ASTM F1145-05(2017)

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1145 − 05 (Reapproved 2011) F1145 − 05 (Reapproved 2017)An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1145; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers swaged welded, cast, or forged turnbuckles with and without jam nuts.
1.2 A turnbuckle is an internally threaded loop or sleeve intended for assembly with a threaded stud, eye, hook, or jaw at each
end, used for applying tension to rods, wire rope, and so forth.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A29/A29M Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware
B633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and Steel
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
2.2 AWS Standards:
AWS A5.1 Covered Carbon Steel Arc Welding Electrodes
AWS A5.2 Iron and Steel Oxyfuel Gas Welding Rods
AWS A5.5 Low Alloy Steel Covered Arc Welding Electrodes
2.3 ANSI Standards:
ANSI B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form)
ANSI B18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts
2.4 Military Standards:
MIL-STD-1186 Cushioning, Anchoring, Bracing, Blocking, and Waterproofing; with Appropriate Test Methods
MIL-STD-2073-1 DoD Material Procedures for Development and Application of Packaging Requirements
2.5 Military Specification:
MIL-P-116 Preservation, Methods of
MIL-L-19140 Lumber and Plywood, Fire-Retardant Treated
MIL-P-116 Preservation, Methods of
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on General
Requirements.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2017. Published May 2011December 2017. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
F1145 – 05.F1145 – 05 (2011). DOI: 10.1520/F1145-05R11.10.1520/F1145-05R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd., 8669 NW 36 St., #130, Miami, FL 33126,33166-6672, http://www.aws.org.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1145 − 05 (2017)
2.6 Federal Specifications:
PPP-B-636 Boxes, Shipping, Fiberboard
PPP-F-320 Fiberboard: Corrugated and Solid Sheet Stock (Container Grade) and Cut Shapes
2.7 Federal Standard:
FED-STD-123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
3. Classification
3.1 Turnbuckles covered under this specification shall be of the following types and grades, as specified (see 4.1.3 and 4.1.7):
3.1.1 Type I—Open turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.4–5.2.7):
3.1.1.1 Grade:
(1) Forged
(2) Spread
(3) Resistance welded
(4) Arc or gas welded
3.1.2 Type II—Pipe turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.8).
3.1.3 Type III—Rigging turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.9).
3.2 Turnbuckles covered under this specification shall be of the following classes and sizes, as specified (see 4.1.3):
3.2.1 Classes:
A—turnbuckle, body only without end pulls, heads not drilled.
B—turnbuckle, body only without end pulls, heads threaded right and left hand.
C—turnbuckle with stub and stub end pulls, complete.
D—turnbuckle with eye and eye end pulls, complete.
E—turnbuckle with hook and hook end pulls, complete.
F—turnbuckle with hook and eye end pulls, complete.
G—turnbuckle with jaw and jaw end pulls, complete.
H—turnbuckle with jaw and eye end pulls, complete.
3.2.1.1 The arrangement of turnbuckle bodies and end pulls for Classes C, D, E, F, G, and H shall be similar to Fig. 1.
3.2.2 Sizes—Shall be as listed in Table 1 and Table 2.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the following information:
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
4.1.2 Quantity required,
4.1.3 Type, class, and size (see 3.1, 3.2, and 8.1),
4.1.4 Material, if different (see 5.1.1),
4.1.5 Type thread required (see 7.3),
4.1.6 Type finish required (see 9.3),
4.1.7 Grade required, if Type I is specified (see 3.1.1),
4.1.8 Optional requirements, if any (see Supplementary Requirements S1 and S2).
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Materials:
5.1.1 Unless otherwise specified (see 4.1.4), turnbuckle and end pulls shall be made from steel of a grade which will meet the
requirements of Table 3.
5.1.2 For materials used for welded turnbuckle bodies, eye and jaw end pulls, the carbon shall be 0.25 % maximum, sulfur
0.05 % maximum, and phosphorus 0.05 % maximum.
5.1.3 Heavy jam nuts shall be right-hand or left-hand threaded, as required, and made of carbon steel of a type selected from
Groups 1016 to 1020, inclusive in accordance with Specification A29/A29M.
5.1.4 Jaw end pulls ⁄8 in. (16 mm) and smaller shall be provided with a steel hexagon head bolt and nut of commercial quality.
Jaw end pulls ⁄4 in. (19 mm) and larger shall be provided with a round head steel pin and cotter of commercial value.
