ASTM D3923-08
(Practice)Standard Practices for Detecting Leaks in Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
Standard Practices for Detecting Leaks in Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These practices may be used to determine whether a RO or NF device is free of leaks if the mechanical integrity of the device is to be confirmed. They may also be used to detect leaks in RO or NF devices whose operating performance indicates a possible leak. These practices may be used for either new or used devices.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover detecting leaks in which there is a direct communication between the feed or concentrate, or both, and the permeate. Several types of leaks are possible with the various configurations of reverse-osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) devices.
1.2 Types of Leaks:
1.2.1 With hollow-fiber devices, feed or concentrate leakage, or both, into the permeate stream by leaks through the tube sheet and past the tube sheet O-ring are possible. “Leaks” caused by broken fibers are not covered by these practices.
1.2.2 With spiral-wound devices, leaks may occur through damage of the membrane surface itself by punctures or scratches, by glue-line failure, and by O-ring leaks on product tube interconnectors.
1.2.3 With tubular devices, leaks due to membrane damage, tube end seal leaks, and leaks from broken tubes or product headers are possible.
1.3 Three leak test practices are given as follows:
Sections Practice A—Tube Sheet and O-Ring Leak Test for Hollow
Fiber Devices 8 to 9 Practice B—Vacuum Test for Spiral Wound Devices10 to 12 Practice C—Dye Test for Spiral Wound and Tubular Devices13 to 18
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D3923 −08
StandardPractices for
Detecting Leaks in Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration
1
Devices
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3923; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4194 Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Re-
1.1 These practices cover detecting leaks in which there is a
verse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
directcommunicationbetweenthefeedorconcentrate,orboth,
D6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration,
and the permeate. Several types of leaks are possible with the
Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
various configurations of reverse-osmosis (RO) and nanofiltra-
D6908 Practice for Integrity Testing of Water Filtration
tion (NF) devices.
Membrane Systems
1.2 Types of Leaks:
E60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related
1.2.1 With hollow-fiber devices, feed or concentrate
Materials by Spectrophotometry
leakage, or both, into the permeate stream by leaks through the
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of
tube sheet and past the tube sheet O-ring are possible. “Leaks”
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
caused by broken fibers are not covered by these practices.
1.2.2 With spiral-wound devices, leaks may occur through
3. Terminology
damage of the membrane surface itself by punctures or
3.1 For definitions of terms used in these practices, refer to
scratches, by glue-line failure, and by O-ring leaks on product
Terminology D1129 and D6161.
tube interconnectors.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2.3 With tubular devices, leaks due to membrane damage,
3.2.1 leak—bypassingoftheintactmembranefromthefeed
tube end seal leaks, and leaks from broken tubes or product
side to the permeate side.
headers are possible.
1.3 Three leak test practices are given as follows:
4. Summary of Practice
Sections
4.1 The hollow-fiber device being tested is operated at low
PracticeA—Tube Sheet and O-Ring Leak Test for Hollow 8 to 9
pressurewiththepermeatetubesheetexposed(thefiberbundle
Fiber Devices
Practice B—Vacuum Test for Spiral Wound Devices 10 to 12
is held in place by a “spider” device designed for the specific
Practice C—Dye Test for Spiral Wound and Tubular Devices 13 to 18
model under test). Any significant leak in the tube sheet or
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
O-ring seal is detected visually by inspection.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 These practices may be used to determine whether a RO
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
or NF device is free of leaks if the mechanical integrity of the
device is to be confirmed. They may also be used to detect
2. Referenced Documents
leaks in RO or NF devices whose operating performance
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
indicates a possible leak. These practices may be used for
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
either new or used devices.
6. Apparatus
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
6.1 “Spider” Device, designed for the specific model of
Exchange Materials.
hollow-fiber device being tested, is available from the supplier.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally
ε1
The “spider” is designed to take the place of the permeate end
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D3923 – 94 (2003) .
DOI: 10.1520/D3923-08.
plate and permeate collection grid/block while securing the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
fiber bundle from movement. This allows visual observation
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
during low-pressure operation with the fiber bundle retained in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. its original position.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
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D3923−08
7. Purity of Reagents appears to ooze out from the tube sheet face. However, if a
significant leak is present in the tube sheet or O-ring seal, a
7.1 Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests.
forceful spray or stream will be observed. During inspection,
Unless otherwise indicated, it is i
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D 3923–94 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: D 3923 – 08
Standard Practices for
Detecting Leaks in Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration
1
Devices
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3923; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
1
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. ´ NOTE—An editorial change was made in 10.1
in June 2003.
1. Scope
1.1 These practices cover detecting leaks in which there is a direct communication between the feed or concentrate, or both,
and the permeate. Several types of leaks are possible with the various configurations of reverse-osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration
(NF) devices.
1.2 Types of Leaks:
1.2.1 With hollow-fiber devices, feed or concentrate leakage, or both, into the permeate stream by leaks through the tube sheet
and past the tube sheet O-ring are possible. “Leaks” caused by broken fibers are not covered by these practices.
1.2.2 With spiral-wound devices, leaks may occur through damage of the membrane surface itself by punctures or scratches,
by glue-line failure, and by O-ring leaks on product tube interconnectors.
1.2.3 With tubular devices, leaks due to membrane damage, tube end seal leaks, and leaks from broken tubes or product headers
are possible.
1.3 Three leak test practices are given as follows:
Sections
PracticeA—Tube Sheet and O-Ring Leak Test for Hollow 8to9
Fiber Devices6 to 9
PracticeA—Tube Sheet and O-Ring Leak Test for Hollow 8to9
Fiber Devices
Practice B—Vacuum Test for Spiral Wound Devices 10 to 12
Practice C—Dye Test for Spiral Wound and Tubular Devices 13 to 18
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D 4194Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Reverse Osmosis Devices Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of
Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
D 6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
D 6908 Practice for Integrity Testing of Water Filtration Membrane Systems
E 60Practice for Molecular Absorption Spectrophotometric Methods for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related
Materials Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials by Molecular Absorption Spectrometry
E 275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Ultraviolet, Visible, and Near-Infrared Spectrophotometers
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in these practices, refer to Terminology D 1129 and D 6161.
3.2For descriptions of terms relating to reverse osmosis, refer to Test Methods D4194.
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 onWater and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion Exchange
Materials.
Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D3923–94(1998).
´1
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 3923 – 94 (2003) .
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 11.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3923–08
3.3
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.3.1
3.2.1 leak—bypassing of the intact membrane from the feed side to the permeate side.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The hollow-fiber device being tested is operated at low pressure with the permeate tube sheet exposed (the fiber bundle is
held in place by a “spider” device designed for the specific model under test).Any significant leak in the tube sheet or O-ring seal
is detected visually by inspection.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 These practices may be used to determine whether a reverse-osmosis RO or NF
...
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