ASTM F2713-21

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it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2713 − 18 F2713 − 21 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Eye Protectors for Field Hockey
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2713; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers eye protectors with a plano or prescription lens or without a lens, designed for use by players of field
hockey, that minimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexa due to impact by and penetration of field hockey balls
and field hockey sticks. Contact with the eye of the headform constitutes failure. Protective eyewear offers protection only to the
eyes and does not protect other parts of the head.
1.2 Testing is done in a laboratory setting. Eye contact is determined by observation.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Metric units of measurement in this specification are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). If a value for
measurement as given in this specification is followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated is to be regarded as
the requirement. A given equivalent value may be approximate.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion (Sections 8, 9, and 10) of this specification:
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
F1887D2240 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Restitution (COR) of Baseballs and SoftballsRubber Property—
Durometer Hardness
F1888 Test Method for Compression-Displacement of Baseballs and Softballs
2.2 ANSI Standards:
ANSI Z80.1 Requirements for First-Quality Prescription Ophthalmic Lenses
ANSI Z80.3 Requirements for Nonprescription Sunglasses and Fashion Eyewear
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2018Dec. 1, 2021. Published October 2018December 2021. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20142018
as F2713 – 14.F2713 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/F2713-18.10.1520/F2713-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2713 − 21
ANSI Z87.1 Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protectors
2.3 Canadian National Standard:
CAN/CSA-Z262.6-14 Specifications for facially featured headforms
2.4 Federal Standard:
National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Technical Publication 374 Method for Determining the Resolving Power
of Photographic Lenses
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 binocular, adj—relating to the field of view which is shared by both eyes simultaneously; also any simultaneous activity of
the two eyes.
3.1.2 central viewing zone, n—that part of the eye of a protector, which has its center in line with the wearer’s normal line of sight.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
The zone is circular in shape, and 40 mm in diameter. The center of the central viewing zone shall be the point of intersection of
the line of sight with the lens as mounted on the CSA headform.
3.1.3 cleanable, n—ability of a protective device to be made readily free of dirt or grime without being damaged during an
appropriate cleaning process, such as the use of soap and water.
3.1.4 coeffıcient of restitution, n—fractional value representing the ratio of velocities before and after an impact.
3.1.5 compression-deflection, n—force required to compress a ball a given distance.
3.1.6 coverage, n—characteristic of a protective device that obstructs straight line paths that are coincident with the wearer’s eyes.
3.1.7 definition (optical), n—characteristic of a lens that allows separate distinct points in close proximity to be discerned when
looking through the lens.
3.1.8 eye, n—relating to the eye of a test headform or the eye of a person wearing a protector or that part of an eye protective
device through which a wearer’s eye would normally look.
3.1.9 eye of the headform, n—all structures contained within the orbital rim of the CSA headform.
3.1.10 haze, n—fraction of the total transmitted light from a normally incident beam which is not trans mitted in a focused
condition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects.
3.1.10.1 Discussion—
Excessive haze will reduce contrast and visibility.
3.1.11 headform optical parameters, n—key dimensions for the headforms.
3.1.12 impact resistance, n—ability of a device to afford protection from impact as required by this specification.
3.1.13 lens, n—when so equipped, the transparent part or parts of a protective device through which the wearer normally sees.
3.1.14 luminous transmittance, n—function of the spectral transmittance of the lens weighted by the corresponding ordinates of
the photopic luminous efficiency distribution of the CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer and by the spectral intensity of
standard Illuminant C. (See ANSI Z80.3, Paragraph 3.9.1.)
3.1.15 normal lines of sight, n—straight ahead horizontal lines that intersect the center of the eyes of the appropriate headform.
Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto, ON M9W 1R3, Canada, http://www.csagroup.org.
Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http://www.csa.ca.
F2713 − 21
3.1.16 penetration resistance, n—ability of a device to afford protection from moving objects as required by this specification.
3.1.17 power imbalance, n—relates to the condition in which the refractive power of the lens or lenses of a protector is different
as presented to the two eyes.
3.1.18 prescription (corrective) lens carrier, n—a lens housing (frame) for mounting prescription lenses behind the lens or
non-lens (cage) of a Type I or Type III protective eyewear device as subject to this standard to provide for corrected vision of the
wearer.
3.1.18.1 Discussion—
The carrier housing itself is affixed to the interior of the primary protective device.
3.1.19 prism, n—device that bends a beam of light as a result of the lack of parallelism of the two surfaces of a lens through which
the beam of light traverses.
