe Cu MnMgCr
Each
G G
356.0 A03560 6.5–7.5 0.6 0.25 0.35 0.20–0.45 . . 0.35 0.25 . . 0.05 0.15Remainder
G G
356.0 6.5–7.5 0.6 0.25 0.35 0.20–0.45 . . . . . . 0.35 0.25 . . . . . . . . . . 0.05 0.15 Rem.
505.0 0.40–0.8 0.7 0.15–0.40 0.15 0.8–1.2 0.04–0.35 { 0.25 0.15 . . 0.05 0.15Remainder
505.0 0.40–0.8 0.7 0.15–0.40 0.15 0.8–1.2 0.04–0.35 . . . 0.25 0.15 . . . . . . . . . . 0.05 0.15 Rem.
709.0 0.40 0.50 1.2–2.0 0.30 2.1–2.9 0.18–0.28 { 5.1-6.1 0.20 { { 0.05 0.15Remainder
709.0 0.40 0.50 1.2–2.0 0.30 2.1–2.9 0.18–0.28 . . . 5.1-6.1 0.20 { . . . . . . . . . 0.05 0.15 Rem.
850.0 A08500 0.7 0.7 0.7–1.3 0.10 0.10 . 0.7–1.3 . 0.20 5.5–7.0 { { 0.30Remainder
850.0 0.7 0.7 0.7–1.3 0.10 0.10 . . . 0.7–1.3 . . . 0.20 5.5–7.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.30 Rem.
A
When single units are shown, these indicate the maximum amounts permitted.
B
Analysis shall be made for the elements for which limits are shown in this table.
C
The following applies to all specified limits in this table: For purposes of determining conformance to these limits, an observed value or a calculated value obtained from
analysis shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the specified limit in accordance with the rounding method of Practice
E29.
D
ASTM alloy designations are defined in ANSI H35.1/H35.1 (M).In case of discrepancy between the values listed in Table 1 and those listed in the “Designations and
Composition Limits for Aluminum Alloys in the Form of Castings and Ingot (known as the ‘Pink Sheets’),” the composition limits registered with the Aluminum Association
and published in the “Pink Sheets” shall be considered the controlling composition.
E
Others“Others” includes listed elements for which no specific limit is shown as well as unlisted metallic elements. The producer may analyze samples for trace elements
not specified in the specification. However, such analysis is not required and may not cover all metallic Others“Others” elements. Should any analysis by the producer or
the purchaser establish that an Others“Others” element exceeds the limit of Each“Each” or that the aggregate of several Others“Others” elements exceeds the limit of
Total,“Total,” the material shall be considered nonconforming.
F
2Other ElementsOther Elements—Total—Total shall be the sum of unspecified metallic elements 0.010 % 0.010 % or more, rounded to the second decimal before
determining the sum.
G
If the iron content exceeds 0.45 %, manganese content shall not be less than one half of the iron.
H
For a cross reference of current and former alloy designations see the Aluminum Association’s “Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Aluminum Alloys in
the Form of Castings and Ingot (‘The Pink Sheets’).”
E34 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum-Base Alloys (Withdrawn 2017)
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radiographic Film
E155 Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Castings
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)
E607 Test Method for Atomic Emission Spectrometric Analysis Aluminum Alloys by the Point to Plane Technique Nitrogen
Atmosphere (Withdrawn 2011)
E716 Practices for Sampling and Sample Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys for Determination of Chemical
Composition by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
E1251 Test Method for Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
E2422 Digital Reference Images for Inspection of Aluminum Castings
2.3 ANSI Standard:
H35.1/H35.1 (M) American National Standard Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Aluminum
Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes
2.4 Military Standards:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
MIL-STD-276 Impregnation of Porous Nonferrous Metal Castings
2.5 Naval Standard:
S9074-AR-GIB-010/278 Requirements for Fabrication Welding and Inspection, and Casting Inspection and repair for
Machinery, Piping, and Pressure Vessels
2.6 Federal Standard:
Fed Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
2.7 Aluminum Association Standard:
Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Aluminum Alloys in the Form of Castings and Ingot (The Pink Sheets)
2.8 Other Standards:
CEN EN 14242 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys—Chemical Analysis—Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectral
Analysis
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from Aluminum Association, Inc., 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite 600,1400 Crystal Drive Suite 430 Arlington, VA 22209,22202 http://www.aluminum.org.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://www.dodssp.daps.mil.
