ASTM D2276-06(2014)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling
Standard Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a gravimetric measurement of the particulate matter present in a sample of aviation turbine fuel by line sampling. The objective is to minimize these contaminants to avoid filter plugging and other operational problems. Although tolerable levels of particulate contaminants have not yet been established for all points in fuel distribution systems, the total contaminant measurement is normally of most interest. The Appendix X1 color rating method is useful for fuel system monitoring purposes. No quantitative relationship exists between gravimetric and color rating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particulate contaminant in aviation turbine fuel using a field monitor.
1.2 There are two test methods described. The basic test method is used to evaluate the level of contamination gravimetrically. The second test method, presented in Appendix X1, describes a color rating technique that is used for rapid qualitative assessment of changes in contamination level without the time delay required for the gravimetric determinations by stringent laboratory procedures.
1.3 There are two Annexes and two Appendixes in this test method.
1.3.1 Annex A1 provides some precautionary information regarding the use of the required reagents.
1.3.2 Annex A2 describes a standard practice for obtaining a sample of the particulates present in a flowing stream of aviation turbine fuel.
1.3.3 Appendix X1 describes a test method for rating the particulate level in an aviation turbine fuel on the basis of the color of a filter membrane after sampling the fuel in the field.
1.3.4 Appendix X2 provides some safety precautions to avoid static discharge resulting from the accumulation of electrical charges in the fuel and on the equipment while following the procedures.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D2276 − 06 (Reapproved 2014)
Designation: 216/97
Standard Test Method for
Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2276; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particulate 2.1 ASTM Standards:
contaminant in aviation turbine fuel using a field monitor. D1193Specification for Reagent Water
D1535Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
1.2 There are two test methods described. The basic test
D1655Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
method is used to evaluate the level of contamination gravi-
D2244Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
metrically.Thesecondtestmethod,presentedinAppendixX1,
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
describes a color rating technique that is used for rapid
Coordinates
qualitative assessment of changes in contamination level with-
D4865Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-
out the time delay required for the gravimetric determinations
tricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
by stringent laboratory procedures.
D5452Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-
1.3 There are twoAnnexes and twoAppendixes in this test
tion Fuels by Laboratory Filtration
method.
D6615Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine
1.3.1 Annex A1 provides some precautionary information
Fuel
regarding the use of the required reagents.
1.3.2 Annex A2 describes a standard practice for obtaining
3. Terminology
a sample of the particulates present in a flowing stream of
3.1 Definitions:
aviation turbine fuel.
3.1.1 membrane color, n—a visual rating of particulate on a
1.3.3 Appendix X1 describes a test method for rating the
filter membrane against ASTM Color Standards.
particulate level in an aviation turbine fuel on the basis of the
3.1.2 membrane filter, n—a porous article of closely con-
color of a filter membrane after sampling the fuel in the field.
1.3.4 Appendix X2 provides some safety precautions to trolled pore size through which a liquid is passed to separate
matter in suspension.
avoid static discharge resulting from the accumulation of
electrical charges in the fuel and on the equipment while 3.1.2.1 Discussion—RR:D02-1012 contains information
on membrane filters that meet the requirements therein.
following the procedures.
3.1.3 monitor, n—something that reminds or warns.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.3.1 Discussion—A plastic holder for a membrane filter
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
held in a field sampling apparatus.
only.
3.1.4 particulate, adj—of or relating to minute separate
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
particles.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Solids generally composed of oxides,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
silicates, and fuel insoluble salts.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D02.J0.05 on Fuel Cleanliness. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted the ASTM website.
by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established procedures. Supportingdata(andalistofsupplierswhohaveprovideddataindicatingtheir
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2014.PublishedJuly2014.Originallyapproved membranes, field monitors, and field monitor castings) have been filed at ASTM
in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D2276–06. DOI: 10.1520/ International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report
D2276-06R14. RR:D02-1012.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
D2276 − 06 (2014)
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 volatile fuels, n—relativelywideboilingrangevolatile
distillate.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—These are identified as Jet B in Speci-
fication D6615 or the military grade known as JP-4.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Aknownvolumeoffuelisfilteredthroughapreweighed
test membrane filter in a field monitor and the increase in
membrane filter mass determined after washing and drying.