3.1.19.1 Discussion—
The amount of bending is a function of the curvatures, thickness, index of refraction of the material and the angle of approach of
the line of sight to the optical surface. In this specification, prism refers to the amount of bending that is imposed upon the line
of sight of a wearer of an eye protector for the specified viewing position. Prism is expressed in diopters. The deviation of the line
of sight by 1 cm/m is one prism diopter.
3.1.19.1 base-in, n—relating to the type of prism imbalance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through a protector,
spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to converge.
3.1.19.2 base-out, n—relating to the type of prism imbalance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through a
protector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to diverge.
3.1.19.3 base-up, n—refers to the type of prism that causes a horizontal beam of light to bend upward causing objects to appear
lower than their true position.
3.1.19.4 base-down, n—refers to the type of prism that causes a horizontal beam of light to bend down causing objects to appear
higher than their true position.
3.1.20 prism imbalance, n—
3.1.20.1 horizontal imbalance, n—difference in prismatic deviation of incident parallel light beams on the two eyes of a
protective device in the horizontal meridian. (See base-in and base-out).
3.1.20.2 vertical imbalance, n—difference in prismatic deviation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyes of a
protective device in the vertical meridian.
3.1.21 protective device (or protector), n—device that provides protection to the wearer’s eye against specific hazards encountered
in sports.
3.1.22 refractive power, n—focusing effect of a lens expressed in diopters.
3.1.22.1 astigmatism, n—condition in a lens that creates two axially separated line foci of each object point, the lines being
mutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has two different refractive powers in meridians that are 90° apart.
3.1.23 scotoma, n—blind or partially blind area within the visual field.
3.1.24 spherical power, n—average of the maximum meridional astigmatic power and the minimum meridional astigmatic power
of a lens.
4. Classification
4.1 Eye protectors are classified into the following types:
4.1.1 Type I—A protector with the plano lens or lenses and frame frontpiece molded as one unit. Frame temples or other devices,
such as straps, to affix the lens/frontpiece may be separate pieces.
4.1.2 Type II—A protector with a single lens or lenses, either plano or prescription, mounted in a frame that was manufactured
as a separate unit.
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4.1.3 Type III—A protector without a lens.
5. General Requirements
5.1 Materials of Construction:
5.1.1 The manufacturer’s choice of material shall be in accordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3.
5.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face shall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.
5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearer’s face, except replaceable padding, shall not undergo significant loss of
strength or flexibility, or other physical change as a result of perspiration, oil, or grease from the wearer’s skin and hair.
5.1.3.1 Manufacturer will provide material selection and, by affidavit supplied to the laboratory conducting the tests performed
pursuant to this specification, support 5.1.1 – 5.1.3.
5.1.4 Cleanability—Protective devices shall be capable of being cleaned to the degree that when conditioned in accordance with
the method described in 9.1, they shall remain functional in all ways.
5.2 Finishes and Construction—The protector shall be constructed in a manner to prevent the missile or components of the
protector from contact with the eye of the headform when tested in accordance with Section 10.
5.3 Straps are not required on eye protectors, provided the protector passes the standard without straps.
6. Performance Requirements
6.1 Optical Requirements—Type I and II Protectors:
6.1.1 Refractive Tolerances—When tested in accordance with 8.6, the spherical power shall be in the range of +0.06 diopters to
–0.18 diopters.
6.1.2 Astigmatism—When tested in accordance with 8.5, the astigmatism shall not exceed 0.12 diopter.
6.1.3 Power Imbalance—When tested in accordance with 8.5, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians shall not exceed
0.18 diopters between the two eyes for straight-ahead seeing.
6.1.4 Prism—For the primary viewing position of either eye of a shield or pair of lenses, the prism deviation shall not exceed 0.50
prism diopters when tested in accordance with 8.3.
6.1.5 Prism Imbalance:
6.1.5.1 Vertical and Base-In—0.25 prism diopters.
6.1.5.2 Base-Out—0.50 prism diopters.
6.1.6 Luminous Transmittance—When tested in accordance with 8.2, protectors shall have a luminous transmittance of not less
than 85 % for a clear device and not less than 20 % for tinted devices. Additionally, the difference in values as would be viewed
by the two eyes through a single protector as worn shall not exceed 0.9 to 1.1 times the other value (measured at the design line
of sight) unless specifically prescribed by an ophthalmic professional.
6.1.7 Ultraviolet Transmittance—UVB (290–315 nm), clear protectors, 5 % maximum, sunglass types, 1 % maximum. UVA
(315–380 nm), clear protectors, 50 % maximum, sunglass types, 0.5 luminous transmittance.