Available from Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA), 1333 Isaac Hull Ave., SE, Washington, DC 20376, http://www.navsea.navy.mil.
Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 Rue de Stassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.CEN.eu/esearch. http://www.cen.eu
B955/B955M − 18
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology B881 for definitions of product terms used in this specification.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 hot isostatic processing (HIP, HIPped, and HIPping), n—the process of applying high pressure and temperatures to a part
through the medium of a pressurized gas, such as Argon or Nitrogen to remove internal porosity voids.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the following information:
4.1.1 This specification designation (which includes the number, the year, and the revision letter, if applicable),
NOTE 1—For inch-pound application, specify Specification B955 and for metric application specify Specification B955M. Do not mix units.
4.1.2 Alloy (Section 7 and Table 1),
4.1.3 Temper (Section 9 and Table 2 [Table 3]),
4.1.4 Applicable drawing or part number, and
4.1.5 The quantity in either pieces or pounds.
4.2 Additionally, orders for material to this specification shall include the following information when required by the
purchaser:
4.2.1 Whether chemical composition samples are to be taken from the castings (7.2),
4.2.2 Whether foundry control is required (Section 8.2),
4.2.3 Whether yield strength tests are required (9 and Footnote D in Table 2 [Table 3]),
4.2.4 Whether test specimens are to be cut from castings in addition to or instead of centrifugally cast test blocks (Sections 9,
10.1, 11.2, and 13),
4.2.5 Whether special tensile test sampling agreement is required for large castings (10.3.2),
4.2.6 Whether repairs are permissible (Section 16),
4.2.7 Whether inspection is required at the producer’s works (Section 17),
4.2.8 Whether surface requirements will be checked visually or by observational standards where such standards are established
(18.1),
4.2.9 Whether liquid penetrant inspection is required (18.2),
4.2.10 Whether radiographic inspection is required and, if so, the radiographic grade of casting required (18.3 and Table 4),
4.2.11 Whether certification is required (Section 21),
A,B
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements, (Inch-Pound Units)
Elongation
Tensile
Yield Typical Brinell
in
D E
Strength,
C Strength Hardness
Alloy Temper 2 in. or 4 ×
min, (0.2 % offset), 500-kgf load,
Diameter,
min, ksi 10-mm ball
ksi
min, %
Elongation
Tensile
Yield Typical
in
D E
Strength,
F C Strength Brinell Hardness
Designation Temper 2 in. or 4×
min, (0.2 % offset), 500-kgf load,
Diameter,
min, ksi 10-mm ball
ksi
min, %
F
ANSI UNS
356.0 A03560 T6 separately cast 33.0 22.0 3.0 85
specimens
356.0 T6 separately cast specimens 33.0 22.0 3.0 85
505.0 T61 specimens cut from 43.0 37.0 7.0 95
G
castings
709.0 T61 specimens cut from 74.0 64.0 4.0 150
H
castings
850.0 A08500 T5 separately cast 18.0 . 8.0 {
specimens
850.0 T5 separately cast specimens 18.0 . . . 8.0 . . .
A
If agreed upon by manufacturer and the purchaser, other mechanical properties may be obtained by other heat treatments such as annealing, aging, or stress relieving.
B
For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, each value for tensile strength and yield strength shall be rounded off to the nearest 0.1 ksi, and each
value for elongation shall be rounded to the nearest 0.5 %, both in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
C
Temper designations are defined in ANSI H35.1/H35.1 (M) T61 Hot Isostatic Pressed (HIP), solution heat-treated, and then artificially aged.
D
Yield strength to be evaluated only when specified in contract or purchase order.
E
Hardness values given for information only, not required for acceptance.
F
ASTM alloy designations are recorded in Practice B275.
