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ASTM C1407-98

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Calculating Areas, Volume, and Linear Change of Refractory Shapes

Standard Practice for Calculating Areas, Volume, and Linear Change of Refractory Shapes

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the methods of calculating areas, volumes and linear changes of irregularly shaped refractory specimens.
1.2 Areas of irregular (both conventional and shaped) specimens are required for determining the creep of certain refractory products.
1.3 Linear and volume changes or irregularly shaped refractories are required for determining reheat change.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-1998
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories
Drafting Committee
C08.03 - Physical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C1407-98(2005) - Standard Practice for Calculating Areas, Volume, and Linear Change of Refractory Shapes
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005

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ASTM C1407-98 - Standard Practice for Calculating Areas, Volume, and Linear Change of Refractory ShapesASTM C1407-98 - Standard Practice for Calculating Areas, Volume, and Linear Change of Refractory Shapes
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ASTM C1407-98 - Standard Practice for Calculating Areas, Volume, and Linear Change of Refractory Shapes
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1407–98
Standard Practice for
Calculating Areas, Volume, and Linear Change of Refractory
Shapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1407; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope This practice determines the volume without depending upon
physical linear measurements.
1.1 This practice presents the methods of calculating areas,
3.2 Blast furnace checkers that have irregular cross-sections
volumes and linear changes of irregularly shaped refractory
are classified by “creep properties.” This practice determines
specimens.
the average cross-sectional area without requiring area mea-
1.2 Areas of irregular (both conventional and shaped) speci-
surements.
mens are required for determining the creep of certain refrac-
tory products.
4. Procedure
1.3 Linear and volume changes or irregularly shaped refrac-
4.1 The test specimens shall have their volume (V ) pre-
A
tories are required for determining reheat change.
determined using the standard procedure described in Test
1.4 The values stated in Si units are to be regarded as the
Methods C 20 or C 830.
standard.
4.2 Dry the specimens to constant weight.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.3 Weigh the specimens to the nearest 0.1 g and record as
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
W.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.4 If the specimens have parallel faces (such as ground
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
surfaces for applying load for creep data) measure the length to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the nearest 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) and record as L.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Calculation
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Area of Creep Specimens (Irregular Cross-Sections):
C 20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorp-
5.1.1
tion, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of
Burned Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
volume~V! ~C20orC830! cm
2 —4 2
2 area A! 5 5 cm 10 m ! (1)
~ ~
C 113 Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
length~L! ~cm!
C 830 Test Method of Apparent Porosity, Liquid Absorp-
5.1.2
tion, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density by
2 weight~W! ~g!
3 —6 3
Vacuum Pressure
volume~V!5 5 cm ~10 m ! (2)
bulk density ~g/cm !
C 832 Test Method of Measuring the Thermal Expansion
and Creep of Refractories Under Load
5.1.3 Illustration:
E 691 Practice for Conducting and Interlaboratory Study to
Weight (W) 5 375.2 g
3 3 3
Bulk Density 5 2.56 g/cm (Mg/m )
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
—2
Length (L) 5 10.795 cm (10 m)
3. Significance and Use
375.2
3 —6 3
...

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1.1 These test methods cover procedures for measuring size, dimensional measurement, bulk density, warpage, and squareness of rectangular dense refractory brick and rectangular insulating firebrick. More precise determination of bulk density of refractory brick can be made by Test Methods C20. Stack height is generally determined only for dense refractories.  
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4.1 The true specific gravity of a material is the ratio of its true density, determined at a specific temperature, to the true density of water, determined at a specific temperature. Thus, the true specific gravity of a material is a primary property which is related to chemical and mineralogical composition.  
4.2 This test method is particularly useful for hydratable materials that are not suitable for test with Test Method C135.  
4.3 For refractory raw materials and products, the true specific gravity is a useful value for: classification, detecting differences in chemical composition between supposedly like samples, indicating mineralogical phases or phase changes, calculating total porosity when the bulk density is known, and for any other test method that requires this value for the calculation of results.  
4.4 This test method is a primary standard method which is suitable for use in specifications, quality control, and research and development. It can also serve as a referee test method in purchasing contracts or agreements.  
4.5 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method are the following:  
4.5.1 The sample is representative of the material in general,  
4.5.2 The total sample has been reduced to the particle size specified,  
4.5.3 No contamination has been introduced during processing of the sample,  
4.5.4 The ignition of the sample has eliminated all free or combined water without inducing sintering or alteration,  
4.5.5 An inert gas (helium) has been used in the test, and  
4.5.6 The test method has been conducted in a meticulous manner.  
4.5.7 Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the usefulness of the results.  
4.6 In interpreting the results of this test method, it must be recognized that the specified sample particle size is significantly finer than specified for Test Method C135. Even this finer particle size for the sample does not preclude the presence of some closed pores, and the amount of residual close...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the true specific gravity of solid materials, and is particularly useful for materials that easily hydrate which are not suitable for test with Test Method C135. This test method may be used as an alternate for Test Methods C135, C128, and C188 for determining true specific gravity.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—In 7.3, the equivalent SI unit is expressed in parentheses.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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3.2 Blast furnace checkers that have irregular cross-sections are classified by “creep properties.” This practice determines the average cross-sectional area.
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