ASTM F90-23

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it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F90 − 14 F90 − 23
Standard Specification for
Wrought Cobalt-20Chromium-15Tungsten-10Nickel Alloy for
Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R30605)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F90; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical requirements for wrought cobalt-20chromium-
15tungsten-10nickel alloy used for surgical implants. The properties specified apply specifically to wrought bar, rod, wire, sheet,
and strip, but do not apply to surgical fixation wire (see Specification F1091).
1.2 The SI units in this standard are the primary units. Values in primary SI or secondary values stated in either SI units or
inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore
therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independentindependently of the other.
Combiningother, and values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.shall not be combined.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A484/A484M Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings
A751A555/A555M Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsSpecification for General Requirements
for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
E354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron, Nickel, and
Cobalt Alloys
E539 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium Alloys by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
E1409 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion
E1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Reactive Metals and Reactive Metal Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion with
Detection by Thermal Conductivity or Infrared Spectrometry
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F04.12 on Metallurgical Materials.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014April 1, 2023. Published January 2015April 2023. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
F90 – 09.F90 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/F0090-14.10.1520/F0090-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F90 − 23
E1941 Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys by Combustion Analysis
E2994 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Glow Discharge
Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-Based Method)
E2371 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively Coupled Plasma
Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-Based Test Methodology)
E2626 Guide for Spectrometric Analysis of Reactive and Refractory Metals (Withdrawn 2017)
F981 Practice for Assessment of Compatibility of Biomaterials for Surgical Implants with Respect to Effect of Materials on
Muscle and Insertion into Bone
F1091 Specification for Wrought Cobalt-20Chromium-15Tungsten-10Nickel Alloy Surgical Fixation Wire (UNS R30605)
F2527 Specification for Wrought Seamless and Welded and Drawn Cobalt Alloy Small Diameter Tubing for Surgical Implants
(UNS R30003, UNS R30008, UNS R30035, UNS R30605, and UNS R31537)
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric
SystemMetric Practice
2.2 Aerospace Material Specification:Specifications:
AMS 2269 Chemical Check Analysis Limits, Wrought Nickel Alloys and Cobalt Alloys
AMS 5759 Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion and Heat Resistant Bars, Forgings, and Rings, 52Co – 20 Cr – 10Ni – 15W,
52Co-20Cr-10Ni-15W, Solution Heat Treated
2.3 ISO Standards:
ISO 5832-5 Wrought Cobalt-Chromium-Tungsten-Nickel Alloy
ISO 6892 Metallic Materials Tensile Testing at Ambient Temperature
ISO 9001 Quality System—Requirements
ISO 13485 Medical Devices—Quality Management Systems—Requirements for Regulatory Purposes
2.4 American Society for Quality (ASQ) Standard:
C1 Specification of General Requirements for a Quality Program
3. Product Classification
3.1 Bar—Round, rectangular, or other complex shaped product delivered straightened and cut to defined lengths, with a maximum
2 2
cross-sectional area of 16 in.103 cm (103 cm [16 in. ).].
3.2 Wire—Round, rectangular, or other complex shaped product produced and delivered in coils. shapes of uniform cross section
along its entire length furnished in coils, or on spools, reels, or other packaging as specified.
3.3 Fine Wire—Wire with diameter or major dimension less than 0.063 in. (1.6 mm).1.6 mm. [0.063 in.].
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Inquiries and orders for material under this specification shall include the following information:
4.1.1 Quantity,Quantity;
4.1.2 ASTM designation and date of issue,issue;
4.1.3 Mechanical properties (see Section 78),);
4.1.4 Form (bar, rod, wire, sheet, strip),strip);
4.1.5 Applicable dimensions including size, thickness, width, and length (exact, random, or multiples) or drawing number,number;
4.1.6 Tolerances—Unless otherwise specified by purchaser, tolerances must meet the requirements of Specification A484/A484M
or A555/A555M, or both, as applicable;
4.1.7 Condition (see 5.1),);
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
F90 − 23
4.1.8 Finish (see 5.2),);
4.1.9 Special tests (if any); and
4.1.10 Other requirements.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Condition—Bar, wire, sheet, and strip shall be furnished to the purchaser, as specified, in the annealed cold-worked, or cold
worked and aged condition.
5.2 Finish:
5.2.1 Bar and wire shall be furnished bright annealed, cold drawn, cold-drawn, pickled, ground, or ground and polished, as
specified by the purchaser.
5.2.2 Sheet shall be furnished bright annealed, pickled, cold-rolled, or polished, as specified by the purchaser.
6. Chemical Requirements
6.1 The supplier’s heat analysis shall conform to the chemical composition of prescribed in Table 1. The supplier shall not ship
material that iswith chemistry outside the limitsrequirements specified in Table 1.