G
These properties apply only to castings having section thicknesses not greater than 2.5 in. Tensile specimens were taken from the casting after HIPping was completed.
The data used to calculate the minimum values came from samples taken in the axial direction. While not combinable with the axial data, tangential values are marginally
higher.
H
These properties apply only to castings having section thicknesses not greater than 2.5 in. Tensile specimens were taken from the casting after HIPping was completed.
Samples were taken in both the axial and tangential directions and the data was found to be combinable. The data represents both directions.
B955/B955M − 18
A,B,C
TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements, (SI Units) [Metric]
Tensile
Yield Typical Brinell
Elongation in
E F
Strength,
D Strength Hardness
Alloy Temper 5D
min, (0.2 % offset), 500-kgf load,
min, %
min, MPa 10-mm ball
MPa
G
ANSI UNS
356.0 A03560 T6 230 150 3.0 85
separately cast
specimens
505.0 T61 295 255 6.0 95
specimens cut from
H
castings
709.0 T61 510 440 4.0 150
specimens cut from
I
castings
850.0 A08500 T5 125 . 7.0 {.
separately cast
specimens
TABLE 3
A,B,C
TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements, (SI Units) [Metric]
Tensile Yield Typical
Elongation
E E F
G D Strength , Strength Brinell Hardness
Designation Temper in 5D,
min, (0.2 % offset), 500-kgf load,
min, %
MPa min, MPa 10-mm ball
356.0 T6 230 150 3.0 85
separately cast specimens
505.0 T61 295 255 6.0 95
specimens cut from
H
castings
709.0 T61 510 440 4.0 150
specimens cut from
I
castings
850.0 T5 125 . . . 7.0 . . .
separately cast specimens
A
If agreed upon by manufacturer and the purchaser, other mechanical properties may be obtained by other heat treatments such as annealing, aging, or stress relieving.
B
For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, each value for tensile strength and yield strength shall be rounded off to the nearest 1 MPa, and each
value for elongation shall be rounded to the nearest 0.5 %, both in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
C
Guidelines for metric conversion from the “Tempers for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, Metric Edition” (Tan Sheets) Appendix A, were used to convert the tensile and
yield values to SI units.
D
Temper designations are defined in ANSI H35.1/H35.1 (M) T61 Hot Isostatic Pressed (HIP), solution heat-treated, and then artificially aged.
E
Yield strength to be evaluated only when specified in contract or purchase order.
F
Hardness values given for information only, not required for acceptance.
G
ASTM alloy designations are recorded in Practice B275.
H
These properties apply only to castings having section thicknesses not greater than 2.5 in. Tensile specimens were taken from the casting after HIPping was completed.
The data used to calculate the minimum values came from samples taken in the axial direction. While not combinable with the axial data, tangential values are marginally
higher.
I
These properties apply only to castings having section thicknesses not greater than 2.5 in. Tensile specimens were taken from the casting after HIPping was completed.
Samples were taken in both the axial and tangential directions and the data was found to be combinable. The data represents both directions.
4.2.12 Whether Practices B660 apply and, if so, the levels of preservation, packaging, and packing required (22.423.4), and
4.2.13 Whether marking in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123, Practice D3951, or MIL-STD-129 applies (22.423.4).
5. Responsibility for Quality Assurance
5.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the producer shall be responsible for the performance of all
inspections and test requirements specified herein. Unless otherwise agreed upon, the producer may use his own or any other
suitable facilities for the performance of the inspection and test requirements specified herein. The purchaser shall have the right
to perform any of the inspections and tests set forth in the specification where such inspections are deemed necessary to confirm
that the material conforms to prescribed requirements.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 The responsibility of furnishing castings that can be laid out and machined to the finished dimensions within the permissible
variations specified, as shown on the blueprints or drawings, shall rest with the producer, except where mold equipment is
furnished by the purchaser.
7. Chemical Composition
7.1 The Product shall conform to the chemical composition limits prescribed in Table 1. Conformance shall be determined by
the producer by taking samples at the time castings are poured in accordance with Practices E716 and analyzed in accordance with
B955/B955M − 18
TABLE 4 Discontinuity-Level Requirements for Aluminum Castings in Accordance with Film Reference Radiographs E155 or Digital
Reference Radiographs E2422
A
Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D
Discontinuity Radiograph Section Thickness, in.