6.1.8 Haze—When tested in accordance with 8.4, the haze in the protector shall not exceed 3 %.
6.1.9 Lenses that exhibit any distortion or doubling of the image during the test for refractive power or prism shall be further tested
in accordance with 8.1.
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6.1.10 Optical Quality—Within the central viewing zone, striae warpage, surface ripples, lenticulations, or abrupt optical changes
that are visible under the test conditions of 8.1 and that would impair the function of the lens shall be cause for rejection. Visual
impairment is defined by the scanning and focimeter test of 8.1.
6.1.11 Surface and Internal Defects—Pits, scratches, bubbles, grayness, specks, cracks, and water marks that are visible under the
test conditions of 8.6 and that would impair the function of the lens shall be a cause for rejection. Grayness should be evaluated
by the requirements of 6.1.6.
6.2 Mechanical Requirements:
6.2.1 No contact with the eye of the headform shall be permitted when tested in accordance with Section 1010.1.
6.2.2 When tested in accordance with Section 1010.1, displaced fragments or complete fracture of any components of the eye
protector excluding padding constitutes a failure.
6.2.3 When tested in accordance with Section 1010.1, any displacement of the lens from the frame and that contacts the eye,
constitutes a failure.
6.2.4 A protector that is dislodged from the test headform when tested in accordance with Section 1010.1 shall not constitute a
failure, provided all of the above mechanical requirements are met.
6.3 Requirements for Frames to be Fitted with Rx (Corrective) Lenses:
6.3.1 Frames intended to be used for prescription lenses shall be tested to the requirements of 6.2 with plano, highest plus
representative test lenses of plano and the highest plus effective sphere power and lowest minus effective sphere power as desired
to be qualified by the manufacturer. Each lens lenses of the material(s)/manufacturer(s), surface treatment (for example, coating)
and finishing process as desired to be qualified for laboratory finishing. If all test lenses pass, than any prescription lens of the same
of greater thickness at it thinnest point within the prescription range tested and qualified which is made of the same
material(s)/manufacturer(s), with the same surface treatment (coatings) and finishing processes may be approved for use with that
frame.
6.3.2 Optical Finishing laboratories shall only fit lenses into protector frames within the highest plus and lowest minus sphere
power as qualified for the frame in accord with the minimum thickness, material(s), manufacturer(s) and surface treatment(s) which
were qualified and approved for use with the protector (frame) in accordance with lenses glazed into frames shall be within the
demonstrated diopter which the frame was qualified for.accord with those instructions as provided by the frame manufacturer (as
required by this standard).
6.3.3 Finished (glazed) lenses shall comply with current requirements as set forth in ANSI Z80.1.Z80.1 with the exception of drop
ball requirements which shall be qualified as in 6.3.
6.4 Requirements for Prescription (corrective) Lens Carriers:
6.4.1 Prescription lens carrier systems (frames and lenses) shall meet the requirements in 6.4.2 and 6.4.3.
6.4.2 Requirements for Prescription (corrective) Lenses used in Prescription Lens Carriers:
6.4.2.1 Requirements for Lenses use in Prescription (corrective) Carriers:
(1) Lenses intended to be used in prescription carriers shall be qualified for drop ball impact resistance as in accordance with
section 10.3 of this standard.
(2) Lenses intended to be used in prescription carriers shall be tested and qualified to the requirements of 10.3 with lenses of
the highest plus effective sphere power and lowest minus effective sphere power as desired to be qualified by the manufacturer for
use in the prescription lens carrier. The representative test lenses shall be of the minimum thickness, material(s)/manufacturer(s),
surface treatment (for example, coating) and finishing process as desired to be qualified for laboratory finishing in the prescription
lens carrier. Three lenses of each effective sphere power (highest plus and lowest minus) shall be tested.
(3) When tested in accordance with 10.3, the lens shall be capable of resisting impact by a 25.4 mm (1. in.) diameter steel ball
when dropped from a height of 127 cm (50 in.). The lens shall not fracture as a result of this test.
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(4) When tested to the requirements of 10.3, if all test lenses pass, then any prescription lens of the same of greater thickness
at it thinnest point within the prescription range tested and qualified which is made of the same material(s)/manufacturer(s), with
the same surface treatment (coatings) and finishing processes may be utilized for use with the prescription lens carrier that has itself
been tested and qualified with a lens of the same properties in accord with 6.2.
