ASTM C547-22a

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C547 − 22 C547 − 22a
Standard Specification for
Mineral Fiber Pipe Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C547; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers mineral fiber insulation produced to form hollow cylinders for standard pipe and tubing sizes. Use
mineral fiber pipe insulation that has been either molded or precision v-grooved, with one or more walls split longitudinally for
use on pipe temperatures up to 1400°F (760°C).
1.2 For satisfactory performance, use properly installed protective vapor retarders or barriers on sub-ambient temperature
applications to reduce movement of moisture through or around the insulation to the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor barrier
can lead to insulation and system damage. Refer to Practice C921 to aid material selection.
1.3 Flexible mineral fiber wrap products such as perpendicular-oriented fiber insulation rolls, non-precision or manually scored
block or board, or flexible boards or blankets used as pipe insulation, are not covered by this specification.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 For Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) acceptance, materials must also comply with Supplemental Requirements. See
Annex A1 of this standard.
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat applies to the test methods portion, Section 11, only: This standard does not purport
to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket or Batt Thermal Insulations
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.20 on Homogeneous
Inorganic Thermal Insulations.
Current edition approved June 1, 2022Sept. 1, 2022. Published June 2022October 2022. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20192022 as
C547 – 19.C547 – 22. DOI: 10.1520/C0547-22.10.1520/C0547-22A.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C547 − 22a
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the
Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
C302 Test Method for Density and Dimensions of Preformed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal Insulation
C335/C335M Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Properties of Pipe Insulation
C356 Test Method for Linear Shrinkage of Preformed High-Temperature Thermal Insulation Subjected to Soaking Heat
C390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal Insulation Lots
C411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation
C447 Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Temperature of Thermal Insulations
C585 Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing
C665 Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Light Frame Construction and Manufactured Housing
C680 Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and Spherical
Systems by Use of Computer Programs
C795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
C921 Practice for Determining the Properties of Jacketing Materials for Thermal Insulation (Withdrawn 2021)
C1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State Conditions
C1058/C1058M Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluating and Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulation
C1104/C1104M Test Method for Determining the Water Vapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber Insulation
C1335 Test Method for Measuring Non-Fibrous Content of Man-Made Rock and Slag Mineral Fiber Insulation
C1617 Practice for Quantitative Accelerated Laboratory Evaluation of Extraction Solutions Containing Ions Leached from
Thermal Insulation on Aqueous Corrosion of Metals
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
2.2 Other Standards:
UL 723 Tests for Surface Burning of Building Materials
CAN/ULC-S102 Standard Method of Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials and Assemblies
3. Terminology
3.1 The definitions in Terminology C168 shall apply to the terms used in this specification.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 molded—refers to products preformed via a molding process to yield full-round cylindrical pipe insulation sections.
3.2.2 precision v-groove—refers to products fabricated from machined board via a precision cutting process. Machined segments
are adhered to a backing to form a full-round cylindrical pipe insulation section. Due to the precision of the process, the product
has no gaps when installed.
4. Classification
4.1 Products covered by this specification are classified according to maximum use temperature as follows:
4.1.1 Type I—Molded, for use to 850°F (454°C).
Grade A—Requires no heat-up schedule
Grade B—Heat-up schedule is required
4.1.2 Type II—Molded, for use to 1200°F (650°C).
Grade A—Requires no heat-up schedule
Grade B—Heat-up schedule is required
4.1.3 Type III—Precision v-groove, for use to 1200°F (650°C).
Grade A—Requires no heat-up schedule
Grade B—Heat-up schedule is required
4.1.4 Type IV—Molded, for use to 1000°F (538°C).
Grade A—Requires no heat-up schedule
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas, WA 98607-8542, http://www.ul.com.
Available from Underwriters Laboratories of Canada, 7 Crouse Road, Scarborough, Ontario MIR3A9.
C547 − 22a
Grade B—Heat-up schedule is required
4.1.5 Type V—Molded, for use to 1400°F (760°C)
Grade A—Requires no heat-up schedule
Grade B—Heat-up schedule is required
NOTE 1—Warning: Grade B may not be suitable for applications requiring hot installation capability at the maximum temperature indicated. Products
having a Grade B designation are designed to be used with a heat-up schedule. Failure to use a heat-up schedule with Grade B products may lead to an
exothermic reaction. This is dependent on thickness and temperature. Consult the manufacturer or manufacturer’s literature for special heat rate
considerations.
4.2 It is possible that binder decomposition at elevated temperature will be a limiting factor in certain applications. Consult the
manufacturer regarding special heat rate considerations.
5. Materials and Manufacturer
5.1 Composition—The mineral fiber insulation for pipes shall be manufactured from mineral substance such as rock, slag, or glass,
processed from a molten state into fibrous form with binder. Asbestos shall not be used as an ingredient or component part. It is
possible that some products will also contain adhesive.