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
⁄4 to ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4 ⁄4
[6 to 19 mm] [6 mm] [19 mm] [6 mm] [19 mm] [6 mm] [19 mm]
Gas holes 1.1 none 1 1 2 2 5 5
Gas porosity (round) 1.21 none 1 1 3 3 7 7
Gas porosity (elon- 1.22 none 1 1 3 4 5 5
gated)
B B B
Shrinkage cavity 2.1 none 1 2 3
Shrinkage porosity or 2.2 none 1 1 2 2 4 3
sponge
Foreign material (less 3.11 none 1 1 2 2 4 4
dense material)
Foreign material 3.12 none 1 1 2 1 4 3
(more dense material)
Segregation . none none none none
Cracks . none none none none
Cold shuts . none none none none
Laps . none none none none
Surface irregularity not to exceed drawing tolerance on any grade casting
Core shift . not to exceed drawing tolerance on any grade casting
A
Caution should be exercised in requesting grade A because of the difficulty in obtaining this level.
B
Not available. Use ⁄4 in. for all thicknesses.
Practices E716, Test Methods E34, E607, or E1251, or EN 14242. If the producer has determined the composition of the material
during casting, they shall not be required to sample and analyze the finished product.
7.1.1 A sample for determination of chemical composition shall be taken to represent one of the following:
7.1.1.1 Not more than 4000 lb [2000 kg] of clean castings or a single casting poured from one furnace. The maximum elapsed
time between determinations shall be established for each alloy but in any case this maximum elapsed time shall not exceed eight
hours.
7.2 If it becomes necessary to analyze castings for conformance to chemical composition limits, the method used to sample
castings for the determination of chemical composition shall be in accordance with Practice B985. Analysis shall be performed in
accordance with Practices E716, Test Methods E34, E607, or E1251, or EN 14242 (ICP method).
8. Requirements for Castings Produced for Governmental and Military Agencies
8.1 Material Requirements:
8.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, only aluminum alloy conforming to the requirements of Specification B179 or producers
foundry scrap, identified as being made from alloy conforming to Specification B179, shall be used in the remelting furnace from
which molten metal is taken for pouring directly into castings. Additions of small amounts of modifying and grain refining
elements or alloys are permitted.
8.1.2 Pure materials, recycled materials, and master alloys may be used to make alloys conforming to this specification,
provided chemical analysis can be taken and adjusted to conform to Table 1 prior to pouring any castings.
8.2 Foundry Control—When specified, castings shall be produced under procedures established and documented for foundry
control that have been approved by the purchaser. Foundry control shall consist of examination of castings by radiographic or other
approved methods for determining internal discontinuities until the gating, pouring, and other foundry practices have been
established to produce castings meeting the quality standards furnished by the purchaser or agreed upon by the purchaser and the
producer. When foundry practices have been so established, the production method shall be documented and shall not be
significantly changed without demonstrating to the satisfaction of the purchaser that the change does not adversely affect the
quality of the castings. Minor changes of 650°F [628°C] from the established nominal pouring temperature are permissible.
9. Tensile Requirements
9.1 When specified, the tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of test specimens cut from castings shall meet the values
stated in Table 2 [Table 3].
9.2 The tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of test specimens cut from castings or test blocks for alloys 505.0 and
709.0, which have been hipped and then heat treated shall be in accordance with Table 2 [Table 3]. For other alloys specimens cut
from castings shall meet a minimum of 75 % of the tensile and yield strength values and not less than 25 % of the elongation values
specified in Table 2 [Table 3]. The measurement of elongation is not required for test specimens cut from castings if 25 % of the
specified minimum elongation value published in Table 2 [Table 3] is 0.5 % or less. If grade D quality castings as described in
Table 4 are specified, no tensile tests shall be specified nor tensile requirements be met on specimens cut from castings.
B955/B955M − 18
10. Test Specimens
10.1 Test specimens shall b
...