ASTM D6956-11
(Guide)Standard Guide for Demonstrating and Assessing Whether a Chemical Analytical Measurement System Provides Analytical Results Consistent with Their Intended Use
Standard Guide for Demonstrating and Assessing Whether a Chemical Analytical Measurement System Provides Analytical Results Consistent with Their Intended Use
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended for use by both generators and users of analytical results. It is intended to promote consistent demonstration and documentation of the quality of the measurement results and facilitate determination of the validity of measurements for their intended use.
This guide specifies documentation that a laboratory should supply with the analytical results to establish that the resulting measurements: (1) meet measurement quality requirements; (2) are suitable for their intended use; and (3) are technically defensible.
While the guide describes information that the measurement results provider needs to give the user/decision maker, in order for measurement providers to supply data users with appropriate data, information is needed from the data user. Examples of information that the user should provide to the laboratory, in addition to the analytes of concern (including the form of the analyte that is to be determined, for example, total lead, dissolved lead, organic lead, inorganic lead), include but are not limited to:
Type of material (that is, matrixfresh or salt water, coal fly ash, sandy loam soil, wastewater treatment sludge),
Maximum sample holding time,
Projected sampling date and delivery date to the laboratory,
Method of chemical preservation (for example, not preserved, chemical used),
Chain-of-custody requirements, if any,
Analytical methods that must be used, if any,
Measurement quality requirements expressed as DQOs or MQOs and action limits,
Allowable interferences as described in 10.4,
Documentation requirement, and
Subcontracting restrictions/requirements.
Users/decision makers should consult with the laboratory about these issues during the analytical design stage. This will allow the design of sample collection process and project schedule to accommodate the laboratory activities necessary to determine the desired level of measurement quality. The number of samples, budgets, and schedules should also be di...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes an approach for demonstrating the quality of analytical chemical measurement results from the application of a measurement system (that is, method or sequence of methods) to the analysis of environmental samples of soil, water, air, or waste. The purpose of such measurements can include demonstrating compliance with a regulatory limit, determining whether a site is contaminated above some specified level, or determining treatment process efficacy.
1.2 This guide describes a procedure that can be used to assess a measurement system used to generate analytical results for a specific purpose. Users and reviewers of the analytical results can determine, with a known level of confidence, if they meet the quality requirements and are suitable for the intended use.
1.3 This protocol does not address the general components of laboratory quality systems necessary to ensure the overall quality of laboratory operations. For such systems, the user is referred to International Standards Organization (ISO) Standard 17025 or the National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Conference (NELAC) laboratory accreditation standards.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
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Designation: D6956 − 11
Standard Guide for
Demonstrating and Assessing Whether a Chemical
Analytical Measurement System Provides Analytical Results
1
Consistent with Their Intended Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6956; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This guide describes an approach for demonstrating the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
quality of analytical chemical measurement results from the D4687Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
application of a measurement system (that is, method or D5283Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
sequenceofmethods)totheanalysisofenvironmentalsamples lated to Waste ManagementActivities: QualityAssurance
ofsoil,water,air,orwaste.Thepurposeofsuchmeasurements and Quality Control Planning and Implementation
can include demonstrating compliance with a regulatory limit, D5681Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
determining whether a site is contaminated above some speci- D5792Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
fied level, or determining treatment process efficacy. lated to Waste Management Activities: Development of
Data Quality Objectives
1.2 This guide describes a procedure that can be used to
D5956Guide for Sampling Strategies for Heterogeneous
assess a measurement system used to generate analytical
Wastes
results for a specific purpose. Users and reviewers of the
D6044Guide for Representative Sampling for Management
analytical results can determine, with a known level of
of Waste and Contaminated Media
confidence, if they meet the quality requirements and are
D6233Guide for DataAssessment for EnvironmentalWaste
suitable for the intended use.
