ASTM D3936-21

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Designation: D3936 − 17 D3936 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Resistance to Delamination of the Secondary Backing of
Pile Yarn Floor Covering
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3936; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the resistance to delamination of the secondary backing applied to some pile yarn
floor coverings.
1.2 This test method is applicable to all backings including natural manufactured fibers or attached cushion.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D4697 Guide for Maintaining Test Methods in the User’s Laboratory (Withdrawn 2009)
D5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 For all other terminology related to Pile Floor Coverings, D13.21, see Terminology D5684.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.
Current edition approved March 1, 2017Jan. 1, 2021. Published April 2017January 2021. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20122017 as
D3936 – 12.D3936 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D3936-17.10.1520/D3936-21.
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volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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D3936 − 21
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: attached cushion, carpet, constant-rate-of-extension, finished, finished pile
yarn floor covering, floor covering, peak force, pile, pile yarn floor covering, resistance to delamination, secondary backing, textile
floor covering, tufted fabric.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A specimen is separated manually for a distance of about 1.5 in. (38 mm). Each layer then is placed in opposing clamps of
a tensile tester, and the force to continue the separation for a specified distance is recorded. The peak forces in specified length
intervals are averaged and the resistance to delamination calculated.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments. Comparative tests as directed in 5.2 may be
advisable.
5.2 In a case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method, the purchaser and the
supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical
assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test samples that
are as homogenous as possible and are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test samples then should be assigned
randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using
a statistical test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias
is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results
with consideration to the known bias.
5.3 This test method is useful to evaluate quality and cost control during the manufacture of pile yarn floor covering. Both
appearance and performance of the pile floor covering can be affected by delamination of the secondary backing.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Tensile Testing Machine—A constant-rate-of extension (CRE) type conforming to Specification D76 with a constant rate of
speed of 12 6 0.5 in./min (304 6 10 mm/min) is preferred. A constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) type tensile testing machine
conforming to Specification D76 and operated at the same speed is permitted. There may be no overall correlation with CRE-type
and CRT-type testing machines. Consequently, the two machines cannot be used interchangeably. In case of controversy, the
CRE-type testing machine shall prevail.
6.2 Clamps and Jaw Faces—The use of hydraulic or pneumatic clamping systems with a minimum of 1 by 3 in. (25 by 76 mm)
serrated or padded faces designed to minimize slippage in the clamps during testing is recommended. Manual clamping is
permitted providing no slippage of the specimen is observed. The faces shall be parallel and have matching centers with respect
to one another in the same clamp and to the corresponding jaw face of the other clamp.
6.3 Tape, self adhering, cloth reinforced tape has been found suitable.
7. Sampling
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing, take at random the number of rolls or pieces of pile yarn floor covering
as directed in an applicable material specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. Consider the rolls
or pieces of pile yarn floor covering to be the primary sampling units. In the absence of such an agreement, take one roll or piece
from the lot to be tested.
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the purchaser and supplier requires taking into account the variability between rolls or
pieces of pile yarn floor covering and between specimens from a roll or pieces of pile yarn floor covering to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful
producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
D3936 − 21
7.2 Laboratory Sample—For acceptance testing, take a laboratory sampling unit that is a minimum of 18 in. (457 mm) in the
machine direction by full width (cross machine direction) from each roll or piece in the lot sample.
7.3 Test Specimens—From each laboratory sampling unit, cut three specimens with the longer direction parallel to the machine
direction. Consider the long dimension as the direction of the test.
7.3.1 Secondary Back of Textile Construction—Cut the specimens 3 6 0.08 in. by at least 6 in. (76 6 2 mm by at least a minimum
of 150 mm).
7.3.2 Attached Cushion Construction—Cut the specimens 2 6 0.08 in. by at least 6 in. (50 6 2 mm by at least 152 a minimum
of 150 mm).
7.3.3 Specimen Sampling and Labelling— Take specimens, representing a broad distribution along the length and across the width
of each laboratory sampling unit. Take one specimen near each edge of the laboratory sampling unit but no nearer the extreme edge
than 5 % of its width, and take one specimen from the center area. Ensure that specimens are free of folds, creases or wrinkles.
Avoid getting oil, water, grease, etc., on the specimens when handling. Label to maintain specimen identity.
8. Conditioning
8.1 Condition and determine that moisture equilibrium for testing has been attained as directed in Practice D1776.
9. Preparation of Specimens
9.1 At one end of the specimen, manually separate the secondary backing from the pile yarn floor covering for approximately 1.5
in. (38 mm).
9.2 Cover the attached cushion side of each test specimen
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