ASTM D6553-23

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Designation: D6553 − 00 (Reapproved 2016) D6553 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Coolant Compatibility of Way Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6553; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method measures the ability of single-use way lubricants to separate from metalworking coolants (synthetic coolants,
semisynthetic coolants, and soluble oils) or other alkaline aqueous fluids.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.1.2 cuff—cuff, n—a layer between the way oil layer and the coolant or buffer layer that contains significant amounts of both. In
describing this intermediate layer, cuff is preferred to emulsion since many of the coolants are themselves emulsions.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test procedure is essentially identical to Test Method D1401, with the actual coolant or an alkaline buffer replacing the
distilled water of that test method. A 40 mL sample and 40 mL of either actual coolant or a pH 9.0 buffer solution (see Note 1)
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.L0.01 on Metal Removal Fluids and Lubricants.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016March 1, 2023. Published February 2016April 2023. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20052016 as
D6553 – 00 (2010).(2016). DOI: 10.1520/D6553-00R106.10.1520/D6553-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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D6553 − 23
are stirred for 5 min at 54 °C (see Note 2) in a graduated cylinder. The time required for the separation of the emulsion thus formed
is recorded. If complete separation or emulsion reduction to 3 mL or less does not occur after standing for 30 min, the volumes
of oil (or fluid), water, and emulsion remaining at the time are reported.
NOTE 1—Distilled water is not a satisfactory aqueous phase for testing the ability of way lubricants to separate from coolants because distilled water gives
different results from coolants. The best procedure is to use the actual coolant that the way lubricant will contaminate. A buffer solution of pH 9.0 may
be used in place of a specific coolant to predict the separability from alkaline coolants in general.
NOTE 2—It is recommended, however, that the test temperature be raised to 82 °C 6 1 °C when testing way lubricants more viscous than 90 cSt (mm /s)
at 40 °C.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 In the normal use of a way lubricant in a machine tool, the way lubricant eventually becomes a contaminant that may emulsify
into the coolant. It is generally desirable to remove this contaminant by skimming; otherwise, the coolant lifetime may be
significantly shortened. This test method provides a guide for determining the separability characteristics of way lubricants that
are expected to get into aqueous alkaline metalworking coolants. It is used for specification of new oils and might be useful in
monitoring of in-service oils.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Cylinder, 100 mL, graduated from 5 mL to 100 mL in 1.0 mL divisions, made of glass, heat-resistant glass, or a chemical
equivalent. The inside diameter shall be no less than 27 mm and no more than 30 mm throughout its length, measured from the
top to a point 6 mm from the bottom of the cylinder. The overall length of the cylinder shall be 225 mm to 260 mm. The graduation
shall not be in error by more than 1 mL at any point on the scale.
6.2 Heating Bath, sufficiently large and deep enough to permit the immersion of at least two test cylinders in the bath liquid up
to their 85 mL graduations. The bath shall be capable of being maintained at a temperature of 54 °C 6 1 °C (see Note 2), and shall
be fitted with clamps, which hold the cylinder in a position so that the longitudinal axis of the paddle corresponds to the vertical
center line of the cylinder during the stirring operation. The clamps shall hold the cylinder securely while its contents are being
stirred.
6.3 Stirring Paddle, made of chromium-plated or stainless steel and conforming to the following dimensions: length, 120 mm 6
1.5 mm; width, 19 mm 6 0.5 mm; thickness, 1.5 mm. It is mounted on a vertical shaft of similar metal, approximately 6 mm in
diameter, connected to a drive mechanism that rotates the paddle on its longitudinal axis at 1500 r ⁄min 6 15 r ⁄min. The apparatus
is of such design that, when the cylinder is clamped in position and the paddle assembly is lowered into the cylinder, a positive
stop engages and holds the assembly when the lower edge of the paddle is 6 mm from the bottom of the cylinder. During the
operation of the stirrer, the center of the bottom edge of the paddle shall not deviate more than 1 mm from the axis of rotation.
When not in operation, the paddle assembly can be lifted vertically to clear the top of the graduated cylinder.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high
purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, reference to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined by Type
II of Specification D1193.
7.3 Buffer Solution—A buffer solution of the desired pH may be prepared using reagent-grade chemicals and reagent water.
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications,ACS Reagent Chemicals, Specifications and Procedures for Reagents and Standard-Grade Reference
Materials, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestionssuggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by the American Chemical Society, see
AnnualAnalar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacop
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