Management Activities
1.3 This protocol does not address the general components
D6250Practice for Derivation of Decision Point and Confi-
of laboratory quality systems necessary to ensure the overall
dence Limit for Statistical Testing of Mean Concentration
quality of laboratory operations. For such systems, the user is
in Waste Management Decisions
referred to International Standards Organization (ISO) Stan-
D6311Guide for Generation of Environmental Data Related
dard17025ortheNationalEnvironmentalLaboratoryAccredi-
toWaste ManagementActivities: Selection and Optimiza-
tation Conference (NELAC) laboratory accreditation stan-
tion of Sampling Design
dards.
D6582GuideforRankedSetSampling:EfficientEstimation
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as of a Mean Concentration in Environmental Sampling
3
(Withdrawn 2012)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. D6597Practice forAssessment ofAttaining Clean Up Level
for Site Closure
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.2 Other Documents:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NIST Measurement Results, National Institute of Standard
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4
Technology Technical Note 1297, 1994
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on the ASTM website.
3
Planning for Sampling. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originally www.astm.org.
4
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D6956–03. DOI: Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
10.1520/D6956-11. Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6956 − 11
ISO/IEC 17025:1999General Requirements for the Compe- 4.3.2 Maximum sample holding time,
5
tence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories 4.3.3 Projected sampling date and delivery date to the
Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement, laboratory,
6
EURACHEM/ CITAC Guide, second edition, 2000 4.3.4 Method of chemical preservation (for example, not
preserved, chemical used),
3. Terminology
4.3.5 Chain-of-custody requ
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6956–03 Designation:D6956–11
Standard Guide for
Demonstrating and Assessing Whether a Chemical
Analytical Measurement System Provides Analytical Results
1
Consistent with Their Intended Use
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6956; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide describes an approach for demonstrating the quality of analytical chemical measurement results from the
application of a measurement system (that is, method or sequence of methods) to the analysis of environmental samples of soil,
water,air,orwaste.Thepurposeofsuchmeasurementscanincludedemonstratingcompliancewitharegulatorylimit,determining
whether a site is contaminated above some specified level, or determining treatment process efficacy.
1.2 This guide describes a procedure that can be used to assess a measurement system used to generate analytical results for
a specific purpose. Users and reviewers of the analytical results can determine, with a known level of confidence, if they meet the
quality requirements and are suitable for the intended use.
1.3 Thisprotocoldoesnotaddressthegeneralcomponentsoflaboratoryqualitysystemsnecessarytoensuretheoverallquality
of laboratory operations. For such systems, the user is referred to International Standards Organization (ISO) Standard 17025 or
the National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Conference (NELAC) laboratory accreditation standards.
1.4
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
D5283 PracticeforGenerationofEnvironmentalDataRelatedtoWasteManagementActivities:QualityAssuranceandQuality
Control Planning and Implementation
D57925681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
D5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related toWaste ManagementActivities: Development of Data Quality
Objectives
D5956 Guide for Sampling Strategies for Heterogeneous Wastes
D6044 Guide for Representative Sampling for Management of Waste and Contaminated Media
D6233 Guide for Data Assessment for Environmental Waste Management Activities
D6250 Practice for Derivation of Decision Point and Confidence Limit for Statistical Testing of Mean Concentration in Waste
Management Decisions
D6311 Guide for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Selection and Optimization of
Sampling Design
D6582 Guide for Ranked Set Sampling: Efficient Estimation of a Mean Concentration in Environmental Sampling
D6597 Practice for Assessment of Attaining Clean Up Level for Site Closure
2.2 Other Documents:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on Planning for
Sampling.
Current edition approved Nov. 18, 2003. Published December 2003. DOI: 10.1520/D6956-03.
Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D6956–03. DOI:
10.1520/D6956-11.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6956–11
Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results, National Institute of Standard
3
Technology Technical Note 1297, 1994
4
ISO/IEC 17025:1999 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
5
Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement, EURACHEM/ CITAC Guide, second edition, 2000
3. Terminology
3.1
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to Terminology D5681.
3.2 Definitions:
3.1.1
3.2.1 action
...
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