ASTM D2669-87(1999)

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An American National Standard
Designation:D2669–87(Reapproved1999)
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Viscosity of Petroleum Waxes Compounded with
Additives (Hot Melts)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2669; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope For a Newtonian liquid, the viscosity is constant at all shear
rates. For a non-Newtonian liquid, viscosity will vary depend-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the appar-
ing on shear rate.
ent viscosity of petroleum waxes compounded with additives
3.3 viscosity, apparent—the viscosity determined by this
(hot melts). It applies to fluid hot melts having apparent
method, expressed in pascal seconds. Its value may vary with
viscosities up to about 20 Pa·s at temperatures up to 175°C
the spindle and rotational speed selected because many hot
(347°F).
melts are non-Newtonian.
1.2 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the
standard. One pascal second (Pa·s) 5 1000 centipoises (cP).
4. Summary of Test Method
One millipascal second (mPa·s) 5 1 centipoise (cgs units).
4.1 Approximately 800 g of sample are melted on a hot
NOTE 1—For petroleum waxes and their blends having low apparent
plate or in an oven.An 800-mL glass beaker which is jacketed
viscosities, below about 15 mPa·s, Test Method D 445, is especially
with an electric heating mantle is filled with the melted sample
applicable.
to a level of about 25 mm (1 in.) from its top. The viscometer,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
with attached spindle and guard, is properly positioned. Stir-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ring is begun and continued while the temperature of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sample is brought to slightly above the highest desired test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
temperature. Heating is discontinued and stirring is maintained
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
until the sample cools to the chosen temperature. At this time,
stirring is stopped and the apparent viscosity is determined.
2. Referenced Documents
Additional determinations are made over a range of tempera-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tures as the sample cools. Results of temperature and apparent
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
viscosity determinations are plotted on semilog paper, and
and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
values at any particular temperature are determined from the
ity)
curve.
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
E 180 Practice for Determining the Precision Data of 5. Significance and Use
ASTM Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial
5.1 This test distinguishes between hot melts having differ-
Chemicals
ent apparent viscosities. It is believed that apparent viscosity
determined by this procedure is related to flow performance in
3. Terminology
application machinery operating under conditions of low shear
3.1 Definitions
rate.Apparent viscosity as determined by this method may not
3.2 viscosity—the ratio of shear stress to shear rate. Viscos-
correlate well with end use applications where high shear rates
ity of a liquid is a measure of the internal friction of the liquid
are encountered.
in motion. The unit of dynamic viscosity is the pascal second.
5.2 Materials of the type described in this procedure may be
quite non-Newtonian and as such the apparent viscosity will be
a function of shear rate under the conditions of test. Although
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
the viscometer described in this test generally operates under
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.10 on Properties of Petroleum Wax. conditions of relatively low shear rate, differences in shear
Current edition approved Aug. 30, 1987. Published January 1988. Originally
effect can exist depending upon the spindle and rotational
published as D 2669 – 67. Last previous edition D 2669 – 77.
speed conditions selected for the test program. Maximum
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vo1 14.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
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D2669
correlation between laboratories, therefore, depends upon test- stirring propeller about midway between the bottom of the
ing under conditions of equivalent shear. guard and the bottom of the beaker. Position the complete
assembly so that the test portion of the spindle is spaced
6. Apparatus 3
approximately 19 mm ( ⁄4 in.) from the side of the beaker when
the beaker containing the sample is in the operating position.
6.1 Viscometer—Brookfield Synchro-Lectric Viscometer,
Models LVF or LVT with numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 stainless steel Raise the beaker containing the sample by means of the
laboratory jack so that the spindle is covered to about 6 mm ( ⁄4
spindles and V-shaped stand with leveling screws.
6.2 Glass Beaker, 800-mL Griffin standard form. in.) below its immersion mark.Adjust the stirrer speed to give
maximum agitation of the test sample without permitting
6.3 Glass Heating Mantle, for 800-mL beaker.
6.4 Autotransformer, variable. vortex or air bubble inclusion. Apply heat to the sample by
adjusting the autotransformer, and raise its temperature to
6.5 Thermometers,ASTMPrecisionThermometer88Chav-
ing a range from 10 to 200°C or Thermometer 88F having a about 5°C (10°F) above the highest test temperature. Maintain
stirring throughout the heating cycle, being careful to prevent
range from 50 to 392°F as prescribed in Specification E 1 are
suitable. air entrainment in the sample.
6.6 Laboratory Stirrer Motor, variablespeed.
NOTE 3—As the temperature of the sample increases, its liquid level
6.7 Propeller and Shaft, stainless steel 51 mm (2 in.) in
will approach the immersion mark on the spindle. Be careful to prevent
diameter, three blades to fit 7.9 by 475-mm ( ⁄16by 18-in.)
the sample level from rising above the immersion mark on the spindle.
stainless steel shaft.
Final immersion adjustment shall be made just before viscometer readings
are determined.
6.8 Hot Plate, with continuously adjustable temperature
control.
7.3 Viscosity Determination—When the temperature of the
6.9 Laboratory Jack, scissors-type.
sample reaches 5°C (10°F) above the highest test temperature,
6.10 Ring Stands and Clamps, for mounting stirrer and
shut off the autotransformer, start the viscometer motor, and
thermometer.
continue stirring. The temperature of the sample will begin to
6.11 Semilog Graph Paper, two cycles.
lower, and when it becomes 0.5°C (1°F) above the intended
test temperature, stop the stirrer, but continue the spindle
7. Procedure
rotation.Wait 5 s, and readjust the viscometer to the immersion
7.1 Selection of Spindle—From the estimated viscosity of
mark on the spindle.Allow the spindle to make three complete
the sample and Table A1.1 in the Annex, select a spindle size
additional rotations. Engage the pointer clutch, and stop the
and speed combination that preferably will produce readings
visc
...