The change in mass of a control membrane filter located
immediatelybelowthetestmembranefilterisalsodetermined.
Theobjectiveofusingacontrolmembraneistoassesswhether
the fuel itself influences the weight of a membrane. The
particulate contaminant is determined from the increase in
mass of the test membrane filter relative to the control
membrane filter.
4.2 This test method employs a field monitor to filter a
sample of fuel that is taken in the field by the sampling
procedure detailed in Annex A2.
4.3 For situations where it is not possible to take a field
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Filtering and Dispensing Flushing Fluid
monitor sample, procedures are given in Test Method D5452
for the determination of particulate contaminant in a fuel
sample by laboratory filtration.
3,4
6.7 Control Membrane Filters, 37-mmdiameter,nominal
4.4 Appendix X1 describes a method for color-rating used
pore size 0.8 µm. (Gridded control membrane filters may be
filter membranes.
used for purpose of identification.)
5. Significance and Use
NOTE1—Matchedweightmembranefilters, 37-mmdiameter,nominal
pore size 0.8 µm, may be used as test and control membrane filters if so
5.1 Thistestmethodprovidesagravimetricmeasurementof
desired. Use of matched-weight membrane filters precludes the necessity
the particulate matter present in a sample of aviation turbine
for carrying out subsequently the procedures detailed in Section 8.
fuel by line sampling. The objective is to minimize these
6.8 Dispenser for Flushing Fluid,0.45-µmmembranefilters
contaminants to avoid filter plugging and other operational
to be provided in the delivery line (see Fig. 1). Alternatively,
problems. Although tolerable levels of particulate contami-
flushing fluid that has been pre-filtered through a 0.45 µm
nants have not yet been established for all points in fuel
membrane before delivery to the dispenser flask is acceptable.
distribution systems, the total contaminant measurement is
normally of most interest. The Appendix X1 color rating
6.9 Field Monitors, complete with protective plugs and
method is useful for fuel system monitoring purposes. No
34-mm support pads.
quantitative relationship exists between gravimetric and color
6.10 Air Ionizer, for the balance case (see Note 2 and Note
rating test results.
3).
6. Apparatus NOTE 2—When using a solid-pan balance, the air ionizer may be
omitted provided that, when weighing a membrane filter, it is placed on
6.1 Analytical Balance, single- or double-pan, the precision
the pan so that no part protrudes over the edge of the pan.
standard deviation of which must be 0.07 mg or better.
NOTE 3—Air ionizers should be replaced within 1 year of manufacture.
6.2 Oven, of the static type (without fan-assisted air
6.11 Multimeter/VOM, used for determining whether elec-
circulation), controllable to 90 6 5°C.
trical continuity is 10Ω or less between 2 points.
6.3 Petri Dishes, approximately 125 mm in diameter with
6.12 Field Monitor Flushing Apparatus, of the type shown
removable glass supports for membrane filters.
inFig.2.Itconsistsofareceivingflasklargeenoughtocontain
the flushing fluid and shall be equipped with a side arm to
6.4 Forceps, flat-bladed with unserrated, non-pointed tips.
connect to the vacuum system. Reagent resistant tubing shall
6.5 Vacuum System.
bearrangedtoallowpassageofagroundingwire.Anassembly
3,4
6.6 Test Membrane Filters, plain, 37-mm diameter,
of reagent grade resistant tubing and bung fitted with a glass
nominal pore size 0.8 µm (see Note 1).
tube shall be assembled as shown in Fig. 2 to attach to a field
monitor.
