ASTM D6650-01

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D6650–01
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Dynamic Wiping Efficiency, Wet Particle
Removal Ability, and Fabric Particle Contribution of
Nonwoven Fabrics Used in Cleanrooms
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6650; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 209E, “Airborne Particulate Cleanliness Classes in Clean-
rooms and Clean Zones,” (September 11, 1992)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dy-
namicwipingefficiency,wetparticleremovalabilityandfabric
3. Terminology
particle contribution of nonwoven fabrics.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 This test method applies to all nonwoven fabrics used in
,
2 3 3.1.1 cleanroom, n—a room in which the concentration of
cleanrooms. For more information see Journal of the IEST .
airborne particles is controlled, and which is constructed and
NOTE 1—For dynamic wiping efficiency in non-cleanrooms, refer to
used in a manner to minimize the introduction, generation, and
Test Method D 6702 Standard Test Method for Determining the Dynamic
retention of particles inside the room.
Wiping Efficiency of Nonwoven Fabrics Not Used in Cleanrooms.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—In addition to particles, other relevant
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
parameters, such as temperature, humidity, and pressure, are
are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,
controlled as required. The so-called Class of a cleanroom is
the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values
defined in documents including but not limited to. Federal
stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
Standard209Eastheconcentrationperunitvolumeofparticles
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
ofadesignatedsize.Thevarioussystemsforsuchclassification
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
lie beyond the scope of this document.
with the specification.
3.1.2 dynamic wiping effıciency, n—in textile fabrics, the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ability of a fabric to remove water, or other liquids, from a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
surface, usually for spill removal.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The ability of a fabric to hold liquid is
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
largely a function of the composition and construction of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
fabric. A naturally sorptive fabric made of or with hydrophilic
components will ABSORB liquid (usually water) while those
2. Referenced Documents
made of hydrophobic materials willADSORB liquid (typically
2.1 ASTM Standards:
water) between the interstices of the fibers composing the
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
fabric. In many cases, both absorption and adsorption take
D 6702 Test Method for Determining the Dynamic Wiping
place.
Efficiency of Nonwoven Fabrics Not Used in Cleanrooms
3.1.3 fabric particle contribution, n—textile fabrics, the
2.2 Federal Standard:
number of particles contributed by a fabric used for spill
removal without the intentional addition of any foreign par-
1 ticles.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
3.1.4 wet particle removal ability, n—in textile fabrics, the
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.90 on Executive.
Current edition approved April 10, 2001. Published July 2001.
ability of a fabric to I remove liquid contaminated with small
Oathout, J. M., “Determining the Dynamic Efficiency of CleanroomWipers for
particles of known size and quantity from a surface, usually for
Removal of Liquids and Particles from Surfaces,” Journal of the IEST, 62 (3),
spill removal.
17-26, May/June 1999.
“Evaluating Wiping Materials Used in Cleanrooms and Other controlled
Environments,” IEST-RP-CC004.2, Institute of Environmental Science and Tech-
nology, 940 East Northeast Highway, Mount Prospect, IL 60056 (1992).
4 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. Available from Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, 940 East
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02. Northwest Highway, Mount Prospect, IL 60056.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6650–01
3.2 For definitions of terms used in this test method refer to numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established test
Terminology D 123. values may also be used for these comparative tests. The test
results from the laboratories involved should be compared
4. Summary of Test Method
using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level
4.1 Dynamic Wiping Effıciency—A quarter-folded fabric chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its
swatch is clipped to the underside of a 1-kg sled and pulled cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must
through a known challenge of liquid, usually water, placed on be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
a flat surface directly in front of a wiper fabric and sled. The
5.2 This test method depends on the ability to accurately
percent of liquid removed from the surface is determined place a known mass/volume of liquid and number of particles
gravimetrically as the dynamic wiping efficiency.
on a surface, so that an accurate mass of liquid adsorbed,
4.2 Wet Particle Removal Ability—The dynamic wiping number of particles contributed by a wiping fabric, and the
efficiency test is performed as summarized in 4.1 except the
number of particles contributed by a known contaminant to the
liquid challenge is salted with a known quantity and size of liquid may be determined.