5.2 Jackets (Facings)—The user of this specification has the option to specify that the insulation be jacketed.
NOTE 2—The user is advised that the maximum use temperature of factory-applied facings and adhesives may be lower than the maximum use temperature
of the insulation. The specifier shall ensure that sufficient insulation thickness is installed so none of these accessory items (facings and adhesives) are
exposed to temperatures above their maximum use temperature. The products covered by this standard are predominantly inorganic in nature. Organic
facings, adhesives and binders are also used in the construction of these products. The resulting composite therefore could have increased combustibility.
6. Physical Requirements
6.1 The product shall conform to the following requirements in addition to those specified in Table 1.
6.2 Hot Surface Performance:
TABLE 1 Requirements of Mineral Fiber Pipe Insulation (Grades A & B)
Property Type I Type II Type III Type IV Type V
(Grades A (Grades A (Grades A (Grades A (Grades A
andB) and B) and B) and B) and B
Use temperature, max, °F (°C) 850 (454) 1200 (650) 1200 (650) 1000 (538) 1400 (760)
Sag resistance, max, % 5 5 5 5 5
thickness change
Linear shrinkage (length), max, 2 2 2 2 2
% change after change
after soaking heat at maximum
use temperature
Water vapor sorption, max, % 5 5 5 5 5
by weight
Surface burning characteristics,
max
Flame spread index 25 25 25 25 25
Smoke developed index 50 50 50 50 50
Apparent thermal conductivity,
max, Btu.in./h,ft , °F(W/m.K)
A
Mean temperature
°F (°C)
100 (38) 0.25 (0.036) 0.25 (0.036) 0.25 (0.036) 0.25 (0.036) 0.25 (0.036)
200 (93) 0.31 (0.045) 0.31 (0.045) 0.31 (0.045) 0.31 (0.045) 0.31 (0.045)
300 (149) 0.40 (0.058) 0.37 (0.053) 0.37 (0.053) 0.37 (0.053) 0.37 (0.053)
400 (204) 0.51 (0.074) 0.45 (0.065) 0.45 (0.065) 0.45 (0.065) 0.45 (0.065)
500 (260) 0.64 (0.092) 0.54 (0.078) 0.54 (0.078) 0.54 (0.078) 0.54 (0.078)
600 (316) 0.65 (0.094) 0.65 (0.094) 0.65 (0.094) 0.65 (0.094)
700 (371) 0.77 (0.111) 0.77 (0.111) 0.77 (0.111) 0.77 (0.111)
A
The user is advised that retrofit applications (where new insulation is being applied over existing) could require knowing the thermal conductivity of the existing layer at
mean temperatures above those shown. Consult a manufacturer for data at mean temperatures exceeding those listed.
C547 − 22a
6.2.1 The product shall not crack, warp, flame, or glow during hot surface exposure. No evidence of melting or fiber degradation
shall be evident upon post test inspection.
6.2.2 For Grade A products, the insulation’sinsulation’s internal temperature rise (exotherm) shall not exceed the pipe surface
temperature by more than 200°F (111°C). (111°C) for each measurement location as required by Practice C447. If the setpoint
temperature is lower than the average pipe surface temperature, the exotherm is derived by the difference between the maximum
measured temperature and the pipe surface set point temperature.
NOTE 3—In some situations where an exothermic reaction is observed, the apparatus is heated above the test set point temperature by the exothermic
reaction. This provision is to ensure that the amount the apparatus is heated above the set point temperature is not added to the pass/fail threshold.
6.3 Non-fibrous (Shot) Content:
6.3.1 The non-fibrous content of a rock- or slag-based product shall not exceed 25 % by weight.
6.4 For Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) acceptance, materials must also comply with Supplemental Requirements. See
Annex A1 of this standard.
6.5 Corrosiveness to Steel—When tested and evaluated in accordance with 11.1.10, the corrosion resulting from insulation in
contact with steel plates shall be judged to be no greater than for comparative plates in contact with sterile cotton. Test the
composite insulation material (with facing and adhesive) when a facing is factory adhered by the manufacturer or fabricator.
(Warning—There are adhesives that can cause corrosion to steel when they are in contact with water or water vapor and the steel.
Currently there is not a test method available to satisfy all potential causes of corrosion).
6.5.1 The use of Practice C1617 is an acceptable alternative to the test procedure in 11.1.10, with the mass loss corrosion rate of
the steel test sample exposed to the unfaced or faced insulation extract not to exceed that of the 5 ppm chloride solution.
7. Standard Shapes, Sizes, and Dimensions
7.1 The basic shape of mineral fiber pipe insulation forms a right annular cylinder, which is radially slit on at least one side of
the cylinder axis. It is furnished in sections or segments designed to fit standard sizes of pipe and tubing.
1 1
7.2 Typical available thicknesses range from nominal ⁄2-in. (13 mm) to nominal 6-in. (152 mm), single or dou
...