ASTM D6823-08(2013)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D6823 −08 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Specification for
Commercial Boiler Fuels With Used Lubricating Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.4.1 Exception—Table 1 and Table X1.1 include inch-
pound values in parentheses for information only.
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversfourgradesoffueloilmadeof
at least 25% used lubricating oils. The four grades of fuel are
2. Referenced Documents
intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning industrial
equipment and commercial boilers under various climatic and 2.1 ASTM Standards:
operating conditions. These fuels are not intended for use in
D56Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
residential heaters. D93Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
1.1.1 Grades RFC4, RFC5L, RFC5H and RFC6 are used
Closed Cup Tester
lubricating oil blends of increasing viscosity, with or without D95Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
middle distillate or residual fuel oil, or both, that are intended Bituminous Materials by Distillation
for use in industrial burners and commercial boilers equipped D97Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
to handle these types of fuels. This specification is for D129Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
applications where Specification D6448 would not meet the eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
performance or other requirements of the burner or boiler in D240Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hy-
question. drocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
NOTE 1—For information on the significance of the terminology and
D396Specification for Fuel Oils
test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
1.2 Thisspecificationisforuseincontractsforthepurchase andOpaqueLiquids(andCalculationofDynamicViscos-
of fuel oils derived from used lubricating oil and for the ity)
guidance of consumers of such fuels. This specification does D473TestMethodforSedimentinCrudeOilsandFuelOils
not address the frequency with which any particular test must by the Extraction Method
be run. D482Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D664Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
by Potentiometric Titration
of national or local regulations which can be more restrictive.
D974Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
In some jurisdictions, used oil is considered a hazardous waste
Indicator Titration
and fuels derived from used oil are required to meet certain
D1266TestMethodforSulfurinPetroleumProducts(Lamp
criteria before use as a fuel.
Method)
NOTE 2—For United States federal requirements imposed on used oil
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
generators, transporters and transfer facilities, reprocessors, marketers,
and burners, see 40 CFR Part 279.
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
NOTE 3—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create
ucts by Hydrometer Method
problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more informa-
D1552TestMethodforSulfurinPetroleumProducts(High-
tion on the subject, see Guide D4865.
Temperature Method)
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D1796Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
standard.
D2622Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
D02.P0 on Recycled Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6823–08. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D6823-08R13. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6823−08 (2013)
TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Non-Industrial Burner Fuels from Used Lubricating Oils
B
Limits
A
Properties Test Method
RFC4 RFC5L RFC5H RFC6
Physical
2 C
Viscosity at 100°C mm /s D445
min . . . . . . 5.0 9.0 15.0
max . . . <5.0 8.9 14.9 50.0
Flash point, °C (°F), min D93, Procedure B 38 (100) 55 (130) 55 (130) 60 (140)
D
Water and sediment, % volume max D1796 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0
EEE
Pour point, °C (°F), max D97 -6 (21)
3 F
Density, kg/m at 15°C D1298 Report Report Report Report
Chemical
Acid no., mg KOH/g, max D664 0.15 0.15 0.30 0.30
G
Ash, % mass, max D482 0.2 0.3 0.3 Report
H
Sulfur, % mass D129 Report Report Report Report
Performance
I
Gross heating value, MJ/kg (BTU/gal), min D240 40.0 (130 000) 41.5 (135 000) 41.5 (135 000) 43.0 (140 000)
J
Contaminants
K
Arsenic, ppm, max. 5
K
Cadmium, ppm, max 2
K
Chromium, ppm, max D5185 10
K
Lead, ppm, max D5185 100
K
Total halogens, ppm, max D5384 1000
L
PCBs, ppm, max D6160 50
A
See Section 8 for details and additional test methods.
B
Units given in parentheses are for informational purposes only.
C 2
1cSt =1mm /s.
D
Solids content shall not exceed 0.5 %. Filtration may be required to obtain appropriate particle size for use. A deduction in quantity shall be made for all water and
sediment in excess of 1.0 mass % for Grades RFC5H and RFC6.