contaminants, and the number of residual contaminants left
5.3 This test method is useful to select fabrics with superior
after wiping from a surface are counted with a discrete-particle
cleaning and drying properties that can minimize the costs for
counter as wet particle removal ability (WPRA).
spill removal. It can also be used to research fabrics for
4.3 Fabric Particle Contribution—The dynamic wiping
improved spill removal and for production control.
efficiency test is performed as summarized in 4.2 except
5.4 It is beneficial to perform the dynamic wiping efficiency
dynamic wiping efficiency is carried out without any addition
test in unison with the wet particle removal ability test. This
of particles, and the particles left on the surface from the
allows for a more precise correlation of these variables.
wiping material after wiping are counted with a discrete-
particle counter.These particles above a previously determined
6. Apparatus and Materials
blank are counted as the fabric particle contribution.
6.1 Dynamic Wiping Effıciency Test Apparatus, consisting
of a polyester string attached to two stainless steel screws on a
5. Significance and Use
stainless steel sled (6.1.1), forming a yoke, and with a second
5.1 This test method can be used for acceptance testing of
polyester string, approximately 1.5 m (5 ft) long having one
commercial shipments but comparisons should be made with
end of attached at the midpoint of the yoke and the other end
caution because information on estimates of between-
free. (See Fig. 1)
laboratory precision is limited as noted in the precision and
6.1.1 Sled, # 304 stainless steel, 1 kg 6 10 g, 117 3 mm 3
bias section of this test method.
117 mm base, 9.53 mm thick (4.63 in. by 4.63 in. base, 0.375
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
in. thick), with 1 mm (0.05 in.) tolerances; a curved leading
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
edge, 13 6 1 mm (0.50 in. 6 0.05 in.) radius on the base of the
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
sled forms a lip to which the quarter-folded sample is attached
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
assistance.As a minimum, samples used for such comparative
tests should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the
same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate 7
Apparatus and materials are commercially available, except for 6.1.1 which
results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal
requires fabrication.
FIG. 1 Illustration of Apparatus to Determine Dynamic Wiping Efficiency, Wet Particle Removal Ability, and Fabric Particle Contribution
D6650–01
using a spring-loaded clip. Two stainless steel screws are 6.5.1 For wet particle removal ability and fabric particle
affixed to either outboard edge of the sled in the leading curved contribution,whenusingwater,thewatermusthavefewerthan
edge. (See Fig. 2)
10 particles/mL, $ 0.5 µm diameter as obtained from a
6.1.1.1 If necessary, drilling into the upper surface of the
Millipore system consisting of a reverse osmosis unit
sled or lead inserts can be utilized to meet the sled weight
(Milli-RO 10 Plus), an arrangement of filters and ion exchange
requirement.
beds (Milli-Q UF Plus), and a 0.2 µm filter (Millipak 40) at the
6.2 Balance, top loading, shielded, at least 0.01 g readabil-
point of use, or equivalent.
ity.
6.6 Tray, stainless steel, with inside dimensions of 45 cm 3
6.3 Dispenser,digitalbottletopburette,forreproducibleand
28 cm 3 7 cm (17.7 in. 3 11 in. 3 2.75 in.).
accurate delivery of liquid volumes, Brinkmann Bottletop
6.7 Mono-Disperse Spheres, poly(styrene)-latex, 1.59 µm
Buret, Model 25, or equivalent.
diameter at a concentration of 3 3 10 /mL, Duke Scientific
6.4 Cleanroom Water System, capable of providing clean
Surf Cal Scanner, PD 1600, or equivalent.
water as described in 6.5.1.
6.8 Syringe, microliter, Hamilton, 50 pL, Model 705RN,
6.5 Liquid, usually water at least distilled grade, or other
liquid when specified. point style 3 (blunt end for accurate delivery), or equivalent.
(For SI units in millimeters, multiply inches by 25.4)
FIG. 2 Drawing of Sled
D6650–01
6.9 Particle Counter, discrete-particle counter with the 8. Conditioning
ability to enumerate particles of 1.0-2.0 µm diameter, PMS
8.1 No conditioning is required unless otherwise specified
Liquilaz S05, or equivalent.
in a material specification or contract order.
6.10 Cleanbench, laminar flow, providing cleanroom qual-
ity air of Class M2.5 or better as described in Federal Standard
9. Preparation of Test Apparatus and Calibration
209E.