6.13 Ground/Bond Wire, Nos. 10 through 19, (0.912 to
All available membrane filters are not suitable for this application. Apparatus
2.59mm) bare stranded flexible stainless steel or copper
considered for this application shall be checked by the user for suitability in
accordance with the requirements of RR:D02-1012, 1994 revision. installed in the flask and grounded as shown in Fig. 2.
D2276 − 06 (2014)
containers. Glassware used in preparation of membrane filters
shall be cleaned as described in Section 10.
8.1.1 Using forceps, place the test and control membrane
filters side by side in a clean petri dish. To facilitate handling
the membrane filters should rest on clean glass support rods in
the petri dish.
8.1.2 Placethepetridishwithitslidslightlyajar,inanoven
at 90 6 5°C and leave it for 30 min.
8.1.3 Remove the petri dish from the oven and place it near
the balance. The petri dish cover should be ajar but still
protecting the membrane filters from contamination from the
atmosphere.Allow 30 min for the membrane filters to come to
equilibrium with the ambient air temperature and humidity.
8.1.4 Remove the control membrane filter from the petri
dish with forceps, handling by the edge only, and place it
centrallyontheweighingpan.Weighitandreturnittothepetri
FIG. 2 Field Monitor Flushing Apparatus dish.
8.1.5 Repeat 8.1.4 for the test membrane filter. Record the
membrane filter masses.
7. Reagents
8.1.6 Take a clean field monitor, mark for identification,
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
rinsewithfilteredflushingfluid,andinsertacleansupportpad.
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
8.1.7 Using clean forceps, place the weighed control mem-
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
branefiltercentrallyonthesupportpadinthefieldmonitorand
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
place the weighed test membrane filter on top of the control
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
membrane filter. Assemble the two parts of the field monitor,
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
ensuring that the membrane filters are firmly clamped inside
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
and the protective plugs are in position.
accuracy of the determination.
8.1.8 Record the monitor identification.
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated references
9. Sampling and Testing Procedure
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined
by Type III of Specification D1193.
9.1 Whenpossible,3.785L(1gal)to5L(1.321gal)offuel
should be passed through the monitor during field sampling.
7.3 Isopropyl Alcohol, reagent grade. (Warning—
The sample volume actually employed shall be reported.
Flammable. See A1.1.)
(Warning—Jet A, combustible. Vapor harmful. See A1.3.)
7.4 Liquid Detergent, water-soluble.
(Warning—Jet B, extremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled.
7.5 Flushing Fluids:
Vapors may cause flash fire. See A1.4.)
7.5.1 Petroleum Spirit (also known as petroleum ether or IP
9.2 See AnnexA2 for specific details of sampling practices
Petroleum Spirit 40/60) (Warning—Extremely flammable.
that shall be followed.
Harmful if inhaled. Vapors are easily ignited by electrostatic
discharges, causing flash fire. See A1.2.), having boiling range
10. Preparation of Flushing Apparatus
from 35 to 60°C.
10.1 Fig. 2 shows the recommended configuration of the
8. Preparation of Test and Control Membrane Filters
flushing apparatus. Alternative apparatus may be used, pro-
and Field Monitors Prior to Sampling
vided that it achieves the same end.
10.1.1 Wash the petri dishes and supports with warm water
8.1 Two 37-mm membrane filters of nominal pore size 0.8
containing detergent. Then rinse with warm water and finally
µmarerequired:atestandacontrolmembranefilter.Matched-
with distilled water.
weightmembranefiltersmaybeusedifsodesired(seeNote1).
10.1.2 Rinse thoroughly with filtered isopropyl alcohol.
If matched-weight membrane filters are used, it is unnecessary
10.1.3 Rinse thoroughly with filtered flushing fluid.
tocarryouttheproceduresdetailedinthissectionbecausethey
10.1.4 Drain for a few seconds, and then air or oven dry.
have been carried out previously by the membrane filter
supplier. The two membrane filters used for each individual
10.2 Ensure that all glass and plastic tubing attached to the
test should be identified by marking the petri dishes used as
solvent filtering dispenser is clean by flushing thoroughly with
filtered flushing fluid.
