ASTM D2243-95(2014)

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Designation: D2243 − 95 (Reapproved 2008) D2243 − 95 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the effect of freeze/thaw cycling on the viscosity and visual film
properties of water-borne coatings.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscometer
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The water-borne coating is put into two pint-size (500-mL) resin-lined cans. One can is stored at room temperature, while
the other can is subjected to cycles of freezing and thawing. After cycling, the coating is examined for changes in viscosity and
visual film properties.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 When water-borne coatings are shipped during cold weather, they may experience cycles of freezing and thawing. Cycles
of freezing and thawing cause more damage to water-borne coatings than when the coatings are subjected to steady freezing.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Test Chamber—A suitable cabinet, room, or enclosure space large enough to contain the specimens to be tested permitting
at least 25 mm (1 in.) of air space between the sides of adjacent cans and capable of being maintained continuously at a temperature
of −18°C (0°F).
NOTE 1—Although a variation of the test chamber temperature of 62°C (63.5°F) is allowed, the test chamber temperature should be maintained as
near −18°C (0°F) as practicable and the amount of variation should be recorded and reported.
5.2 Viscometer—A Stormer viscometer with paddle type rotor as described in Test Method D562 or a Brookfield viscometer as
described in Test Methods D2196.
5.3 Test Charts—Smooth surface paper charts having adjacent black and white areas, and coated with a suitable varnish or
lacquer to render the surface impermeable to paint liquids.
5.4 Paint Brush, 25 mm (1 in.).
5.5 Bar Applicator, with a 0.18-mm (7-mil ) clearance.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applicationsand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
Current edition approved June 1, 2008Dec. 1, 2014. Published June 2008December 2014 Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
D2243 – 95 (2003).(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D2243-95R08.10.1520/D2243-95R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
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D2243 − 95 (2014)
6. Preparation of Sample and Specimens
6.1 Prepare specimens for testing by filling 500 mL (1-pt) resin-lined, friction-top cans two thirds full. Ensure that the bulk
sample from which the cans are filled is well stirred and uniform, that the containers used are clean, and that the lids are applied
promptly to the cans to prevent evaporation losses. Two such specimens are required for each test.
7. Exposure to Test Conditions
7.1 Store one can at room temperature and identify this as the control specimen.
7.2 Place the second can, the paint
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