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ASTM D291-07(2012)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Cubic Foot Weight of Crushed Bituminous Coal

Standard Test Method for Cubic Foot Weight of Crushed Bituminous Coal

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method concerns the compaction of crushed coal to determine either its compacted or uncompacted weight, for purposes such as charging coke ovens. PROCEDURE A—CONE PROCEDURE FOR UNCOMPACTED CUBIC FOOT (CUBIC METRE) WEIGHT
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determining the cubic foot weight of crushed coal less than 11/2 in. (37 mm) in size, such as is charged into coke ovens, as follows:  
1.1.1 Procedure A—The cone procedure for determining an uncompacted weight per cubic foot (cubic metre).  
1.1.2 Procedure B—The dropped-coal procedure for determining a compacted weight per cubic foot (cubic metre), comparable to actual bulk densities attained in coke ovens.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable to the testing of powdered coal as used in boiler plants, nor to the determination of weights per cubic foot of coal in storage piles.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Mass may be expressed in metric values.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2012
ICS
73.040 - Coals
Technical Committee
D05 - Coal and Coke
Drafting Committee
D05.15 - Metallurgical Properties of Coal and Coke
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D291-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Cubic Foot Weight of Crushed Bituminous Coal
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D291 − 07 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Cubic Foot Weight of Crushed Bituminous Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D291; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determining 3.1 This test method concerns the compaction of crushed
the cubic foot weight of crushed coal less than 1 ⁄2 in. (37 mm)
coal to determine either its compacted or uncompacted weight,
in size, such as is charged into coke ovens, as follows: for purposes such as charging coke ovens.
1.1.1 Procedure A—The cone procedure for determining an
PROCEDURE A—CONE PROCEDURE FOR
uncompacted weight per cubic foot (cubic metre).
UNCOMPACTED CUBIC FOOT (CUBIC METRE)
1.1.2 Procedure B—The dropped-coal procedure for deter-
WEIGHT
mining a compacted weight per cubic foot (cubic metre),
comparable to actual bulk densities attained in coke ovens.
4. Apparatus
1.2 This test method is not applicable to the testing of
4.1 Measuring Box, of rigid construction, having inside
powderedcoalasusedinboilerplants,nortothedetermination
dimensions of 12.0 by 12.0 by 12.0 in. (305 by 305 by 305
of weights per cubic foot of coal in storage piles.
3 3 3
mm), and a volume of 1728 6 5 in. (0.0283 m 6 82 cm ).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
The exact volume of the box shall be determined by water
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
calibration.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
4.2 Cone, conforming to Fig. 1 for filling the box.This cone
and are not considered standard. Mass may be expressed in
shall be 2 ft 0 in. (610 mm) high and 1 ft 8 in. (508 mm) in
metric values.
inside diameter at the top, with a circular opening 4 ⁄2 in. (114
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mm) in diameter at the bottom. A slide valve consisting of a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sliding-plate shutter and its supports shall be welded to the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
bottom of the cone in such a manner that the valve may be
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
opened and closed with ease by removing or inserting the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
shutter in its supporting slides. The cone shall be supported in
a tripod frame having a circular opening at the top of about 1
2. Referenced Documents
ft6in.(457mm)indiameter.Thisframeshallsupportthecone
2.1 ASTM Standards:
so that the top-side of the shutter shall be 1 ft 10 in. (559 mm)
D440 Test Method of Drop Shatter Test for Coal
from the inside bottom surface of the box. (See Fig. 1.)
D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample
4.3 Leveling Bar, a steel strip 2 ft 6 in. long by 1 ⁄2 in. wide
of Coal
(762 by 38 mm) and approximately ⁄16 in. (5 mm) thick.
D3038 Test Method for Drop Shatter Test for Coke
4.4 Scales, platform, capable of weighing up to 200 lb (100
D3302 Test Method for Total Moisture in Coal
D4749 Test Method for Performing the Sieve Analysis of kg) and sensitive to 0.1 lb (0.05 kg).
Coal and Designating Coal Size
5. Sampling
5.1 GrossSample—Forcollectinggrosssamplesofcrushed
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal
bituminouscoal,theproceduredescribedinSections7and8of
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on Metallurgical
Practice D2234/D2234M shall apply. During the period of
Properties of Coal and Coke.
collecting the gross sample, the increments of the sample shall
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012. Published October 2007. Originally
ε1
be stored in a waterproof container with a tightly fitting cover
approved in 1927. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D291 – 07 . DOI:
10.1520/D0291-07R12.
in order to prevent the loss of moisture. The minimum number
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and weights of increments collected shall be in accordance
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
with Table 2 of Practice D2234/D2234M. The minimum gross
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. weight of the sample shall be 300 lb (136 kg).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D291 − 07 (2012)
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Cone Procedure
5.2 Laboratory Sample—The gross sample of coal shall be the hopper, by gently thrusting downward through the coal to
thoroughly mixed and subdivided, without crushing, into four the valve with the leveling bar.
75-lb (34-kg) portions. This operation shall be done as quickly
6.3 After filling the box, carefully level off the excess coal
as possible to avoid loss of moisture, and the cubic foot (cubic
above the box edge by means of the leveling bar, and place the
metre) weight shall be determined immediately. If this deter-
box on the platform scale and weigh it to the nearest 0.1 lb
mination cannot be made immediately, the samples shall be
(0.05 kg). Avoid jarring or shifting of the filled box until all
kept in waterproof containers with tightly fitting covers until
excess coal is leveled off. Record the difference in weight
the time for making the determination.
between the filled and empty box to the nearest 0.1 lb (0.05 kg)
as the uncompacted cubic foot weight.
6. Procedure
NOTE 1—Aside from the character of the coal itself, moisture content
6.1 Before filling the cone hopper, level it in its tripod on a
and size distribution of the coal are the two main factors which affect the
solidfloor.Pourthepreparedsampleintoapileonthefloorand
cubic foot weight.Amoisture determination and sieve analysis of the coal
carefully flatten it to about 4 in. (100 mm) in thickness. Avoid
should be reported along with the cubic foot weight for proper interpre-
pounding of the pile with the back of the shovel. Take tation of the cubic foot weight. For directions for making these
determinations, see the following:
successive shovelfuls from uniformly distributed points in the
Moisture—Test Method D3302.
pile, and allow them to slide gently from the shovel into the
Sieve Analysis—Method D4749.
hopper at different peripheral points. This will prevent segre-
gationandpackingwhilethehopperisbeingfilled.Placeabout 7. Precision and Bias
75 lb (34 kg) of coal in the hopper.
7.1 Repeatability:
6.2 Center the previously weighed cubic foot (cubic metre) 7.1.1 Duplicate results by the same operator in a given
box under the valve of the cone.Then remove the valve shutter laboratory on consecutive tests determined within a minimum
completely, allowing all of the coal to flow into the box and interval of time shall be considered suspect if they differ by
3 3
overflow the edges. Loosen wet coal, not flowing freely from more than 0.6 lb/ft (9.6 kg/m ).
D291 − 07 (2012)
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm
1 lb = 0.4359 kg
FIG. 2 Apparatus for Dropped Coal Procedure
7.1.2 When two results are obtained that differ by more than PROCEDURE B—DROPPED-COAL PROCEDURE
this value, two additional tests shall be
...

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