9.1 Conduct preliminary trials using a stopwatch and by
6.11 Cleanroom Gloves, latex, unpowdered.
manually pulling the sled until an approximate pulling rate of
6.12 Die Cutter, to prepare 229 by 229 mm (9.00 by 9.00
25 cm/s (10 in./s) is sensed, and the sled pull rate is consis-
in.) specimens with tolerances of 1 mm (0.05 in.).
tently performed by the operator.
9.2 Separate challenges of 10 mLand the volume represent-
7. Sampling and Test Specimens
ing 50 % of the ply’s capacity are required.
9.2.1 If the intrinsic sorptive capacity, A [mL/g], of a fabric
i
7.1 Primary Sampling Unit—Consider rolls, bolts, or pre-
is not already known, determine it on a separate ply of the
packaged pieces of textile fabric to be the primary sampling
material as directed in Annex A1. From the calculated A and
i
unit, as applicable.
the measured mass of each fabric, calculate the per-ply
7.2 Laboratory Sampling Unit—Consider the primary sam-
capacity A [mL] for each fabric. This quantity is needed in
ip
pling unit as the laboratory sampling unit for the source of
order to calculate to volume representing a 50 % capacity
specimens.
challenge [0.5 A ].
ip
7.3 Test Specimen Size and Preparation—From each labo-
9.3 Verify the required challenge of 10(10 ) particles by
ratory sampling unit, prepare one set of eight square test
placing a known quantity of particle concentrate in the cleaned
specimens 229 mm by 229 mm (9.00 in. by 9.00 in.) with a 1
pan,dilutingwithanappropriatevolumeofcleanroomwaterto
mm (0.05 in.) tolerance for the dynamic wiping efficiency and
avoid overloading the particle counter, and determining the
wet particle removal ability tests, and one like set of eight 8
particle count per mL. For example, 33.3 µL of a 3 3 (10 )
specimens for fabric particle contribution. For each set of eight
particle/mL concentrate, diluted in 2000 mL should result in
specimens, four are used for the 10 mLchallenge test and four
5000 particles/mL in the 1.0 to 2.0 µm channel of the counter.
for the 50 % capacity challenge test. Specimen preparation
Adjustments to this theoretical 33.3 µL volume may be
need not be carried out in the standard atmosphere for testing.
necessary due to concentration or particle counter differences,
Label to maintain specimen identity.
and should be made to validate the presence of 10(10 )
7.3.1 For Prepackaged Wipes, Nominal 229 by 229 mm
particles.
(9.00 by 9.00 in.)—Open the package. Select a stack of wipes
9.4 Verify calibration of the burette dispenser. For example,
that is at least two greater than the number needed for the test.
for a burette delivery of 10.00 mL of water, the water at 25 °C
Select the number of specimen wipes required for the tests
has a density of 0.997 g/mL that must have a mass of 9.97 g.
from the central portion of the stack. Use the entire square,
9.5 Verify the calibration of the balance.
quarter-folded,asthetestspecimen.Placethesespecimensinto
plastic bags to prevent contamination. In any event, do not use
10. Procedure
the uppermost and bottom-most wipes in the stack as test
10.1 Use cleanroom gloves when performing tests. Handle
specimens.
the test specimens carefully to avoid altering the natural state
7.3.2 For Rolls or Bolts of Fabric—Usingautilityknife,cut
of the material.
a plug, approximately 300 by 300 mm (12 by 12 in.) and about
10.2 Dynamic Wiping Effıciency:
25 mm (1.0 in.) deep from the roll or bolt to provide a suitable
10.2.1 Quarter-fold a 229 mm by 229 mm (9.00 in. by 9.00
number of fabric layers for the necessary specimens. Using the
in.)testspecimen,placeonthebalanceandrecorditsdrymass,
die cutter, cut through the entire plug thereby providing a stack
M , to the nearest 0.01 g.
d
of 229 by 229 mm (9.00 by 9.00 in.) specimens. Place these
10.2.2 Clip the quarter-folded test specimen to the sled so
specimens into plastic bags to prevent contamination. In any
that the single convex fold is at the leading edge without the
event, do not use the uppermost and bottom-most wipes in the
test specimen extending beyond th
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