E
Buyer and seller to agree.
F 3
Density in kg/L at 15°C multiplied by 1000 = kg/m .
G
Buyer and seller may agree on a higher ash content.
H
Local jurisdictions may limit the sulfur content in burner fuels.
I
Assumes 7.5 lb/US gal.
J
These are US EPA current limits (40 CFR Part 279 and 40 CFR Part 761). If state or local requirements for used oil are more stringent, the burner fuel offered shall comply
with the more stringent requirements.
K
US EPA SW-846 6010. Where Test Method D5185 is listed, Test Method D5185 will be the referee test method.
L
In the United States, current unrestricted use IAW 40 CFR Part 279 is <2 ppm. PCBs are permitted in qualified incinerators as defined in 40 CFR Part 761. US EPA
prohibits blending down oils of >50 ppm to <50 ppm and oils <50 ppm to less than 2 ppm.
D2983Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lu- D4629Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid Petroleum
bricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer HydrocarbonsbySyringe/InletOxidativeCombustionand
D3228Test Method for Total Nitrogen in Lubricating Oils Chemiluminescence Detection
and Fuel Oils by Modified Kjeldahl Method D4865Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-
D3245Test Method for Pumpability of Industrial Fuel Oils tricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
(Withdrawn 2010)
D4868TestMethodforEstimationofNetandGrossHeatof
D3828Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Combustion of Burner and Diesel Fuels
Cup Tester
D5185TestMethodforDeterminationofAdditiveElements,
D4052Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-
Petroleum Products
etry (ICP-AES)
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
D5291Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of
Products, and Lubricants
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
and Lubricants
Petroleum Products
D5384Test Methods for Chlorine in Used Petroleum Prod-
D4294Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
ucts (Field Test Kit Method)
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
D5854Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
trometry
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6160Test Method for Determination of Polychlorinated
3 Biphenyls (PCBs) inWaste Materials by Gas Chromatog-
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. raphy
D6823−08 (2013)
D6448Specification for Industrial Burner Fuels from Used 3.2.4 re-refining, n—the use of refining processes during
Lubricating Oils recycling to produce high quality base stocks for lubricants or
D6450Test Method for Flash Point by Continuously Closed other petroleum products. Re-refining may include distillation,
Cup (CCCFP) Tester hydrotreating, or treatments employing acid, caustic, solvent,
D7042Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of clay, or both, or other chemicals, or a combination thereof.
Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of
3.2.5 used oil, n—in petroleum product recycling,oilwhose
Kinematic Viscosity)
characteristics have changed since being originally
2.2 ISO Standard:
manufactured, and which is suitable for recycling.
ISO8217PetroleumProducts–Fuel(ClassF)–Specifications
3.2.6 waste oil, n—in petroleum technology, oil having
for Marine Fuels
5 characteristicsmakingitunsuitableeitherforfurtheruseorfor
2.3 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations:
economic recycling.
40 CFR Part 761 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
Manufacturing, Processing, Distribution in Commerce, 3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
and Use Prohibitions
3.3.1 commercial boiler, n—indirect heating units which
40CFRPart279StandardsfortheManagementofUsedOil
transferthermalenergytowaterorotherfluidsorgasesforuse
2.4 US EPA Standards:
in heating and having a heat input between 0.3 to 10 × 10
SW-846TestMethodsforEvaluatingSolidWastesPhysical/
BTU/h.
