ASTM D4434/D4434M-21

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Designation: D4434/D4434M − 15 D4434/D4434M − 21
Standard Specification for
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Sheet Roofing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4434/D4434M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from poly(vinyl chloride) resin as the primary polymer intended for use in
single-ply roofing membranes exposed to the weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fibers or reinforcing fabrics.
1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for the intended
purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, material compatibility, wind uplift resistance, in-situ
shrinkage, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformancenonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of
the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety
and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitation prior to use.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D751 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics
D1004 Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and Sheeting
D1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.18 on
Nonbituminous Organic Roof Coverings.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015Jan. 1, 2021. Published January 2016January 2021. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20122015 as
D4434/D4434M – 12.D4434/D4434M – 15. DOI: 10.1520/D4434_D4434M-15.10.1520/D4434_D4434M-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4434/D4434M − 21
D2136 Test Method for Coated Fabrics—Low-Temperature Bend Test
D3045 Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
D5602D5602/D5602M Test Method for Static Puncture Resistance of Roofing Membrane Specimens
D5635D5635/D5635M Test Method for Dynamic Puncture Resistance of Roofing Membrane Specimens
D7635/D7635M Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Coatings Over Fabric Reinforcement
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
G154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
G155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials
3. Classification
3.1 Type II—Reinforced sheet in which fibers are incorporated into a production process, for example as a carrier, without
appreciably affecting such physical property characteristics of the finished product as tensile strength or ultimate elongation, but
may provide other desirable characteristics, such as dimensional stability.
3.2 Type III—Sheet that is internally reinforced with fabric and which may also have a fabric backing.
3.3 Type IV—Sheet that is internally reinforced with fabric and which may also have a fabric backing with minimum thickness
of 0.91 mm [0.036 in.].
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 The sheet shall consist of poly(vinyl chloride) resin in amounts greater than 50 % of the total polymer content suitably
compounded with plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, pigments, and other ingredients to satisfy the physical property requirements and
accelerated durability tests.
4.2 To make seams and repairs, the sheet shall be capable of being bonded watertight to itself during the design service life of
the sheets. The manufacturer shall recommend a suitable method. Design service life is defined as the designated time period of
intended system performance.
5. Physical Requirements
5.1 The sheet shall conform to the physical requirements prescribed in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Sheet
Property Type II Type III Type IV
Overall thickness of PVC sheet, min, mm [in.] 1.14 [0.045] 1.14 [0.045] 0.91 [0.036]
A
Thickness over scrim, min. mm [in.] 0.40 [0.016] 0.40 [0.016] 0.40 [0.016]
Breaking strength, min, N [lbf/in.] 245 [55] 890 [200] 1223 [275]
Elongation at break, min, %:
B B
Machine direction 250 15 25
B B
Cross-machine direction 220 15 25
Seam strength, min, % of tensile or breaking strength 75 75 75
Retention of properties after heat aging:
Tensile strength, min, % of original 90 . .
Breaking strength, min, % of original . 90 90
Elongation, min, % of original 90 90 90
Tear resistance, min, N [lbf] 45.0 [10.0] . .
Tearing strength, min, N [lbf] . 200 [45.0] 400 [90.0]
Low temperature bend pass pass pass
Accelerated weathering test:
Cracking (7× magnification) none none none
Crazing (7× magnification) none none none
Linear dimensional change, max, % 0.1 0.5 0.5
Change in weight after immersion in water, max, % ±3.0 ±3.0 ±3.0
Static Puncture Resistance pass pass pass
C C C
Dynamic Puncture Resistance pass pass pass
A
Above the cross points of any fabric or fiber and the surface exposed to the weather.
B
For reinforcing fabric only; elongation of PVC material shall be the same as Type II.
C
For Type II products, dynamic puncture shall be evaluated at an energy level of 10 J min. For Type III products, dynamic puncture shall be evaluated at an energy level
of 20 J min.
D4434/D4434M − 21
5.2 The tolerance for time conditions (aging, weathering, and so forth) is 615 min or 61 % of the period, whichever is greater,
unless otherwise specified.
5.3 The tolerance for temperature conditions (aging, weathering, and so forth) is 62°C [64°F]62 °C [64 °F] of the specified
temperature, unless otherwise specified.
6. Dimensions
6.1 The width and length of the sheet shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier as part of the purchase contract.
The width and length tolerance shall be +3 %, −0 % after permitting the sheet to relax for 1 h at 21 6 3°C3 °C [70 6 5°F].5 °F].
6.2 The thickness tolerance shall be 610 % of the thickness agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier, but in no case shall the
thickness be less than the minimum in Table 1.
6.3 The sheet shall have a minimum coating or laminant thickness of 0.40 mm [0.016 in.] above the cross points of any fabric
or fiber and the surface exposed to the weather.
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
7.1 The sheet and any factory seams shall be watertight. It shall be visually free of pinholes, particles of foreign matter,
undispersed raw material, protruding fibers or reinforcement, or other manufacturing defects that might affect serviceability.
7.2 The sheet shall be visually free of nicks and cuts, voids, thin areas, delaminations, or other defects.
7.3 The sheet shall lay straight and flat to permit seaming
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