5.2 Manufacture:
5.2.1 Eye End Pulls—Eye end pulls shall be forged, resistance welded, or arc or gas welded, at the option of the producer, except
that when forged bodies are specified, forged-eye end pulls shall be required.
5.2.1.1 Each forged-eye end pull shall be forged at elevated temperature to final shape and size and shall be similar to Fig. 2.
The shape of the eye may be either oval or round.
5.2.1.2 Resistance-welded eye end pulls shall be similar to Fig. 3. They shall be fabricated from one piece of material by
bending the material to form the eye and joined by resistance welding process.
F1145 − 05 (2017)
FIG. 1 Classes of Turnbuckles
TABLE 1 Turnbuckle Bodies, Classes A and B, and Turnbuckles,
Class C
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
Size
Thread,
Clear Opening Between Head, in.
Nominal
Outside
Diameter,
4 4 ⁄2 6 9 12 18 24 36 48
in.
⁄4 X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
⁄16 . . . X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
⁄8 . . . . . . X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
⁄2 . . . . . . X X X . . . . . . . . . . . .
⁄8 . . . . . . X X X X . . . . . . . . .
⁄4 . . . . . . X X X X X . . . . . .
⁄8 . . . . . . X . . . X X X . . . . . .
1 . . . . . . X . . . X X X X . . .
1 ⁄4 . . . . . . X . . . X X X X . . .
1 ⁄8 . . . . . . X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 ⁄2 . . . . . . X . . . X X X X X
1 ⁄4 . . . . . . X . . . . . . X X X X
2 . . . . . . X . . . . . . . . . X X X
2 ⁄4 . . . . . . X . . . . . . . . . X X X
2 ⁄2 . . . . . . X . . . . . . . . . X X X
2 ⁄4 . . . . . . X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X
3 . . . . . . X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X
3 ⁄2 . . . . . . X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X
4 . . . . . . X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X
F1145 − 05 (2017)
TABLE 2 Turnbuckles, Classes D, E, F, G, and H.
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm
Size
Thread,
Clear Opening Between Heads, in.
Nominal
Outside
Diameter,
4 4 ⁄2 6 9 12 18 24 36 48
in.
⁄4 X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
⁄16 . . . X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
⁄8 . . . . . . X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
⁄2 . . . . . . X X X . . . . . . . . . . . .
⁄8 . . . . . . X X X X . . . . . . . . .
⁄4 . . . . . . X X X X X . . . . . .
⁄8 . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X . . . . . .
1 . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X . . .
1 ⁄4 . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X . . .
1 ⁄2 . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X
1 ⁄4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X
2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X
2 ⁄4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X
2 ⁄2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X
5.2.1.3 Arc- or gas-welded eye end pulls shall be similar to Fig. 4. They shall be fabricated from one piece of material by
bending the material to form the eye and joined by welding. The cross-sectional area through the weld shall be not less than the
cross-sectional area of the bar.
5.2.2 Jaw End Pulls—Jaw end pulls shall be forged, arc or gas welded, or upset, at the option of the producer, except that if
forged bodies are specified, forged-jaw end pulls shall be provided.
5.2.2.1 Forged-jaw end pulls shall be similar to Fig. 5.
5.2.2.2 Arc- or gas-welded end pulls shall be similar to Fig. 6.
5.2.2.3 Upset jaw end pulls shall be similar to Fig. 7.
5.2.3 Hook End Pulls—Hook end pulls shall be forged and be similar to Fig. 8.
5.2.4 Type I, Grade 1 Turnbuckles—Each forged turnbuckle body shall be forged at elevated temperature to final shape and size
and shall be similar to Fig. 9. The shape of the head of the turnbuckle shall be either round or hexagonal.
5.2.5 Type I, Grade 2 Turnbuckles—For each spread turnbuckle body, one piece of material shall be cut lengthwise from near
one end to the other end by any suitable means, such as an oxyacetylene cutting torch; the resulting reins shall then be spread apart
at elevated temperatures to final shape and size. The bodies shall be similar to Fig. 10. The shape of the cross section of the material
shall be at the option of the producer.
5.2.6 Type I, Grade 3 Turnbuckles—Each resistance-welded turnbuckle body shall be fabricated by joining two formed pieces
of material by either the flash or upset welding process. The welds shall be parallel to the long axis of the piece. The surfaces to
be joined shall be held in intimate contact by external forces, an electric current passed through the surfaces, and the weld
consolidated by the forces. The bodies shall be similar to Fig. 11. The shape of the cross section of the pieces shall be at the option
of the producer.