Chemical Methods
3.3.2 industrial burner, n—adevicewhichproducesheatfor
SW-846 5050Bomb Preparation Method for Solid Waste
industrial use through the combustion of liquid hydrocarbon
SW-846 6010Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emis-
fuels.
sion Spectrometry
3.3.2.1 Discussion—Industrial burners are typically de-
SW-846 9056ADetermination of Inorganic Anions by Ion
signed for one of two applications: (1) industrial furnaces
Chromatography
—integral components of manufacturing processes that pro-
SW-846 9075Test Method for Total Chlorine in New and
videdirectheating;forexample,inaggregate,cement,lime,or
Used Petroleum Products by X-Ray Fluorescence Spec-
phosphate kilns; coke ovens; or blast, smelting, melting,
trometry (XRF)
refining, or drying ovens and (2) industrial boilers—large
SW-846 9076Test Method for Total Chlorine in New and
indirectheatingunitswhichtransferthermalenergytowateror
Used Petroleum Products by Oxidative Combustion and
otherfluidsorgasesforuseinheatinginindustrialsettingsand
Microcoulometry
in manufacturing processes. These boilers can be classified as
SW-846 9077Test Methods for Total Chlorine in New and
utility/largeindustrialboilerswithaheatinputgreaterthan100
Used Petroleum Products (Field Test Kit Methods)
×10 BTU/h or small industrial boilers with a heat input of
between 10 to 100 × 10 BTU/h.
3. Terminology
3.3.3 reprocessing, n—in petroleum product recycling, the
3.1 For definitions of other terms used in this specification,
preparation of used oil to be suitable as a fuel.
refer to Terminology D4175.
3.3.3.1 Discussion—Reprocessingincludesproceduressuch
3.2 Definitions:
as settling, filtration, blending, distillation, or chemical treat-
3.2.1 burner fuel oil, n—any petroleum liquid suitable for
ment.
thegenerationofheatbycombustioninafurnaceorfireboxas
a vapor or a spray, or a combination of both. 3.4 Acronyms:
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Different grades are characterized pri-
3.4.1 ISO—International Organization for Standardization.
marily by viscosity ranges.
3.4.2 RCRA—Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
3.2.2 reclaiming, n—the use of cleaning methods during
(United States).
recycling primarily to remove insoluble contaminants, thus
3.4.3 US EPA—United States Environmental Protection
making the oil suitable for further use. The methods may
Agency.
include settling, heating, dehydration, filtration, and centrifug-
ing. 3.5 Abbreviations:
3.5.1 CFR—Code of Federal Regulations.
3.2.3 recycling, n—in petroleum technology, the acquisition
of oil that has become unsuitable for its intended use, and
3.5.2 IAW—in accordance with.
processing it in order to regain useful materials.
3.5.3 RFC4—recycledfuel,commercialboilers,gradenum-
ber 4.
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
3.5.4 RFC5L—recycled fuel, commercial boilers, grade
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
number 5 light.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401
3.5.5 RFC5H—recycled fuel, commercial boilers, grade
(www.gpoaccess.gov).
Available from Environmental Protection Agency, Ariel Rios Bldg., 1200 number 5 heavy.
Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20460 (www.epa.gov). Downloadable
3.5.6 RFC6—recycledfuel,commercialboilers,gradenum-
files available at http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/testmethods/sw846/
index.htm. ber 6.
D6823−08 (2013)
3.5.7 SW—solid waste, SW-846SW-846Test Methods for 6. General Requirements
Evaluating Solid Wastes Physical/Chemical Methods is US
6.1 The fuel oils specified herein shall contain a minimum
EPAOffice of Solid Waste’s official compendium of analytical
of 25% volume of used lubricating oil-derived products, the
and sampling methods for use in complying with the RCRA
balancebeingaSpecificationD396fueloilorsuitablerefinery
regulations.
stocks.
6.2 The fuel oils shall be homogeneous fluids consisting
4. Significance and Use
primarily of hydrocarbons. RFC shall remain homogeneous
4.1 The intention of this specification is to cover fuel oil
and uniform in storage and shall not separate by gravity into
used in industrial equipment and commercial boilers as stated
layers in normal operating conditions.
in the Scope section. The use of used lube oil in marine and
NOTE 4—Prolonged storage or equipment down time may necessitate
industrialdieselenginesisacontentiousissue.Amajormarine circulationofthefueloilin-tanktopreventsuchseparation.Thebuyerand
seller should agree on any requirements for long-term homogeneity.
fuel oil specification is ISO 8217. Fuel oils manufactured
...