6.4.3 Requirements for Prescription (corrective) Lens Carrier Frames:
6.4.3.1 Protectors intended to incorporate prescription lens carriers shall be tested to the requirements of 6.2 with representative
test lenses of the highest plus effective sphere power and lowest minus effective sphere power as desired to be qualified by the
manufacturer. The representative test lenses shall be of the minimum thickness, material(s)/manufacturer(s), surface treatment (for
example, coating) and finishing process as desired to be qualified for laboratory finishing.
6.4.3.2 Each protector model intended to allow incorporation of a lens carrier shall be tested to the full requirements of 6.2.
6.4.3.3 Prescription Lens Carriers not manufactured and/or sold by the protective device frame manufacturer shall not be used and
are prohibited by this standard.
6.4.3.4 When tested to the requirements of 6.2, if all protectors pass, then that protector model & prescription lens carrier model
combination as fitted with any prescription lens of the same of greater thickness at it thinnest point within the prescription range
tested and qualified which is made of the same material(s)/manufacturer(s), with the same surface treatment (coatings) and
finishing processes may be approved for use with that frame.
6.4.3.5 Optical Finishing laboratories shall only fit lenses into prescription lens carrier frames within the highest plus and lowest
minus sphere power as qualified for the frame in accord with the minimum thickness, material(s)/manufacturer(s) and surface
treatment(s) which were qualified and approved for use with the protector (frame) in accord with those instructions as provided
by the frame manufacturer.
6.4.3.6 Finished (glazed) lenses shall comply with current requirements as set forth in ANSI Z80.1 with the exception of drop ball
requirements which shall be qualified as in 10.3.
7. Sample Preparation
7.1 Only new and complete eye protectors as offered for sale shall be tested.
7.2 Protectors shall be conditioned and tested at two temperatures, 35 6 2°C and –6 6 2°C for a minimum of 4 h prior to
mechanical tests.
TEST METHODS
8. Optical Tests
8.1 Optical Quality—Localized power errors or aberrations that are detected by the visual inspection procedure of 8.1.1 are
permissible if no measurable or gross focimeter or telescope target distortion or blur is found when the localized area is examined
with an instrument as indicated in 8.1.2.
8.1.1 Inspection Procedure—One method of optical inspection is to view a high-contrast grid pattern of dark and white lines
through the lens, scanning it area by area and moving it about. The grid pattern should be at least 18 by 18 in. and constructed
of high contrast black lines on a white background (the white separations being equal to the black lines, both being approximately
⁄4 in. wide). The target should be at least 6 to 8 ft from the observer, and the lens should be held at least 18 to 24 in. from the
eye. Any ripples in the lens detected by this test method should be further examined in accordance with 8.1.2.
8.1.2 The referee method of detecting optical defects and local aberrations is to scan the central viewing zone, especially areas
of suspicion arising from the visual test of 8.1.1. The lens or shield should be scanned with a precision focimeter or an 8× to 10×
telescope using the targets and arrangements described in 8.5.2. The aperture should be 5 to 7 mm for this examination. Areas
outside the central viewing zone or within 6 mm of the edge need not be tested. When the central viewing area is scanned, there
shall be no sudden jump, doubling, or blurring of the image greater than 0.08 diopters change in power. Gradual variations in the
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central viewing zone shall be within the power imbalance tolerances. An optical focimeter with electronic readout repeatable to
0.02 diopters is a satisfactory alternate method. These scanning procedures may be made by scanning across the lens surface not
necessarily in the “as worn” mode.
8.2 Luminous Transmittance—Use a suitable photometer, such as a Gardner Hazemeter, or other device comprised of a light
source of CIE Illuminant A at 2856°K color temperature, and a photometric probe and meter capable of reading transmission in
percent over a range of 1 to 100 %. Use a suitable enclosure to block against stray light and contain the test samples. Following
the manufacturer’s instructions for the use of the instrument, measure the specimen for percent transmittance within each of the
two central viewing zones. The measured values shall meet the established criteria for the device. A spectrophotometer, followed
by appropriate photometric calculation, may also be used.
8.2.1 For the purposes of this specification, luminance transmittance may be measured with inexpensive photometers. A fixturing
device should be devised to exclude ambient light. The source need not be strictly Illuminate C. A tungsten lamp or a screw-in
fluorescent lamp provides adequate simulation of the use environment.
8.2.2 Ultraviolet Transmittance—Use a commercially available spectrophotometer with average transmittances measured in no
greater than 10 nm bandwidths.
8.3 Prismatic Deviation Measurements:
8.3.1 Purpose—The test presented here is intended to measure the angular deviation of light rays created by the protective device
as they pass through the lens(es).
8.3.2 Apparatus—A telescope, equipped with a cross hair reticule having a magnification of 8× to 10× and an aperture 19 mm in
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