5.2.7 Type I, Grade 4 Turnbuckles—The welds shall be either electric arc or oxyacetylene (gas) at the option of the producer.
Arc- or gas-welded turnbuckle bodies shall be fabricated by joining four pieces of material by welds similar to Fig. 12. The faces
of the welds shall not be concave but may be somewhat convex.
5.2.8 Type II, Pipe—Pipe turnbuckle bodies shall be forged, swaged, spun, drawn, or upset in way of the threaded ends, and shall
be similar to Fig. 13.
5.2.9 Type III, Rigging—Rigging turnbuckle bodies shall be forged, similar to Fig. 14, and shall be provided with a heavy jam
nut (see 5.1.3) of a type which does not depend upon deformation of the threads for security.
6. Mechanical Properties
6.1 The breaking strength of turnbuckles, equipped with end pulls, shall be not less than the value given in Table 3 for the
required size, type, and grade of end pull specified.
6.2 End pulls shall be capable of bending through an angle of 90° around a pin twice the nominal major diameter of the end
pull without either crack or rupture.
6.3 End pulls for Classes D, E, F, G, and H shall be capable of supporting a load equal to one half of the specified breaking
strength without permanent deformation.
F1145 − 05 (2017)
TABLE 3 Breaking Strength of Turnbuckles (Complete With End Pulls)
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
NOTE 2—1 lb = 0.45 kg.
Size, Nominal Strength Breaking, min, lbf (kN) Recommended Working Loads, lbf (kN)
Outside
Type I, Grade 1 All Others Type I, Grade 1 All Others
Diameter
Jaw, Eye, Jaw, Eye, Jaw, Eye, Jaw, Eye,
of Thread, in.
Hook Hook Hook Hook
or Stub or Stub or Stub or Stub
End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls
End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls End Pulls
⁄4 2 500 (11) 1 500 (7) 1 550 (7) 1 050 (5) 500 (2) 300 (1.3) 310 (1.4) 210 (0.9)
⁄16 3 500 (16) 2 500 (11) 2 700 (12) 1 650 (7.3) 700 (3) 500 (2.2) 540 (2.4) 330 (1.5)
⁄8 5 200 (23) 3 500 (16) 4 100 (18) 2 300 (10) 1 040 (4.6) 700 (3.1) 820 (3.6) 460 (2)
⁄2 9 000 (40) 5 200 (23) 7 550 (34) 3 700 (16.4) 1 800 (8) 1 040 (8) 1 500 (7) 740 (3.3)
⁄8 13 500 (60) 8 000 (36) 12 100 (54) 5 400 (24) 2 700 (12) 1 600 (7.1) 2 400 (11) 1 080 (4.8)
⁄4 20 000 (89) 10 000 (44) 18 100 (81) 7 500 (33) 4 000 (18) 2 000 (9) 3 600 (16) 1 500 (7)
⁄8 29 000 (129) 12 000 (53) 25 100 (112) 10 000 (44) 5 800 (26) 2 400 (11) 5 000 (22) 2 000 (9)
1 38 000 (169) 14 500 (64) 33 100 (147) 12 800 (57) 7 600 (34) 2 900 (13) 6 600 (29) 2 560 (11.4)
1 ⁄4 60 000 (267) 23 000 (102) 53 600 (238) 20 600 (92) 12 000 (53) 4 600 (20) 10 700 (48) 4 120 (18.3)
1 ⁄8 72 000 (320) 29 000 (129) 63 400 (282) 24 300 (108) 14 400 (64) 5 800 (26) 12 600 (56) 4 860 (22)
1 ⁄2 85 000 (378) 36 000 (160) 77 700 (345) 29 300 (130) 17 000 (76) 7 200 (32) 15 500 (69) 5 860 (26.1)
1 ⁄4 115 000 (511) . . . 105 000 (467) . . . 23 000 (102) . . . 21 000 (93) . . .
2 150 000 (667) . . . 138 000 (614) . . . 30 000 (133) . . . 27 600 (122) . . .
2 ⁄4 197 000 (876) . . . 181 000 (805) . . . 39 400 (175) . . . 36 200 (161) . . .
2 ⁄2 242 000 (1076) . . . 223 000 (992) . . . 48 400 (215) . . . 44 600 (198) . . .
2 ⁄4 304 000 (1352) . . . 277 000 (1232) . . . 60 800 (270) . . . 55 400 (246) . . .
3 35
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