ASTM D7686-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Field-Based Condition Monitoring of Soot in In-Service Lubricants Using a Fixed-Filter Infrared (IR) Instrument
Standard Test Method for Field-Based Condition Monitoring of Soot in In-Service Lubricants Using a Fixed-Filter Infrared (IR) Instrument
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple field-based technique for condition monitoring of soot in in-service lubricants associated with combustion engines, machinery, and equipment used in industry and by the military. Critical applications should use laboratory-based test methods, such as Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) described in Test Method D5967, Annex A4. Infrared spectroscopy is a well-established laboratory method for evaluating soot levels in lubricants. This test method can be used to monitor soot build-up in lubricants and can indicate whether soot has accumulated to an extent that could significantly degrade the performance of the oil. High soot content can compromise lubricant performance and cause filter and oil passage blockage. Soot concentration should be considered in conjunction with data from other condition monitoring tests as described in Practice E2412 to determine whether the oil should be replaced to minimize machinery wear or failure, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method pertains to field-based monitoring of soot in diesel crankcase engine oils as well as in other types of engine oils where soot may contaminate the lubricant as a result of a blow-by due to incomplete combustion of fuels. It is applicable to oils having soot levels of up to 12 % by mass.
1.2 This test method uses filter-based infrared technology for monitoring of soot build-up in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon-based lubricants as a result of normal machinery operation. Soot levels in engine oils rise as soot particles contaminate the oil as a result of exhaust gas recirculation from blow-by. This test method is designed as a fast, simple, and field-capable spectroscopic check for soot in in-service hydrocarbon-based lubricants with the objective of helping diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on measuring the level of soot in the oil.
1.3 This test method is intended as a field test only, and should be treated as such. Critical applications should use laboratory based methods, such as Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) described in Test Method D5967, Annex A4.
1.4 Acquisition of spectral data for measuring soot in in-service oil and lubricant samples with the use of a fixed-filter IR instrument is described in this test method. Calibration against prepared soot standards is also described.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this test method to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning, or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D7686 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Field-Based Condition Monitoring of Soot in In-Service
1
Lubricants Using a Fixed-Filter Infrared (IR) Instrument
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7686; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method pertains to field-based monitoring of
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
soot in diesel crankcase engine oils as well as in other types of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
engine oils where soot may contaminate the lubricant as a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
result of a blow-by due to incomplete combustion of fuels. It is
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
applicable to oils having soot levels of up to 12 % by mass.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 This test method uses filter-based infrared technology
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
for monitoring of soot build-up in in-service petroleum and
hydrocarbon-based lubricants as a result of normal machinery 2. Referenced Documents
2
operation. Soot levels in engine oils rise as soot particles
2.1 ASTM Standards:
contaminate the oil as a result of exhaust gas recirculation from
D5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in
blow-by. This test method is designed as a fast, simple, and
T-8 Diesel Engine
field-capable spectroscopic check for soot in in-service
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
hydrocarbon-based lubricants with the objective of helping
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on
Measurement System Performance
measuring the level of soot in the oil.
D7418 Practice for Set-Up and Operation of Fourier Trans-
1.3 This test method is intended as a field test only, and form Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometers for In-Service Oil
Condition Monitoring
should be treated as such. Critical applications should use
laboratory based methods, such as Thermal Gravimetric Analy- E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
sis (TGA) described in Test Method D5967, Annex A4. E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1.4 Acquisition of spectral data for measuring soot in
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
in-service oil and lubricant samples with the use of a fixed-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
filter IR instrument is described in this test method. Calibration
E2412 Practice for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Lu-
against prepared soot standards is also described.
bricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform
NOTE 1—It is not the intent of this test method to establish or
Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry
recommend normal, cautionary, warning, or alert limits for any machinery.
Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance
3. Terminology
from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to infrared
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
spectroscopy used in this test method, refer to Terminology
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E131.
standard.
3.2 Definitions—For definition of terms related to in-service
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
oil condition monitoring, refer to Practice D7418.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method uses filter-based infrared spectrometry
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
to monitor levels of soot in in-service petroleum and
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.96.03 on FTIR Testing Practices and Techniques Related to
2
In-Service Lubricants. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 15, 2019. Published September 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7686 – 11. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI:10.1520/D7686-19. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7686 − 11 D7686 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Field-Based Condition Monitoring of Soot in In-Service
1
Lubricants Using a Fixed-Filter Infrared (IR) Instrument
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7686; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method pertains to field-based monitoring of soot in diesel crankcase engine oils as well as in other types of engine
oils where soot may contaminate the lubricant as a result of a blow-by due to incomplete combustion of fuels. It is applicable to
oils having soot levels of up to 12 %.12 % by mass.
1.2 This test method uses filter-based infrared technology for monitoring of soot build-up in in-service petroleum and
hydrocarbon-based lubricants as a result of normal machinery operation. Soot levels in engine oils rise as soot particles
contaminate the oil as a result of exhaust gas recirculation from blow-by. This test method is designed as a fast, simple, and field
capable field-capable spectroscopic check for soot in in-service hydrocarbon-based lubricants with the objective of helping
diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on measuring the level of soot in the oil.
1.3 This test method is intended as a field test only, and should be treated as such. Critical applications should use laboratory
based methods, such as Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) described in Test Method D5967, Annex A4.
1.4 Acquisition of spectral data for measuring soot in in-service oil and lubricant samples with the use of a fixed-filter IR
instrument is described in this test method. Calibration against prepared soot standards is also described.
NOTE 1—It is not the intent of this test method to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning, or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits
should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D7418 Practice for Set-Up and Operation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometers for In-Service Oil Condition
Monitoring
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2412 Practice for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)
Spectrometry
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.96.03 on FTIR Testing Practices and Techniques Related to In-Service Lubricants.
Current edition approved June 15, 2011July 15, 2019. Published August 2011September 2019. DOI:10.1520/D7686-11.Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition
approved in 2011 as D7686 – 11. DOI:10.1520/D7686-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C7
...
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