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
11. Flushing and Weighing Procedure
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
11.1 Upon receipt of the field monitor in the laboratory,
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
assemble the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 with the field monitor
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
MD. in place on the stopper of the vacuum flask.
D2276 − 06 (2014)
NOTE 4—Take care to ensure that monitors are tightly closed and TABLE 1 Statistical Information for Particulate Contaminant
preferably clamped. Spring paper clips have been found suitable for this
Average Result,
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.5 2.0
purpose.
mg/L
Repeatability 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.16 0.19 0.25 0.33 0.42
11.2 Place the tip of the delivery spout of the solvent
Reproducibility 0.18 0.22 0.27 0.31 0.40 0.49 0.62 0.84 1.07
filtering dispenser in direct contact with the monitor inlet hole.
Introduce filtered flushing fluid.
11.3 Apply vacuum to the flask and allow approximately
250 mLof filtered flushing fluid to pass from the flushing fluid
dispenser through the monitor and into the vacuum flask.
13.2 These precision data have been obtained by statistical
examination of test results using 5-L samples and were first
11.4 Removetheflushingfluiddispenserandslowlyrelease
published in 1966.
the vacuum.
11.5 Remove the monitor from the stopper of the vacuum
13.3 Repeatability— The difference
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2276 − 06 D2276 − 06 (Reapproved 2014) An American National Standard
Designation: 216/97
Standard Test Method for
Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2276; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particulate contaminant in aviation turbine fuel using a field monitor.
1.2 There are two test methods described. The basic test method is used to evaluate the level of contamination gravimetrically.
The second test method, presented in Appendix X1, describes a color rating technique that is used for rapid qualitative assessment
of changes in contamination level without the time delay required for the gravimetric determinations by stringent laboratory
procedures.
1.3 There are two Annexes and two Appendixes in this test method.
1.3.1 Annex A1 provides some precautionary information regarding the use of the required reagents.
1.3.2 Annex A2 describes a standard practice for obtaining a sample of the particulates present in a flowing stream of aviation
turbine fuel.
1.3.3 Appendix X1 describes a test method for rating the particulate level in an aviation turbine fuel on the basis of the color
of a filter membrane after sampling the fuel in the field.
1.3.4 Appendix X2 provides some safety precautions to avoid static discharge resulting from the accumulation of electrical
charges in the fuel and on the equipment while following the procedures.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
D5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Aviation Fuels by Laboratory Filtration
D6615 Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine Fuel
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 membrane color, n—a visual rating of particulate on a filter membrane against ASTM Color Standards.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.J0.05 on Fuel Cleanliness.
This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established procedures.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006June 1, 2014. Published January 2007July 2014. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20052006 as
D2276–05.–06. DOI: 10.1520/D2276-06.10.1520/D2276-06R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2276 − 06 (2014)
3.1.2 membrane filter, n—a porous article of closely controlled pore size through which a liquid is passed to separate matter in
suspension.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
RR:D02-1012RR:D02-1012 contains information on membrane filters that meet the requirements therein.
3.1.3 monitor, n—something that reminds or warns.
Supporting data (and a list of suppliers who have provided data indicating their membranes, field monitors, and field monitor castings) have been filed at ASTM
International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1012.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
A plastic holder for a membrane filter held in a field sampling apparatus.
3.1.4 particulate, adj—of or relating to minute separate particles.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—
Solids generally composed of oxides, silicates, and fuel insoluble salts.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 volatile fuels, n—relatively wide boiling range volatile distillate.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
These are identified as Jet B in Specification D6615 or the military grade known as JP-4.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A known volume of fuel is filtered through a preweighed test membrane filter in a field monitor and the increase in
membrane filter mass determined after washing and drying. The change in mass of a control membrane filter located immediately
below the test membrane filter is also determined. The objective of using a control membrane is to assess whether the fuel itself
influences the weight of a membrane. The particulate contaminant is determined from the increase in mass of the test membrane
filter relative to the control membrane filter.
