ASTM C1910/C1910M-23

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1910/C1910M − 23
Standard Test Methods for
Cements that Require Carbonation Curing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1910/C1910M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing cements
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
that require carbonation curing and are intended for use in
concrete.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 The procedures are organized in the following sections:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Casting and Carbonation Curing Test Specimens Section 8
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
Compressive Strength Section 9
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50 mm] Cube
Bound Carbon Dioxide Section 10
Specimens)
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic and Other Inor-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
ganic Cements
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
C778 Specification for Standard Sand
with this standard. Some values only have SI units because the
C1872 Test Method for Thermogravimetric Analysis of Hy-
inch-pound equivalents are not used in standard.
draulic Cement
1.4 If required results obtained from another standard are
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
not reported in the same system of units as used by this
Sieves
standard, it is permitted to convert those results using the
conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide, 3. Terminology
Annex A in Form and Style for ASTM Standards,
3.1 Definitions:
www.astm.org/COMMIT/Blue_Book.pdf.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods,
1.5 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes refer to Terminology C219.
that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered 3.2.1 curing, carbonation, n—action taken to maintain
as requirements of the standard. moisture, temperature, and carbon dioxide conditions in a
freshly-placed cement mixture so the potential properties of the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mixture that require carbonation reactions may develop.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Carbonation curing requires a confined
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
chamber and control of temperature and moisture conditions as
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
well as carbon dioxide concentration in the chamber.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Warning—Common cementitious mixtures are caustic and
4. Significance and Use
may cause burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.
4.1 These test methods are used to develop data for
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
comparison with the requirements of Test Methods C1910/
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
C1910M or other specifications for cements that require
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
carbonation curing. These test methods are based on standard-
ized testing in the laboratory and are not intended to simulate
job conditions. All tests are performed with mortar and
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on
Cement and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.14 on Non-hydraulic
Cements.
Current edition approved June 15, 2023. Published September 2023. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/C1910_C1910M-23. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1910/C1910M − 23
therefore, the results may not provide a direct correlation of shelf of the oven. The evaporation requirement is to apply to all
how the tested cementitious material will perform in concrete. test locations when the oven is empty except for the beakers of
water.
4.2 Compressive Strength—The test for compressive
strength is used to determine whether the cement tested will 6.3 Cube Molds—The cube molds shall meet the require-
develop a minimum level of strength when carbonated under ments of Test Method C109/C109M.
laboratory conditions.
6.4 Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA)—The TGA analyzer
4.3 Chemically Bound Carbon Dioxide—Determined using shall meet the requirements of Test Method C1872.
mortar cube specimens prepared for determining compressive
6.5 Drill Press, capable of holding a 3.2 mm [ ⁄8 in.] drill
strength, the test for chemically bound carbon dioxide is used
bit.
as an estimate of the mass of carbon dioxide bound during the
6.6 Masonry Drill Bit, 3.2 mm [ ⁄8 in.] diameter.
carbonation curing process and is expressed as a percent of the
mass of cement in the test mixture. The actual amount of 6.7 Sieve, 150 μm [No. 100] as described in Specification
carbon dioxide bound in a manufactured product is affected by
E11.
the carbonation process and the cement used, and the physical
6.8 Mortar and Pestle.
characteristics of the manufactured product.
7. Preparing Test Mortars
5. Materials
7.1 Proportions—For all test methods covered in this
5.1 Graded Standard Sand—The sand used for making test
standard, the proportions of the test mortar shall be 1 part
specimens shall be natural silica sand conforming to the
cement to 2.75 parts sand by mass. The water to cement ratio
requirements for graded standard sand in Specification C778.
shall be 0.485. Table 1 provides proportions for cube mortar
NOTE 1—Follow precautions provided in Test Method C109/C109M to
mixtures.
prevent segregation of the graded sand.
7.2 Mixing Mortar—Mechanically mix mortar mixtures in
5.2 Carbon Dioxide (CO ) Gas, commercial grade with a
accordance with the procedure in Practice C305.
minimum purity of 95 % CO by volume.
8. Casting and Carbonation Curing Test Specimens
6. Apparatus
8.1 Casting Cubes:
6.1 Carbonation Curing Chamber, shall be capable of
8.1.1 Mold cubes in accordance with the procedure given in
maintaining a CO -rich curing environment using a CO gas
2 2
Test Method C109/C109M.
source with a purity of at least 95 %, supplied to the chamber
NOTE 3—Typically six (6) cubes are cast for testing strength. When
at a gauge pressure of 35 kPa 6 15 kPa [5 psi 6 2 psi]. The
chemically bound CO measurements are made, an additional six (6)
chamber shall have a pressure relief valve and a manual
cubes are required.
venting valve. The curing chamber shall be capable of main-
8.2 Drying:
taining a chamber temperature of 80 °C 6 3 °C [175 °F 6
8.2.1 Without de-molding, place the prepared mortar cubes
5 °F], and a relative humidity of 80 % 6 10 %.
in the drying oven. The filled molds shall remain in the oven
NOTE 2—The source of water to maintain the required relative humidity
for 5 h 6 1 h.
may be contained in a shallow pan placed at the bottom of the carbonation
8.2.2 After drying, de-mold the specimens.
curing chamber. The amount of water required will depend on the chamber
design and excess water should remain in the pan after completion of
NOTE 4—Use caution when de-molding the specimens as they are very
curing.
fragile at this point in the testing process.
6.1.1 Provisions shall be made to keep all test specimens
8.3 Carbonation Curing:
protected from dripping water in the carbonation curing
8.3.1 After de-molding, place specimens on the wire rack in
chamber. It may be necessary to use forced convection in the
the carbonation curing chamber with a minimum 10 mm
carbonation curing chamber to ensure a uniform temperature 3
[ ⁄8 in.] gap between the
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