6.1.1 Requirements for the major and minor elemental constituents are listed in Table 1. Also listed are important residual
elements. Analysis for elements not listed in Table 1 is not required to verify compliance with this specification.
6.1.2 All commercial metals may contain small amounts of elements other than those which are specified. It is neither practical
nor necessary to specify limits for unspecified elements that can be present. The producer is permitted to analyze for unspecified
elements and is permitted to report such analyses. The presence of an unspecified element and the reporting of an analysis for that
element shall not be a basis for rejection unless previously agreed to between purchaser and supplier.
6.1.3 Intentional elemental additions other than those specified in Table 1 are not permitted.
6.1.4 Analysis for elements not listed in Table 1 is not required to verify compliance with this specification.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, % (mass/
mass)(mass ⁄mass)
Element
min maxmax
Carbon 0.05 0.15
Carbon 0.05 0.15
Manganese 1.00 2.00
Manganese 1.00 2.00
Silicon . 0.40
Silicon . . . 0.40
Phosphorus . 0.040
Phosphorus . . . 0.040
Sulfur . 0.030
Sulfur . . . 0.030
Chromium 19.00 21.00
Nickel 9.00 11.00
Nickel 9.00 11.00
Tungsten 14.00 16.00
Iron . 3.00
Iron . . . 3.00
A
Cobalt balance balance
A
Cobalt balance balance
A
Approximately equal to the difference between 100 % and the sum percentage
of the other specified elements. The percentage of the cobalt difference is not
required to be reported.
F90 − 23
6.1.5 Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis required by this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods
E354.
6.2 Product (Check) Analysis—The product analysis is either for the purpose of verifying(check) analysis tolerances shall conform
to the product tolerances in Table 2the composition of a heat or lot or to determine variations in the composition within the heat.
per AMS 2269. Product analysis tolerances do not broaden the specified heat (ladle or ingot) analysis requirements but cover
variations between laboratories in the measurement of chemical content.
6.2.1 Product (check) analysis limits are not for the supplier/producer’s use at acceptance testing. Product analysis limits are not
permitted to be applied to ladle or ingot analysis. The supplier/producer shall not ship material that is outside the limits specified
in Table 1.
6.2.2 A product (check) analysis is one performed by the purchaser or the supplier of the metal after it has been worked into one
of the forms listed in Section 3 on Product Classification, and is either for the purpose of verifying the composition of a heat or
manufacturing lot or to determine variations in the composition within the heat.
6.2.3 Acceptance or rejection of a heat or lot of material may be made by the purchaser on the basis of this product
analysis.(check) analysis. Product (check) analysis outside the tolerance limits allowed in Table 2 is cause for rejection of the
product. A referee analysis may be used if agreed upon by supplier and purchaser.
6.2.4 Product analysis tolerances do not broaden the specified heat analysis requirements but instead cover variations between
laboratories in the measurement of chemical content. Product analysis limits shall be as specified Methods and practices relating
to chemical analysis required by this specification shall be in Table 2accordance with Test Methods E354.
6.2.5 For referee purposes, use Test Methods E539, E1409, E1447, E1941, E2994, and E2371 and Guide E2626, or other
analytical methods agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
6.3 For referee purposes, Test Methods E354 shall be used.
6.4 Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis required by this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods
A751.
7. Metallurgical Requirements
7.1 The microcleanliness of the alloy as determined by Method A of Test Methods E45, except using Plate I-r, on representative
billet or bar samples from the heat shall not exceed the limits of Table 3.
8. Mechanical Requirements
7.1 The material in the annealed condition shall conform to the mechanical properties specified in Tables 3 and 4.
7.2 Material in the cold worked condition shall conform to the mechanical properties specified in Table 3.
A
TABLE 2 Product Analysis Tolerances
Tolerance Under the Minimum Limit or Over the
Element
B
Maximum Limit
Carbon 0.01
Manganese 0.04
Silicon 0.03
Phosphorous 0.005
Sulfur 0.005
Chromium 0.25
Nickel 0.15 under min; 0.20 over max
Tungsten 0.25
Iron 0.07
A
Refer to AMS 2269.
B
Under minimum limit not applicable for elements where only a maximum
percentage is indicated.
F90 − 23
TABLE 53 Microcleanliness Requirements
D
Inclusion A B C
(Globular
Type (Sulfide) (Alumina) (Silicate)
Oxides)
Thin 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Heavy 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
7.3 The cold worked and aged condition may be ordered in accordance with mechanical property requirements agreed upon
between supplier and purchaser.
8.1 Tensile properties shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E8/E8M. Perf
...