ASTM D3971-89(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dichloromethane-Soluble Matter in Cellulose
Standard Test Method for Dichloromethane-Soluble Matter in Cellulose
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Dichloromethane-soluble materials are typically referred to as extractives. These extractives are comprised of organic materials that originated in the wood or cotton. The measure is an indication of the efficiency of removal of these substances during pulping and bleaching. The extractive level is of concern to dissolving pulp users since the presence of large amounts of extractives could inhibit the processing of cellulose into the desired derivative.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dichloromethane-soluble matter in cellulose and is applicable to dissolving-type cellulose pulps prepared from cotton or wood.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Dec-2018
- Technical Committee
- D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
- Drafting Committee
- D01.36 - Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2008
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2003
Overview
ASTM D3971-89(2019), titled Standard Test Method for Dichloromethane-Soluble Matter in Cellulose, is an internationally recognized standard published by ASTM International. This test method specifies the determination of dichloromethane-soluble matter, commonly known as extractives, in cellulose. These extractives, originating from cotton or wood, provide a measure of the efficiency of removal processes during cellulose pulping and bleaching. The presence and quantity of such extractives are of major concern for users of dissolving pulp because high levels can inhibit subsequent cellulose processing and derivative production.
Key Topics
- Extractives in Cellulose: The standard focuses on identifying and quantifying organic materials, such as waxes, fats, resins, and oils, that are soluble in dichloromethane and originate from the raw materials-wood or cotton.
- Efficiency Indicator: The measurement acts as a direct indicator of the effectiveness of pulping and bleaching operations in purifying cellulose.
- Applicability: This test method applies to dissolving-type cellulose pulps prepared from both cotton and wood sources.
- Test Apparatus: Key equipment includes a Soxhlet apparatus, extractor tubes, condensers, extraction thimbles, heating devices (such as ovens, steam baths, or heating mantles), and evaporating dishes, ensuring the test can be carried out with reproducible results.
- Safety Considerations: The standard reminds users to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices due to the use of volatile, organic solvents and heated apparatus.
Applications
ASTM D3971-89(2019) is widely employed in industries that require high-purity cellulose, especially:
- Dissolving Pulp Manufacturing: The method is vital for manufacturers producing cellulose intended for chemical conversion, such as cellulose ethers, esters, or rayon, where minimal extractives are crucial for product quality.
- Quality Control Labs: Testing is routinely conducted as part of quality assurance to monitor the effectiveness of pulping and bleaching, detect process drift, and ensure sulfur- and resin-free end products.
- Research and Development: Laboratories use this method to evaluate new pulping or bleaching conditions, aiming to reduce extractive content and improve cellulose purity.
- Import/Export Compliance: Ensures that international shipments of cellulose pulp meet the expectations for extractive levels, reducing the risk of batch rejection or downstream processing issues for buyers.
By quantifying dichloromethane-soluble matter, users can better understand and control impurities that impact processing performance and final cellulose quality.
Related Standards
- ASTM D1348:Test Methods for Moisture in Cellulose (Withdrawn 2017) - often referenced for determining the sample’s moisture content necessary for this analysis.
- ISO Standards on Cellulose: International methods evaluating extractives and purity of dissolving pulp.
- Industry Best Practices: Many pulp and paper quality protocols refer to or adopt procedures closely aligned with ASTM D3971.
ASTM D3971-89(2019) aligns with internationally recognized principles as established by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee, reinforcing its role as a benchmark for global cellulose quality assurance.
Keywords: dichloromethane-soluble matter in cellulose, cellulose extractives test, ASTM D3971, dissolving pulp, cellulose purity, Soxhlet extraction, cellulose quality control, pulping efficiency, chemical pulp standards, cellulose derivatives manufacturing
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D3971-89(2019) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Dichloromethane-Soluble Matter in Cellulose". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 Dichloromethane-soluble materials are typically referred to as extractives. These extractives are comprised of organic materials that originated in the wood or cotton. The measure is an indication of the efficiency of removal of these substances during pulping and bleaching. The extractive level is of concern to dissolving pulp users since the presence of large amounts of extractives could inhibit the processing of cellulose into the desired derivative. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the determination of dichloromethane-soluble matter in cellulose and is applicable to dissolving-type cellulose pulps prepared from cotton or wood. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 Dichloromethane-soluble materials are typically referred to as extractives. These extractives are comprised of organic materials that originated in the wood or cotton. The measure is an indication of the efficiency of removal of these substances during pulping and bleaching. The extractive level is of concern to dissolving pulp users since the presence of large amounts of extractives could inhibit the processing of cellulose into the desired derivative. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the determination of dichloromethane-soluble matter in cellulose and is applicable to dissolving-type cellulose pulps prepared from cotton or wood. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D3971-89(2019) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 85.040 - Pulps. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D3971-89(2019) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D3971-89(2010), ASTM D1348-94(2008), ASTM D1348-94(2003). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D3971-89(2019) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3971 − 89 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Dichloromethane-Soluble Matter in Cellulose
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3971; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope organic materials that originated in the wood or cotton. The
measure is an indication of the efficiency of removal of these
1.1 This test method covers the determination of
substances during pulping and bleaching. The extractive level
dichloromethane-soluble matter in cellulose and is applicable
is of concern to dissolving pulp users since the presence of
to dissolving-type cellulose pulps prepared from cotton or
large amounts of extractives could inhibit the processing of
wood.
cellulose into the desired derivative.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 5. Apparatus
standard.
5.1 Extraction Apparatus:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1.1 Soxhlet.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1.2 Flask, 250-mL.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1.3 Extractor Tube, with standard taper 45/50 top joint.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.1.4 Allihn Standard Taper, 45/50 or
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1.5 Friedrichs Standard Taper, 45/50 type condenser.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
5.2 Extraction Thimble, either (1) standard thickness paper,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
43 by 123 mm, (2) aluminum oxide, 34 by 100 mm, medium
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
porosity, or (3) glass with coarse-porosity fritted-glass disk, 45
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
by 130 mm.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.3 Heating Device—Steam bath or heating mantle.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.4 Oven, maintained at 105 6 3°C.
2. Referenced Documents
5.5 Dish, evaporating, disposable, light aluminum, 63 mm
2.1 ASTM Standards:
in diameter by 17.5 mm deep.
D1348 Test Methods for Moisture in Cellulose (Withdrawn
5.6 Desiccator with efficient desiccant.
2017)
3. Summary of Test Method
6. Reagent
3.1 Asample is extracted with dichloromethane in a Soxhlet
6.1 Dichloromethane, ACS, 99 % CH Cl , having a residue
2 2
apparatus as a measure of the waxes, fats, resins, and oils
after evaporation of less than 0.002 %.
present.
7. Procedure
4. Significance and Use
7.1 Weigh 8 to 12 g of loose pulp, to the nearest 0.01 g, into
4.1 Dichloromethane-soluble materials are typically re-
an extractor thimble that has previously been extracted with
ferred to as extractives. These extractives are comprised of
dichloromethane. For sheet pulp, cut a sample into strips about
10 mm wide and 70 mm long, and weigh about 20 g into a
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
thimble. Weigh a separate portion for a moisture determination
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
in accordance with Test Methods D1348.
Subcommittee D01.36 on Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019. Published January 2019. Originally
7.2 Place the extraction thimble with sample in the extractor
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D3971 – 89 (2010).
andconnecttheflask.Pour250mLofthedichloromethaneinto
DOI: 10.1520/D3971-89R19.
the body of the extractor. Connect the assembled extractor to
For referenced
...
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