4.2 This test method employs a field monitor to filter a sample of fuel that is taken in the field by the sampling procedure detailed
in Annex A2.
4.3 For situations where it is not possible to take a field monitor sample, procedures are given in Test Method D5452 for the
determination of particulate contaminant in a fuel sample by laboratory filtration.
4.4 Appendix X1 describes a method for color-rating used filter membranes.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method provides a gravimetric measurement of the particulate matter present in a sample of aviation turbine fuel
by line sampling. The objective is to minimize these contaminants to avoid filter plugging and other operational problems.
Although tolerable levels of particulate contaminants have not yet been established for all points in fuel distribution systems, the
total contaminant measurement is normally of most interest. The Appendix X1 color rating method is useful for fuel system
monitoring purposes. No quantitative relationship exists between gravimetric and color rating test results.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Analytical Balance, single- or double-pan, the precision standard deviation of which must be 0.07 mg or better.
6.2 Oven, of the static type (without fan-assisted air circulation), controllable to 90 6 5°C.
6.3 Petri Dishes, approximately 125 mm in diameter with removable glass supports for membrane filters.
6.4 Forceps, flat-bladed with unserrated, non-pointed tips.
6.5 Vacuum System.
D2276 − 06 (2014)
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Filtering and Dispensing Flushing Fluid
3,4
6.6 Test Membrane Filters, plain, 37-mm diameter, nominal pore size 0.8 μm (see Note 1).
3,4
6.7 Control Membrane Filters, 37-mm diameter, nominal pore size 0.8 μm. (Gridded control membrane filters may be used
for purpose of identification.)
NOTE 1—Matched weight membrane filters, 37-mm diameter, nominal pore size 0.8 μm, may be used as test and control membrane filters if so desired.
Use of matched-weight membrane filters precludes the necessity for carrying out subsequently the procedures detailed in Section 8.
6.8 Dispenser for Flushing Fluid , Fluid, 0.45-μm membrane filters to be provided in the delivery line (see Fig. 1). Alternatively,
flushing fluid that has been pre-filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane before delivery to the dispenser flask is acceptable.
6.9 Field Monitors, complete with protective plugs and 34-mm support pads.
6.10 Air Ionizer, for the balance case (see Note 2 and Note 3).
NOTE 2—When using a solid-pan balance, the air ionizer may be omitted provided that, when weighing a membrane filter, it is placed on the pan so
that no part protrudes over the edge of the pan.
NOTE 3—Air ionizers should be replaced within 1 year of manufacture.
6.11 Multimeter/VOM, used for determining whether electrical continuity is 10 Ω or less between 2 points.
6.12 Field Monitor Flushing Apparatus , Apparatus, of the type shown in Fig. 2. It consists of a receiving flask large enough
to contain the flushing fluid and shall be equipped with a side arm to connect to the vacuum system. Reagent resistant tubing shall
be arranged to allow passage of a grounding wire. An assembly of reagent grade resistant tubing and bung fitted with a glass tube
shall be assembled as shown in Fig. 2 to attach to a field monitor.
6.13 Ground/Bond Wire, Nos. 10 through 19, (0.912 to 2.59 mm) 2.59 mm) bare stranded flexible stainless steel or copper
installed in the flask and grounded as shown in Fig. 2.
7. Reagents
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high
purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
All available membrane filters are not suitable for this application. Apparatus considered for this application shall be checked by the user for suitability in accordance
with the requirements of RR:D02-1012, 1994 revision.
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications Specifications, , American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents
not listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and
National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.
D2276 − 06 (2014)
FIG. 2 Field Monitor Flushing Apparatus
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined by
Type III of Specification D1193.
7.3 Isopropyl Alcohol, reagent grade. (Warning—Flammable. See A1.1.)
7.4 Liquid Detergent, water-soluble.
7.5 Flushing Fluids:
7.5.1 Petroleum Spirit (also known as petroleum ether or IP Petroleum Spirit 40/60) (Warning—Extremely flammable.
Harmful if inhaled. Vapors are easily ignited by electrostatic discharges, causing flash fire. See A1.2.), having boiling range from
35 to 60°C.
8. Preparation of Test and Control Membrane Filters and Field Monitors Prior to Sampling
8.1 Two 37-mm membrane filters of nominal pore size 0.8 μm are required: a test and a control membrane filter.
Matched-weight membrane filters may be used if so desired (see Note 1). If matched-weight membrane filters are used, it is
unnecessary to carry out the procedures detailed in this section because they have been carried out previously by the membrane
filter supplier. The two membrane filters used for each individual test should be identified by marking the petri dishes used as
containers. Glassware used in preparation of membrane filters shall be cleaned as described in Section 1010.
8.1.1 Using forceps, place the test and control membrane filters side by side in a clean petri dish. To facilitate handling the
membrane filters should rest on clean glass support rods in the petri dish.
8.1.2 Place the petri dish with its lid slightly ajar, in an oven at 90 6 5°C and leave it for 30 min.
8.1.3 Remove the petri dish from the oven and place it near the balance. The petri dish cover should be ajar but still protecting
the membrane filters from contamination from the atmosphere. Allow 30 min for the membrane filters to come to equilibrium with
the ambient air temperature and humidity.
8.1.4 Remove the control membrane filter from the petri dish with forceps, handling by the edge only, and place it centrally on
the weighing pan. Weigh it and return it to the petri dish.
8.1.5 Repeat 8.1.4 for the test membrane filter. Record the membrane filter masses.
8.1.6 Take a clean field monitor, mark for identification, rinse with filtered flushing fluid, and insert a clean support pad.
8.1.7 Using clean forceps, place the weighed control membrane filter centrally on the support pad in the field monitor and place
the weighed test membrane filter on top of the control membrane filter. Assemble the two parts of the field monitor, ensuring that
the membrane filters are firmly clamped inside and the protective plugs are in position.
8.1.8 Record the monitor identification.
9. Sampling and Testing Procedure
9.1 When possible, 3.785 L (1 gal) to 5 L (1.321 gal) of fuel should be passed through the monitor during field sampling. The
sample volume actually employed shall be reported. (Warning—Jet A, combustible. Vapor harmful. See A1.3.) (Warning—Jet
B, extremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Vapors may cause flash fire. See A1.4.)
9.2 See Annex A2 for specific details of sampling practices that shall be followed.
10. Preparation of Flushing Apparatus
10.1 Fig. 2 shows the recommended configuration of the flushing apparatus. Alternative apparatus may be used, provided that
it achieves the same end.
D2276 − 06 (2014)
10.1.1 Wash the petri dishes and supports with warm water containing detergent. Then rinse with warm water and finally with
distilled water.
10.1.2 Rinse thoroughly with filtered isopropyl alcohol.
10.1.3 Rinse thoroughly with filtered flushing fluid.
10.1.4 Drain for a few seconds, and then air or oven dry.
10.2 Ensure that all glass and plastic tubing attached to the solvent filtering dispenser is clean by flushing thoroughly with
filtered flushing fluid.
11. Flushing and Weighing Procedure
11.1 Upon receipt of the field monitor in the laboratory, assemble the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 with the field monitor in place
on the stopper of the vacuum flask.
NOTE 4—Take care to ensure that monitors are tightly closed and preferably clamped. Spring paper clips have been found suitable for this purpose.
11.2 Place the tip of the delivery spout of the solvent filtering dispenser in dire
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